Drugs and its
Effect on One’s
Behavior
9th grade health
Neurons
• Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals
which transmit signals from a neuron to a
target cell across the synapse.
• Major neurotransmitters:
▫ glutamate, aspartame
▫ Monoamines: dopamine (DA), epinephrine (adren
aline), serotonin, acetylcholine, adenosine, nitric
oxide.
What are drugs?
• Drugs are substances that are used to treat or
prevent diseases. They are also used to relieve
pains, to help control mental or physical
ailments, and even to help diagnose illnesses.
Drug Vocab
• Tolerance
▫ Body becomes accustomed to drug and causes the
user to experience a need for more and more drug
to achieve the desired effect or high.
• Psychological Dependence
▫ A condition that occurs overtime and causes user
to believe that drug is needed in order to feel good
or function normally.
Classification of Drugs
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Prescription
Marijuana and THC
Inhalants
Steroids
Psychoactive
“Club Drugs”/ “concert Drugs”
Stimulants
Depressants
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
COCAINE
SHORT TERM EFFECTS:
• Increased blood pressure
• Constricted blood vessels
• Dilated pupils
• Mental alertness
• Increased energy
• Increased heart rate
• Decreased appetite
• Increased temperature
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
COCAINE
LONG TERM EFFECTS (Physiological):
• heart disease
• heart attacks
• respiratory failure
• stroke
• seizures
• gastrointestinal problems
• PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS:
convulsions, nausea, blurred vision, chest pain, fever,
muscle spasms, and coma.
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
COCAINE
LONG TERM EFFECTS (Psychological):
• Addiction
• Paranoia
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Auditory hallucinations
• Mood disturbances
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
ECSTACY
SHORT TERM EFFECTS:
• Confusion
• Sleep problems
• Anxiety
• Teeth clenching
• Addiction
• Paranoia
• Nausea
• Chills and sweating
• Panic, depression,
and paranoia.
• Sleep problems
• Reduced appetite
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
ECSTACY
LONG TERM EFFECTS:
• Dehydration
• Hypertension
• Hyperthermia
• Heart failure
• Kidney failure
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
MARIJUANA
SHORT TERM EFFECTS:
• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch)
• Problems with memory and learning
• Loss of coordination
• Trouble with thinking and problem-solving
• Increased heart rate
• reduced blood pressure
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
MARIJUANA
LONG TERM EFFECTS:
• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Impaired memory
• Disorientation
• Daily cough and phlegm production
• More frequent acute chest illnesses
• Increased risk of lung infections
• Obstructed airways
Marijuana
• Delta-9 TetraHydroCannabinol (THC )
-extracted from the Cannabis Sativa plant
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
HEROIN
LONG TERM EFFECTS:
• Slurred speech
• Slow gait
• Constricted pupils
• Increased risk of
exposure to HIV,
• Droopy eyelids
hepatitis, and other
• Impaired night vision
• Respiratory depression or infectious
diseases if injected.
failure
• Dry itching skin
• Skin infections
Effects of
ALCOHOL:
In LOW DOSES, alcohol produces:
• a relaxing effect
• reduces tension
• lowers inhibitions
• impairs concentration
• slows reflexes
• impairs reaction time
• reduces coordination
Effects of
ALCOHOL:
In MEDIUM DOSES, alcohol produces:
• slur speech
• cause drowsiness
• alter emotions
In HIGH DOSES, alcohol produces:
• vomiting
• breathing difficulties
• unconsciousness
• coma
Effects of
ALCOHOL:
Effects of
NICOTINE:
• Tobacco contains nicotine. Nicotine is a drug.
Therefore, when people smoke or chew tobacco,
they are using a drug.
Smoking can be stimulating or relaxing - it depends
on a person's mood and dosage of nicotine.
The rapid effects of nicotine include:
• Increases in blood pressure and heart rate
• Faster respiration
• Constriction of arteries
• Stimulation of the central nervous system.
Effects of
NICOTINE:
Long Term Effects:
• increases the chances of cancer and results in
addiction and dependence.
It is clear though, that nicotine is one of the most
addicting substances known...just ask anyone who has
tried to quit smoking.
Common withdrawal symptoms in people who are
trying to "kick the habit" of tobacco include:
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Headaches
• Fatigue
Effects of
HEALTHY
LUNGS
NICOTINE:
UNHEALTHY LUNGS
Effects of
CAFFEINE:
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. In
moderate doses, caffeine can:
• increase alertness
• reduce fine motor coordination
• cause insomnia
• cause headaches, nervousness and dizziness
Effects of
CAFFEINE:
• Some studies show that caffeine causes physical
dependence. One way to tell if someone "needs" that
cup of coffee or bottle of Coke is to take it away from
them and then see if they have any withdrawal
symptoms. Typical withdrawal symptoms associated
with caffeine are headache, fatigue and muscle pain.
These symptoms can occur within 24 hours after the
last dose of caffeine. One study has stated that the
minimum consumption of caffeine for physical
dependence is 4 cups of coffee per day. Other
studies say that a few more cups of coffee are needed
to develop dependence.
Ingredients of Drugs:
Methamphetamine
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Matches
hydrochloric acid
Iodine
Drano
Brake fluid
Ephedrine
Butane
Sodium hydroxide
• Ether
• Anyhdrous ammonia
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
SHABU
SHORT TERM EFFECTS:
• Heightened attention and • Increased respiration
energy
• Hyperthermia,
• Excessive talking
occasionally leading to
convulsions and lethal
• Euphoria
levels.
• Decreased fatigue
• Increased activity
• Increased sexuality
• Decreased appetite
Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:
SHABU
LONG TERM EFFECTS:
• Repetitive motor activity
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Dependence
Anxiety
Confusion
insomnia
Addiction
psychosis
Paranoia
Hallucinations (visual and
auditory)
• Mood disturbances
• Stroke
• Weight loss
• Violent behavior (homicidal
or suicidal thoughts)
• Disturbed sleep patterns
• decreased sleep needs
• Disinterest in usual social
interactions, sex and food
• Inflammation of the heart
lining
Inhalants
• Volatile Solvents
-paint thinner, dry-cleaning fluids, degreasers,
gasoline, glue, correction fluid, and felt-tip
marker fluid.
• Aerosol
-spray paint, deodorant, hair spray, vegetable oil
spray for cooking, and fabric protector spray.
• Gases
- ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous
oxide, commonly called "laughing gas.“
• Nitrites
- cyclohexyl nitrite, isoamyl (amyl) nitrite, and
isobutyl (butyl) nitrite.
Cocaine
• Coca leaf
-cocaine hydrochloride
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Cement
Ammonia
Calcium oxide
Sulphuric acid
Petrol
• Other chemicals that are mixed together to
process the coca leaves:
- Succindialdehyde, sulfuric acid, sodium nitrite,
Ba carbonate, lots of ethanol, distilled pyrrole,
hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous
sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide,
dimethylcarbonate, ammonium chloride,
chloroform, potassium carbonate, methyl
acetate, NaOH solution, HCl acid, benzoic
anhydride.
Heroin
• Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum
-morphine
• Substances that are cut with Heroin:
Acetaminophen (Analgesic)
Aminopyrine (Anti-inflammatory)
Amitryptaline (Anti-depressant)
Antipyrine (Body water measurement)
Benzoczine (Anesthetic)
Caffeine (Stimulant)
Cocaine (Stimulant)
d-metamphetamine
(Stimulant)
Diphenhydramine (Antihistamine)
Ephedrine (Stimulant)
Lidocaine (Anesthetic)
Hydroxyzine (Anxiety
medication)
Methylparben (Chemical
preservative)
Methocarbamol (Muscle
relaxant)
Nabumetone (Arthritis
treatment)
Nicotinamide
(Coenzyme)
Phenylbutazone (Antiinflammant)
Phenylpropanlamine
(Dexatrim / caffeine)
Potassiumchloride
(Potassium supplement
Rocaine (Local
anesthetic)
• Other non-addictive ingredients of Heroin:
-lactose, milk sugar, sucrose, cellulose,
mannitol and other inert ingredients
MDMA
(Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
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amphetamine (speed)
LSD (acid)
Caffeine
Ephedrine
Ketamine
Atropine
• 4-MTA (4methylthioamphetamine)
• DXM
(Dextromethorphan)
Neurons
• Drugs targeting the neurotransmitter
of such systems affect the whole
system; this fact explains the
complexity of action of some drugs.
How we get addicted to drugs:
• The master brain chemical of addiction
• Dopamine
-transmits all of the pleasure signals
• Drugs modify activity of various brain
chemicals that cross pathways in the
brain; dopamine could be the end result
of all the pathways
• Dopamine overload (esp. feelings of
euphoria and bliss)
• Craving behavior response can motivate
substance abuse
• When drug addict attempts to stop using
the drugs will demand more of the drug to
produce metabolites
• Drug addict is caught in a trap
• Appears inescapable unless an effective
drug addiction treatment handles the
condition.
Neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine
It is responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles,
including the muscles of the gastro-intestinal system. It is
also found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic
nervous system, and has a part in scheduling REM
(dream) sleep.
• Dopamine
Dopamine has been found to have relatively little to do
with the pleasures of eating. Drugs like cocaine, opium,
heroin, and alcohol increase the levels of dopamine, as
does nicotine.
• Endorphin
It is involved in pain reduction and pleasure, and the
opioid drugs work by attaching to endorphin's receptor
sites. It is also the neurotransmitter that allows bears and
other animals to hibernate.
• Serotonin
Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
that has been found to be intimately involved in
emotion and mood. Too little serotonin has
been shown to lead to depression, problems
with anger control, obsessive-compulsive
disorder, and suicide. Too little also leads to an
increased appetite for carbohydrates (starchy
foods) and trouble sleeping, which are also
associated with depression and other emotional
disorders. Serotonin also plays a role in
perception.
Drugs
Drug use:
Effects of
drug use:
Smoking
Alcohol
F amily
• Be involved and open with your
family!
• Though adolescence stage can be a
shaky stage between teens and their
parents, it's very important to
maintain your communication and
connection with them.
• Family involvement can help you
handle temptations to use alcohol,
cigarettes and drugs that you might
encounter.
• How’s your relationship with your
family?
F riends
• Now, think of your friends.
• Think of the activities that you do
together.
• Are these activities beneficial to you
or not?
• What kind of friends do you have?
• Teens would most likely try using
drugs when they're around other
teens who take drugs.
• Peer pressure; but with the right kind
of friends, it's most likely that you will
not encounter such.
• Our friends can have the greatest
influence in our choices, the way we
think and in our activities.
• Choose your friends!
P assion
• Be active. Know your passions and do
them!
• Find alternatives. Some teens use drugs
because of boredom and it's something to
do.
• Think of your talents, skills and abilities.
• Are they being used and developed?
• What can you do to improve on your
abilities?
• Get involved in other activities.
-Join co-curricular organizations.
-Varsity teams, extra-curricular
organizations (dance, singing and theater
organizations)
• Involvement in these organizations will
not only keep you busy but will also help
you develop your personality, talents and
skills.
• Find your passion and do it!
G oals
• Set your GOALS!
-Do you have goals in your life?
-(Family, Academics, Others..)
-What are they?
-Write them down!
• Goals can serve as motivations to be busy
and to stay committed towards their
accomplishment!
• Goals will keep you focused in attaining
them, minimizing the possibilities of being
distracted along the way.
• Set your goals, move and work for them!
A wareness
• The key is awareness!
• Research more on the effects of drug
addiction on your physical and mental
state.
• You'll gain knowledge that will help you
decide about this matter in the future.
• Be aware and keep learning!
S hare
• SHARE WHAT YOU'VE LEARNED!
• Talk and discuss the information that you have
gained to your classmates and friends!
• Form a group among your peers which will aim
to educate people about drugs, drug addiction
and its effects.
• Be concerned and responsible. Be an agent of
drug usage prevention. Share your knowledge,
time and talents!
FF P GAS
• F AMILY
• F RIENDS
• P ASSIONS
• G OALS
• A WARENESS
• S HARE
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