Principles of
Ecology
Bio C2
Principles of Ecology
I.
Organisms and their Environment
A.
Sharing the world
1. Studying Nature
B.
What is ecology?
1. Definition of ecology
2. Ecological research
C. The Biosphere
Principles of Ecology
C. The Biosphere
1. Structure of the biosphere
2. The non-living environment
3. Living environment
II. Levels of Organization
Principles of Ecology
II.
Levels of
Organization
A. Populationgroup of same
species
interbreeding &
living together in
same place & time
Principles of Ecology
B. Communities- interacting populations
in a certain area at the same time.
Principles of Ecology
C. Ecosystems- interacting populations
and the communities’ abiotic factors.
Principles of Ecology
C. Ecosystems
Types
1. Terrestrial
2. Aquatic
a. Fresh
b. saltwater
3. Other Sites
Principles of Ecology
 An egret can be a
predator, prey, and a
mover of fish eggs and
seeds.
III.
Organisms in Ecosystems
habitat- place where organism lives
A. Niche- strategies & adaptations species
use to meet its needs. (Jobs they do)
Principles of Ecology
IV.
Survival
Relationships
A. PredatorPrey*
B. Mutualism*
C. Commensalism
D. Parasitism
The caterpillars have nectar
organs which ants drink
from, & acacia tolerates
feeding caterpillars. The
ants appear to provide
protection for both plant &
caterpillar.
Principles of Ecology
IV.
Survival
Relationships
C.
Commensalism
relationship between
two species where
one derives
benefit & the other
is unaffected
D. Parasitismtomato hornworm
with pupating
braconid wasps.
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Example:
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example:
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field meadow,
yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine
Other: Human Body, Buildings,
or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
Population
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
Population
Community
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
NOT one but
ALL these
things
interacting
together make
up an
ECOSYSTEM
Population
Community
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Includes living & nonliving things
organized within BIOMES into
the BIOSPHERE.
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
NOT one but
ALL these
things
interacting
together make
up an
ECOSYSTEM
Population
Community
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Includes living & nonliving things
organized within BIOMES into
the BIOSPHERE.
Organism Population
Community Ecosystem
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
NOT one but
ALL these
things
interacting
together make
up an
ECOSYSTEM
Population
Community
Non-Examples:
Ecosystem
Characteristics:
Definition:
Interactions among
populations in a community
(biotic) within the
community’s physical
surroundings (abiotic factors)
Includes living & nonliving things
organized within BIOMES into
the BIOSPHERE.
Organism Population
Community Ecosystem
Ecosystem
TYPES:
Terrestrial: forest, field
meadow, yard, rotting log
Aquatic: Freshwater or
Marine
Other: Human Body,
Buildings, or Food
Example: Mold growing in ceiling
tiles of a building causing allergies
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Organism
NOT one but
ALL these
things
interacting
together make
up an
ECOSYSTEM
Population
Community
Non-Examples:
2.2 Nutrition & Energy
Flow
I.
How Organisms get Energy
A. Producers- Autotrophs
B. Consumers- Heterotrophs
1.Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Scavengers
4. Omnivores
5. Decomposers
2.2 Nutrition & Energy
Flow
I.
How Organisms get Energy
A. Producers- Autotrophs
B. Consumers- Heterotrophs
1.Herbivores- eat plants
2. Carnivores- eat animals
3. Scavengers- eat carrion (dead)
4. Omnivores- eat both plant & animal
5. Decomposers- breakdown
compounds into molecules
Pyramid of Energy
Nutrition & Energy Flow
II.
Flow of Matter &
Energy in
Ecosystems
A. Food Chains
B. Food Webs
C. Ecological
pyramids
Food Chains
 Simple model
scientists use to
show how food &
energy move
through an
ecosystem.
Nutrition & Energy Flow
III. Cycles in Nature
A. Water Cycle
B. C Cycle
C. N Cycle
D. Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle