Standard 8
The student will explain the relationship
between growing north-south divisions and
westward expansion.
A
Frederick Douglass
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


He was born a slave in
Maryland.
At the age of 21, he
escaped to Massachusetts.
He then began his career
as one of the greatest
abolitionists in the history
of the U.S.
After the Civil War, he
became a proponent of
women’s rights and civil
rights for the freed slaves.
The Underground Railroad

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
A network of escape
routes that provided
protection and
transportation for slaves
fleeing north to freedom.
Estimates vary on the
number of slaves rescued,
from about 40,000 to
100,000.
A majority of the
conductors were African
American.
Turner’s Rebellion
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
Nat Turner, an African
American preacher, led a
violent uprising in
southeastern Virginia.
Up to 70 slaves killed 57
white people.
The rebels were eventually
captured and hung.
Crowds of frightened and
angry whites rioted,
slaughtering about a
hundred African Americans
who had had no part in the
revolt.
Slavery and the Rise of Tension
Fugitive Slave Law
 The new law called for
vigorous enforcement which
enflamed Northern sentiments
Literature
 “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet
Beecher Stowe was the most
influential novel of its day and
aroused the North
 The Impending Crisis of the
South was another anti-slavery
book that was banned in the
South
William Lloyd Garrison
Editor of The
Liberator , a major
abolitionist
publication
 Founded the
American AntiSlavery Society
 Worked closely
with Frederick
Douglass

Grimke Sisters


Quaker sisters who
traveled nation
preaching about evils
of slavery
Editorial in Garrison’s
The Liberator made
them nationally
famous abolitionists

What was the result of the slave rebellion
of Nat Turner?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Abolition
The Wilmot Proviso
The Missouri Compromise
Greater restrictions on slaves
B
The Missouri Compromise



The basic issue at stake was slavery.
Slavery would be permitted in the new state of Missouri but
not in the new state of Maine.
As the U.S. expanded westward, states north on 36º 30’ N
latitude would be free.
Effects of the Missouri
Compromise



The compromise did not
settle the issue of whether
slavery would be legal
while the lands to the west
were still territories.
Northerners wanted to
keep the territories free.
Southerners felt the
national government had
no right to tell free citizens
they could not take their
property to the territories if
they wanted to.

What restriction was placed on the
extension of slavery by the Missouri
Compromise?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It restricted slavery to the Northwest Territory.
With the exception of Georgia, it allowed slavery
throughout the South.
With the exception of Missouri, it restricted slavery
to below the 36˚ 30’ latitude line.
It restricted slavery to the Louisiana Territory.
C
States Rights and John C. Calhoun

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Remembering the Nullification Crisis under President
Jackson, South Carolina had advocated for the idea that
STATE governments should have the ability to NULLIFY
(or void) any FEDERAL law they wanted to.
This was led by Senator John C. Calhoun from SC who
feared the federal government would outlaw slavery.
This idea of “states rights” was founded on the principals
of limited Federal government per the Constitution
This helped lead to sectionalism, as the economic and
social interests of the North and South continued to drift
further and further apart.
D
The War with Mexico
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The border dispute with Mexico
erupted into war in 1846
President Polk offered to purchase
California and set the border at the
Rio Grande. Mexico rejected the
offer and countered with the
Nueces River, further North.
Polk sent General Zachary Taylor
to patrol the border near the Rio
Grande
A Mexican Army crossed and
captured an American patrol killing
11.
The War was a one-sided
American victory with General
Winfield Scott capturing Mexico
City in 1847
Consequences of the Mexican War:
 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
 Rio Grande as Southern Border
 California and New Mexico
territories transfer to U.S. for
$15 Million and assumption of
American claims against
Mexico
 Wilmot Proviso
 An amendment to abolish
slavery in the newly acquired
territory
 Prelude to Civil War?
 Wilmot was seen as raising the
stakes for the slavery issue and
sparking sectional tension
anew
Conflict in the Territories
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The defeat of the Wilmot Proviso left deep a sectional schism
It also left the Union without a solution to the issue of slavery in the
territories
This left three competing ideas on resolution:
 The Free-Soilers
 The Southern View
 Popular Sovereignty
The Three Positions
Free Soil Movement
 Northern Democrats and Whigs support Wilmot
 This would have NO BLACKS, free or slave in the Mexican Cession
 Favored this approach because they didn’t want to compete for jobs
 They also advocated free homesteads and internal improvements
The Southern View
 Most southerners felt any restriction of slavery was a violation of
their Constitutional rights
 Moderate Southerners saw the Missouri Compromise line as
acceptable
Popular Sovereignty
 This was the idea that the residents of a particular territory would
vote on whether slavery was allowed
E
The Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay Presented it:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Congress would admit California as a free state.
The people of the territories of New Mexico and Utah
would decide for themselves whether slavery would be
legal.
Congress would abolish the sale of enslaved people in
Washington D.C.
Slavery itself would remain legal in Washington D.C.
A Fugitive Slave Act would order citizens of the US to
assist in the return of enslaved people who had
escaped from their owners.

It would also deny a jury trial to escaped slaves.

The Compromise of 1850 conflicted with
the Missouri Compromise because
A.
B.
C.
D.
It restricted slavery to states below the Mason-Dixon
line.
It assured that Congress would maintain a balance
of free and slave states.
It allowed states to determine their slave status.
It called for an end to slavery by the beginning of the
20th century.

What did the Missouri Compromise and
the Compromise of 1850 maintain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Power in Congress between free and slave
states
The supremacy of the U.S. Constitution
Popular sovereignty in southern and
northern states
The continued enslavement of African
Americans
Page 318: 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 16, and 17
 Page 356: 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, and 12
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You do not need to write out the questions.