AQ Structure of the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Study Guide
Draw the inner structure of the mitochondria and label the following until you
can do it from memory:
inner membrane
outer membrane
cristae
matrix
Define convoluted: Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled
What is the shape of the inner membrane?
It is highly convoluted.
Draw chloroplasts and label the
following until you can do it from
memory:
inner membrane
outer membrane
matrix
stoma
thylakoid (contains chlorophyll)
intermembrane space
granum/grana (inside stroma)
What is a thylakoid?
Thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts, containing chlorophyll. That
is where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. They often form into stacks of
disks. These stacks are called grana. (granum=singular)
What is stroma?
Stroma is the structure which joins granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.
What is a lipid? A lipid is a fatty or waxy organic compound that dissolves in
in non-polar solvent like rubbing alcohol, but not in a polar-solvent like water.
What are the main jobs of a lipid? Its main jobs are: storing energy, being part of
a cell membrane and helping with cell signaling.
What is a phospholipid?
A lipid with one or more phosphate groups attached to it.
Draw and label a phospholipids bi-layer
What is a phospholipid bi-layer?
Two layers of phospholipids are arranged with their hydrophobic tails are
projecting inwards and their polar head groups are projecting on the outside
surfaces.
Where are two places that phospholipid bi-layers can be found?
Phospholipid bi-layers can be found in the inner and outer membranes of the
mitochondria of many animal and plant cells.
What is ATPase?
They are a group of enzymes that begin the process of decomposing ATP in ADP
plus a free phosphate ion. This process releases energy which the ATPase uses to
start up (catalyze) other chemical reactions.
Where is one place that ATPase can be found?
In the inner membrane of the mitochondrion