Chapter 6
Output
Chapter 6 Objectives
Describe the four categories of output
Differentiate between a nonimpact printer and an
impact printer
Summarize the characteristics of LCD monitors,
LCD screens, and plasma monitors
Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers,
photo printers, laser printers, thermal printers,
mobile printers, label and postage printers,
and plotters and large-format printers
Describe the characteristics of a CRT monitor and
factors that affect its quality
Describe the uses of speakers, headphones,
and earphones
Explain the relationship between graphics chips
and monitors
Identify the output characteristics of fax machines
and fax modems, multifunction peripherals, data
projectors, joysticks, wheels, and gamepads
Describe various ways to print
Identify output options for physically
challenged users
What is Output?
What is output?

Any data that has been processed into a useful form.

Output device is any hardware component that can convey
information to user
There are 4 types
of output:
•Text
•Graphics
•Audio
•Video
Display Devices
What is a display device?


Output device that visually
conveys text, graphics and video
information
 Information on display device
sometimes
called soft copy
Monitor is a plastic or metal case
that houses a display device as
separate peripheral, there are two
types for PC’s:
 CRT
 Flat Panel
CRT Monitors
What is a CRT monitor?

Contains cathode-ray tube
(CRT)

Screen coated with tiny dots of
phosphor material
 Each dot consists of a red, blue,
and green phosphor
 All three colors make up a pixel
Common sizes are 15, 17, 19, 21,
and 22 inches
 Viewable size is diagonal
measurement of actual viewing
area

CRT Monitor
Like a television in
technology, but capable of
displaying higher
resolutions than a
standard TV.
19”
21”
17”
22”
CRT Monitors
What determines the quality of a CRT
Monitor?



Screen resolution
Text created with a smaller dot
pitch is easier to read
Refresh rate is speed at which
monitor redraws images on screen
Quality of a CRT
Resolution, Sharpness and Clearness of the Image is stated
in pixels.
The higher the resolution
the sharper and clearer
the image, but the
smaller the items
displayed
Some common resolutions include:
640x480
800x600
1024x768
1280x1024
1600x1200
Quality of a CRT
Dot Pitch (pixel pitch)
The diagonal distance between likecolored pixels measured in millimeters
(mm)
Smaller distance = sharper image
Quality of a CRT
Some Common Dot Pitch Measurements
.28mm .26mm .24mm .22mm .21mm
Quality of a CRT
Refresh Rate
The speed that a monitor redraws the images on
the screen
The number of times per second the screen is
redrawn is measured in Hz (hertz)
Some Common Refresh Rates
60 Hz
72 Hz
75 Hz
80 Hz
90 Hz
100 Hz
Color Depth for Monitors & Video Cards
Color Depth is the
number of colors that
can be displayed on the
screen. Described as
Bit Depth representing
the number of bits
needed
BitDepth
Number of Colors
1
2
(monochrome)
2
4
(CGA)
4
16
(EGA)
8
256
(VGA)
16
65,536
(High Color, XGA)
24
16,777,216
(True Color, SVGA)
32
16,777,216
(True Color + Alpha
Channel)
Monitors & Video Cards
Must be used together to produce the screen image
Monitors & Video Cards
Standard
Resolution
Number of pixels
Recommended CRT
screen size
Recommended TFT
screen size
VGA
640 x 480
307,200
14"
n/a
SVGA
800 x 600
480,000
15", 17"
10.4", 12"
SVGA
1024 x 768
786,432
17", 19"
13.3" - 15"
XGA
1152 x 864
995,328
17", 19", 21"
n/a
Vesa 1280 1280 x 1024
1,310,720
19", 21"
17.3", 18.3"
Vesa 1600 1600 x 1200
1,920,000
21" and bigger
n/a (yet)
CRT Monitors
What is the ENERGY STAR program?


Encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient
devices that require little power when not in use
Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display
ENERGY STAR label
CRT Monitors
How does video travel from the processor to a CRT
monitor?

Video card (also called a graphics card) converts digital
output from computer into analog video signal
Step 5. Electron guns
fire the three color signals
to the front of the CRT.
Step 1. The
processor sends
digital video data
to the video card.
Step 3. The
analog signal is
sent through a
cable to the CRT
monitor.
Step 4. The
CRT monitor
separates the
analog signal
into red, green,
and blue signals.
Step 6. An image is
Step 2. The video card’s
digital-to-analog converter
(DAC) converts the digital
video data to an analog signal.
displayed on the screen when
the electrons hit phosphor
dots on the back of the screen.
Video Cards
Two common types of connections are
VGA (Video Graphics Array) and DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
Display Devices
What is an LCD monitor?



Uses liquid crystal display
Have a small footprint
Mobile devices that contain
LCD displays include
 Notebook computer, Tablet
PC, PDA, and Smart Phone
Video Card
Video Card Chipset Makers
ATI
NVIDIA
S3
INTEL
MATROX
SiS
Video Cards
Require memory to function in conjunction
with the Graphics Processor Unit (GPU), the
brains of the video card
Video Card & Monitor
Requires a software driver to interface
between the Operating System and the
video hardware system
Flat-Panel Displays
What about using multiple LCD monitors?



Some users position
two or more monitors
side by side or stacked
Allows users to run
multiple applications
simultaneously
Does not use CRT
technology and is
typically flatter and
smaller in depth than
CRTs
Flat-Panel Displays
What are some mobile devices that have
LCD screens?
Tablet PC
PDA
notebook
computer
smart phone
Flat-Panel Displays
How does LCD work?

Uses liquid compound to present information on a
display
Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal, electrical
Step 1. Panel
of fluorescent
tubes emits
light waves
through
polarizing glass filter,
which guides light
toward layer of liquid
crystal cells.
charge causes some of the cells to twist, making light waves
bend as they pass through color filter.
Liquid crystal cells
Transparent electrodes
Alignment layer
Color filter
Polarizing glass filter
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click LCD Technology
below Chapter 6
Fluorescent tube panel
Step 3. When light reaches
second polarizing glass filter, light
is allowed to pass through any
cells that line up at the first
polarizing glass filter. Absence and
presence of colored light cause
image to display on the screen.
Flat Panel Displays
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid crystals are almost transparent substances,
exhibiting the properties of both solid and liquid
matter. Light passing through liquid crystals
follows the alignment of the molecules that make
them up and generates light we can see on the
screen.
Flat-Panel Displays
What is resolution?



Number of horizontal and
vertical pixels in a display device
Sharpness and clarity of image
Higher resolution makes image
sharper, displays more text on
screen, makes some elements
smaller
Some Common Screen Sizes
15” 17” 18” 19” 20” 21” 22” 23” 24”
The size shown is the viewable
size also there is no differences
like with CRTs
Flat-Panel Displays – LCD
Active-Matrix (TFT)
Passive-Matrix (HPA)
TFT’s have higher resolutions, color
depth, and brightness. They
provide the best image quality.
Avoid Passive-Matrix whenever
possible
Flat-Panel Displays – LCD
Usually are limited in the number of
resolutions possible
Many LCD’s only allow 2-3 possible
resolution settings
Flat-Panel Displays – LCD
One important feature to recognize in LCD’s
is called Response Time
measured in Milliseconds (ms)
The lower the number the faster the LCD can
refresh the screen and the better and more
solid the image will look
25ms is minimum but 16ms or less is best
Flat-Panel Displays
How do you use an LCD monitor with a video
card?

Plug monitor into Digital Video Interface (DVI) port
on computer
standard monitor
port
S-video port
DVI port
Flat-Panel Displays
What is a plasma monitor?

Displays image by applying voltage to layer of gas

Larger screen size and higher display quality than LCD, but
are more expensive
Utilizes Gas Plasma instead of
Liquid Crystals. Typically have
larger sized screens and higher
quality images, but cost much
more than LCD’s
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Plasma Technology
below Chapter 6
Prone to Burn-In and Fading over time
Flat-Panel Displays
What is digital television (DTV) and highdefinition television (HDTV)?
High resolution
All broadcast stations
transmit digital signals
Uses digital signals to produce
crisper, higher-quality output
on LCD and plasma televisions
Many programs can be
broadcast on a single
digital channel
HDTV
(high-definition television)
is the most advanced form
of digital TV
Great for game playing, watching movies, and browsing the Internet
HDTV - High-Definition Television
Sony Wega 42" XBR Plasma TV with built-in HDTV tuner
$ 3,500
HDTV
Is high resolution digital television
The formats used in HDTV are:
720p - 1280x720 pixels progressive
1080i - 1920x1080 pixels interlaced
1080p - 1920x1080 pixels progressive
HDTV – How is it different from regular TV
Digital TV
Wider images
Much more detailed pictures
5.1 channel CD-quality Dolby Digital (AC-3)
surround sound
The ability to send data directly to a screen or
to a PC as a download
(The actual HDTV transmission is based on a
19.3-Mbps digital data stream.)
Printers
What is a printer?
portrait




Output device that
produces text and
graphics on a physical
medium
Result is hard copy, or
printout.
Produces text and
graphics on paper
Two orientations:
portrait and landscape
landscape
Printers
How do you know which printer to buy?
Depends on printing needs
Budget
Cost per page
Speed
Multiple copies
System
compatibility
Color or
black and white
Graphics and
photo printing
Future needs
Paper types
and sizes
Wireless
capability
Printers
What are the various ways to print
documents and pictures?
wireless
printers
printer
cable
various
ways to
print
cable
docking
station
media
card
Printer - Impact
Dot Matrix & Line Printers
Forms characters and graphics by striking the
paper via a ribbon.
Printer – Impact
Dot Matrix & Line Printers
$ 281.00
$ 5,500.00
Printers
What is a nonimpact printer?

Forms characters and graphics without striking paper
 Ink-jet printer sprays tiny drops of liquid ink
onto paper.
 Prints in black-and-white or color on a variety
of paper types
Printer – Non-Impact – Ink-Jet
Uses Liquid Ink
Prints in Black & White and Color
Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet
The higher the dpi the higher the quality
of the printout but the slower the printing
speed
Higher quality prints require coated or
glossy inkjet paper
Images with at least 150dpi are sufficient
to print highest quality on any inkjet
printer today
Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet
Biggest problem with inkjet printers is
buying ink cartridges!
However, depending on the brand of printer
you can get secondary market cartridges for
much less
Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet
Example Secondary Cartridges from
www.megatoners.com
Epson C84 Inkjet Printer
Black Cartridge = $ 2.50 each
Color Cartridge = $ 2.50 each
Canon PIXMA iP3000
Black Cartridge = $ 1.20 each
Color Cartridge = $ 1.20 each
Printers
What is the resolution of a printer?

Sharpness and clarity

Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer
can output
300 dpi
600 dpi
1200 dpi
Printers
How does an ink-jet printer work?
print head
print cartridge
firing
chamber
ink dot
bubble
resistor
ink
nozzle
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Ink-Jet Printers
below Chapter 6
Step 1. A small
Step 2. The
Step 3. Ink
Step 4. As the vapor bubble
resistor heats the
ink, causing the
ink to boil and
form a vapor
bubble.
vapor bubble
forces the ink
through the
nozzle.
drops onto the
paper.
collapses, fresh ink is drawn into
the firing chamber.
Printer – Non-Impact - Inkjet
How They Work
Thermo Technology – Heat
HP, Lexmark, & Canon
Piezo Technology – Electric
Epson
Printers
What is a laser printer?



High-speed, high-quality
nonimpact printer
Prints text and graphics in very high-quality
resolution, ranging from 1,200 to 2,400 dpi
Typically costs more than
ink-jet printer, but is much faster
Printer – Non-Impact – Laser
Uses Dry Toner
Prints in Black & White and Color
HP LaserJet 2300 Laser Printer,
25 PPM, 1200 x 1200 DPI, B&W
HP LaserJet 3700 Laser Printer, 16 ppm,
600 x 600 DPI, Color/ B&W, 64 MB
Printers
How does a laser printer work?
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Laser Printers
below Chapter 6
Printer – Non-Impact
Laser vs Inkjet
Total cost of ownership (TCO) is less for laser printers.
Cost per page average is $ .01 - $ .03 – Laser
Cost per page average is $ .03 - $ .20 – Inkjet
Printers
What is a photo printer?


Color printer that
produces photo-labquality pictures
Many photo printers
have a built-in card slot
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Photo Printers
below Chapter 6
Output
Other Non-Impact Printers
Thermal
Mobil
Label
Postage
Plotters
Large-Format
Printers
What is a thermal printer?

Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins
against heat-sensitive paper

Dye-sublimation printer (also called a digital photo printer)
uses heat to transfer dye to specially coated paper
Printers
What is a mobile printer?

Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows
mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet
PC, or PDA while traveling
Printers
What are label printers and postage
printers?


Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material
Most also print bar codes

Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints
postage stamps
Printers
What is a plotter?


Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality
drawings
Large-format printer creates photo-realistic-quality
color prints
Printers
What is a dot-matrix printer?

Impact printer that produces printed images
when tiny wire pins strike ribbon

Impact printer forms
characters by striking
mechanism against inked
ribbon that contacts paper
Printers
What is a line printer?


High-speed impact printer
that prints entire line
at a time
Speed measured in lines
per minute (lpm)


Band printer prints fully
formed characters using a
hammer mechanism
Shuttle-matrix printer is
high-speed printer that
works like dot-matrix
printer
Printing and Scanning Help
http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/aboutgraphics/l/blsc
anning3.htm
Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device?

Speakers and headsets are common devices

Computer component that produces music, speech, or
other sounds
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Earphones
below Chapter 6
Speakers & Headsets
$ 5.00
$ 50.00
$ 149.00
Video: Wired Cellular Headsets
A guide to the best cellular headsets
low quality
(click to start)
high quality
(click to start)
Speakers and Headsets
What is voice output?


Computer talks to you through speakers on computer
Internet telephony allows you to have conversation
over Web
Other Output Devices


What is a facsimile (fax) machine?
Device that transmits and receives documents over
telephone lines
Other Output Devices
What is a fax modem?

Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic
documents as faxes
internal fax card
in system unit
external fax
modem
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 6,
Click Web Link from
left navigation, then
click Fax Modems
below Chapter 6
fax machine
Other Output Devices
What is a multifunction peripheral?

Multifunction Devices/Printers
provides functionality
of printer, scanner,
copy machine, and
fax machine
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Multifunction Peripherals
below Chapter 6
Other Output Devices
What is a data projector?

Device that takes image
from computer screen
and projects it onto
larger screen
Other Output Devices
What is force feedback?

Sends resistance to joystick or wheel in response to
actions of user
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Force Feedback Devices
below Chapter 6
Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the home user?
User
Monitor
Printer
Other
 17- or 19-inch
LCD monitor
 Ink-jet color
printer; or
 Photo printer
 Speakers
 Headset
 Force-feedback
joystick, wheel,
and/or gamepad
Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the small
office/home office user?
User
Monitor
Printer
Other
 19- or 21-inch
LCD monitor
 Color LCD
screen on Tablet
PC, PDA, or
smart phone
 Multifunction
peripheral; or
 Ink-jet color
printer; or
 Laser printer
(black-andwhite or color)
 Label printer
 Postage printer
 Fax machine
 Speakers
Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the
mobile user?
User
Monitor
Printer
Other
 15.7-inch color
LCD screen on
notebook
computer
 Color LCD
screen on Tablet
PC, PDA, or
smart phone
 Mobile color
printer
 Ink-jet color
printer; or
 Laser printer for
in-office use
(black-andwhite or color)
 Photo printer
 Fax modem
 Headphones or
earphones
 DLP data
projector
Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the power user?
User
Monitor
Printer
Other
 23-inch LCD
monitor
 Laser printer
(black-andwhite or color)
 Plotter or largeformat printer;
or
 Photo printer; or
 Dye-sublimation
printer
 Fax machine or
fax modem
 Speakers
 Headphones or
earphones
Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the large
business user?
User
Monitor
Printer
Other
 19- or 21-inch
LCD monitor
 Color LCD
screen on Tablet
PC, PDA, or
smart phone
 High-speed laser
printer
 Laser printer,
color
 Line printer (for
large reports
from a
mainframe)
 Label printer
 Fax machine or
fax modem
 Speakers
 Headphones or
earphones
 DLP data
projector
Output Devices for Physically
Challenged Users
What is the Magnifier command?

Windows Magnifier command
enlarges text
and other items
on screen
Output Devices for Physically
Challenged Users
What other output options are available for
visually impaired users?

Change Window settings,
such as increasing size or
changing color of text to
make words easier to read

Blind users can work with
voice output
Braille printer outputs
information in Braille
onto paper

Summary of Output
Flat-panel displays
Fax machines and fax modems
CRT monitors
Multifunction peripherals
Printers
Data projectors
Speakers, headphones, and earphones
Force feedback joysticks, wheels,
and gamepads
HOMEWORK - Chapter 6
Checkpoints - Page 333
Learn it Online #8 – Page 337
Case Study #3 – Page 341
(Prepare the Report Only)