Teaching: This is my sixth year teaching at RIT. I have taught multiple sections of 4 traditional courses as well as guided several teams through Multi-Disciplinary Senior Design. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Contemporary Issues in Bioengineering Biomedical Device Engineering CFD Applications In the past, I used this page as a repository for class material, handouts, etc. Because we recently put everything into a managed database called myCourses, there's little left to put here. Current students, please refer to the myCourses website for posted material, grades, etc. Research: My research applies methods in experimental and computational fluid mechanics to a wide range of applied and biological flows. I plan to continue work on these and other projects that involve the application of engineering methods to complex biological systems and that bring together scientists and engineers from varied disciplines. Please email me if you're interested in working in my lab, collaborating, or just talking. steven.day@rit.edu A Brief description of the following projects is below: Magnetically Levitated Implantable Blood Pump Suction Feeding in Fish Numerical Modeling of Cardiovascular Devices Optical Methods in Studying Applied Fluid Flows Magnetically Levitated Implantable Blood Pump Clinical results have demonstrated that the use of rotary pumps as assist devices is effective in maintaining normal physiological conditions in the patient. All rotary pumps approved for clinical use have some type of mechanical bearings and considerable design effort has been put into designing these bearings to reduce mechanical wear and to reduce hemolysis in pumps with mechanical bearings. Nonetheless, there are recently published reports of large trials of 2nd generation devices (rotary pumps using mechanical bearings) that show improved survival and decreased thromboembolic complications as compared with pulsatile devices. Unfortunately, several recent studies have associated increased incidence of hematological events with rotary pumps as compared to pulsatile pumps. Our group is tasked with the design, development and testing of novel implantable blood pump that has an extremenly simple and clean flow path and and impeller completely supported by magnetic bearings. Our team, including the Utah Artifical Heart Institute and collaborating physician from the Mayo Clinic, has been interested in the superiority of a single flow path axial flow magnetically levitated pump design for many years. Our pump, aka LEV-VAD, addresses this significant short-coming of existing devices by demonstrating a unique design that has an optimally simple flow path and ultra-low shear stresses (<40Pa), due to very large fluid gaps (500 um) everywhere between the impeller and housing. This idealized axial flow pump has a simple, unobstructed single blood flow path and novel hybrid magnetic bearings that overcome the strong axial forces on the impeller without compromising the idealized flow path. We are happy to say that we've fabricated several functional prototypes and are currently performing chronic animal testing with the device sponsored by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Figure above: Photograph of plastic prototype of our LEV-VAD pump as compared to Thoratec HeartMate II, the most commonly implanted rotary type pump. Suction Feeding in Fish Beginning in 2003, I am collaborating with Peter Wainwright's lab at University of California, Davis on a series of studies involving the complex application of fluid dynamics to suction feeding in fish. Most fish feed by rapidly expanding the mouth with some complex biomechanics. This expansion simultaneously generates negative pressure within the mouth and a flow field external to its head that draws prey towards the mouth. Most of my work has focused on the fluid mechanics of this feeding and have measured fluid speeds in different species of fish with PIV and pressures within the mouth cavity. Moving forward, I'd like to study the complex biomechanical motion. Although the musculo-skeletal system in a typical fish skull involves more than 30 moving bones and two dozen muscles that move in a complex 3-dimensional manner, even the most sophisticated existing models are based on 2-dimensional linkages and simple levers. Currently, there are some reasonable heuristic explanations of how muscle forces translate into dorso-ventral and lateral expansion of the mouth and anterior movement of jaw, but these models are not exceptionally quantitative or predictive. The modeling of dynamic multi-component structures is well-developed in engineering and physics and specific tools have been developed to do this efficiently and accurately using computers. Figure above: Sample video of a bluegill sunfish feeding on a shrimp. The flow is visualized by seeding the tank with neutrally buoyant particles which are illuminated by a laser sheet. The raw images shown in this video were then analyzed with a PIV (particle image velocimetry) algorithm for quantitative time dependent measurements of fluid speed. Computational Models of Cardiovascular Devices Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a technique routinely used to develop and prototype bloodcontacting medical devices, such as prosthetic heart valves and ventricular assist devices. CFD results, although not required, are also being used by some manufacturers to help demonstrate safety and efficacy as part of their pre-market device submissions to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA). Currently, computational methods can be used to simulate both the solid and the fluid mechanics of a device, the transport of blood elements, and the transport and chemical reactions of molecular species. New computational methods are being developed to calculate levels of hemolysis and thrombosis from the local fluid dynamics derived from simulation, using a variety of mathematical methods. The advantages of computational studies are that they can provide insight into device performance without having to produce costly prototypes, provide data in regions in which experimental data may not be easy to obtain, and can provide data on immeasurable physical quantities. Moreover, with increasing simulation speeds and computational capabilities, CFD methods can be used to evaluate a wide range of physiologic and design parameters and can potentially reduce the extent of animal testing and clinical trials. However, the use of CFD to demonstrate product safety in FDA premarket device applications and postmarket investigations has not been adequately or systematically validated. This is especially important in the prediction of biological responses (e.g., blood damage and thrombus formation) based on the purely physical results (e.g., pressures, velocities, shear stresses) of the simulations. We initiated a collaborative project to determine the current state and limitations of CFD modeling, and blood damage estimations, as applied to medical devices. The project is part of the FDA’s “Critical Path Initiative” program, which is a "national strategy for driving innovation to modernize the sciences through which FDA-regulated products are developed, evaluated, manufactured, and used". In essence, the goal of our project is to work with the medical device community to improve the use and validation of CFD techniques in medical device evaluation to foster the development of better and safer products and technologies. Application of Optical Methods to Biological Fluid Flows Students: The following people are (or were) part of my group at RIT. mailto:jcp9244@rit.eduJonathan Peyton Alex Ship Jay Wheaton The following people completed theses in my group at RIT. mni ng Shanbao - Postdoctoral Fellow through 2011 - currently PostDoc at MIT na Myagmar - M.S. 2011 - currently Analytical Engineer at Atlas Copco Comptec k Olles - Postdoctoral Fellow - currently on faculty at RPI avid Gomez - M.S. 2010 - currently PhD candidate at University of Utah hew Giarra - M.S. 2009 - currently PhD candidate at Virginia Tech s Cezo - M.S. 2009 - currently PhD candidate at UC Boulder Khare - M.S. 2009 Slevar - M.S. 2007 - gainfully employed at Publications: S. Cheng, A.F. Burger, M.W. Olles, and S.W. Day (2011) "Optimization of a hybrid magnetic bearing for a magnetically levitated blood pump via 3-D Finite Element Analysis." Mechatronics, In Press, August 2011. P. Hariharan, M. Giarra, V. Reddy, S.W. Day, K.B. Manning, S. Deutsch, S.F.C. Stewart, M.R. Myers, M.R. Berman, G.W. Burgreen, E.G. Paterson, and R.A. Malinauskas (2011) “Multilaboratory Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis of the FDA Benchmark Nozzle Model to Support Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations,” ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 133, 2011, pp. 041002 1-14 online. S. Cheng, M.W. Olles, D.B. Olsen, L.D. Joyce, and S.W. Day (2010) “Miniaturization of a Magnetically Levitated Axial Flow Blood Pump.” Artificial Organs, vol. 34, 2010, p. 807–815. Oakes, J. M., S. Day, S. J. Weinstein, R. J. Robinson (2010) “Flow field analysis in expanding healthy and emphysematous alveolar models using particle image velocimetry.” ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 132 Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day R. S. Mehta and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Jaw protrusion enhances forces exerted on prey by suction feeding fishes.” Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 5: 1445-1457. Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Integrating the determinants of suction feeding performance in centrachid fishes.” Journal of Experimental Biology. 211: 3296-3305. Holzman, R., D. C. Collar, S. W. Day, K. L. Bishop and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Scaling of suctioninduced flows in bluegill: morphological and kinematic predictors for the ontogeny of feeding performance” Journal of Experimental Biology. 16: 2658-2668. Day, S. W., T. E. Higham and P. C. Wainwright (2007) “Time resolved measurements of the flow generated by suction feeding fish.” Experiments in Fluids. 43(5): 713-724. Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2007). “Timing is everything: coordination of strike kinematics affects the force exerted by suction feeding fish on attached prey.” Journal of Experimental Biology. 210: 3328-3336. Wainwright, P. C., A. M. Carroll, D. C. Collar, S. W. Day, T. E. Higham and R. A. Holzman (2007). “Suction feeding mechanics, performance, and diversity in fishes.” Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47(1): 96-106. Wainwright, P.C and S. W. Day. (2007) "The forces exerted by aquatic suction feeders on their prey." Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 4(14): 553-560 Higham, T. E., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2006). "Multidimensional analysis of suction feeding performance in fishes: Fluid speed, acceleration, strike accuracy and the ingested volume of water." J Exp Biol 209(14): 2713-2725. Untaroiu, A., H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, A. L. Throckmorton, S. Day, S. M. Patel, P. Ellman, C. Tribble and D. B. Olsen (2005). "Computational design and experimental testing of a novel axial flow lvad." ASAIO Journal 51(6): 702-710. Day, S. W., T. E. Higham, A. Y. Cheer and P. C. Wainwright (2005). "Spatial and temporal patterns of water flow generated by suction-feeding bluegill sunfish lepomis macrochirus resolved by particle image velocimetry." Journal of Experimental Biology 208(14): 2661-2671. Higham, T. E., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2005). "Sucking while swimming: Evaluating the effects of ram speed on suction generation in bluegill sunfish lepomis macrochirus using digital particle image velocimetry." Journal of Experimental Biology 208(14): 2653-2660. Day, S. W. and J. C. McDaniel (2005). "PIV measurements of flow in a centrifugal blood pump: Steady flow." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of The ASME 127(2): 244-253. Day, S. W. and J. C. McDaniel (2005). "PIV measurements of flow in a centrifugal blood pump: Timevarying flow." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of The ASME 127(2): 254-263. Song, X. W., A. Untaroiu, H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, A. L. Throckmorton, S. W. Day and D. B. Olsen (2004). "Design and transient computational fluid dynamics study of a continuous axial flow ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 50(3): 215-224. Throckmorton, A. L., H. G. Wood, S. W. Day, X. Song, P. C. Click, P. E. Allaire and D. B. Olsen (2003). "Design of a continuous flow centrifugal pediatric ventricular assist device." International Journal of Artificial Organs 26(11): 1015-1031. Curtas, A. R., H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, J. C. McDaniel, S. W. Day and D. B. Olsen (2002). "Computational fluid dynamics modeling of impeller designs for the HeartQuest left ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 48(5): 552-561. Day, S. W., J. C. McDaniel, H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, N. Landrot and A. Curtas (2001). "Particle image velocimetry measurements of blood velocity in a continuous flow ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 47(4): 406-411. Goyne, C. P., J. C. McDaniel, T. M. Quagliaroli, R. H. Krauss and S. W. Day (2001). "Dual-mode combustion of hydrogen in a mach 5, continuous-flow facility." Journal of Propulsion And Power 17(6): 1313-1318. Refereed Conference Proceedings Cheng, S.X., S.W.Day “Design and Control of Hybrid Magnetic Bearings for Maglev Axial Flow Blood Pump” Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, July 6-9, 2010, Montreal, Canada. Cheek, C.D., S.W. Day “Evaluation of a numerical thrombosis model for a high shear rotating flow” Proceedings of the 6th International ASME Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, June 23-25, 2008, Darmstadt, Germany Fountain, T.W.., S.W. Day “Design and particle image velocimetry investigation of a turbulent mini-jet hemolysis testing aparatus” 2 page, peer reviewed extended abstract in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, ICNMM2008, n PART B, p 1931-1933, June 23-25, 2008, Darmstadt, Germany Day, S. W. “Blood flow through channels and clearances in implantable blood pumps” Keynote Paper. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. Puebla, Mexico. June 18-20, 2007. SW Day, P Lemire, RD Flack, JC McDaniel, "Effect of Reynolds Number on Performance of a Small Centrifugal Pump. Accepted to 4 th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, July 6-10, 2003 SW Day, JC McDaniel, PP Lemire, HG Wood, "Measurements of mean velocity and turbulent statistics in a centrifugal blood pump". Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Advances in Bioengineering, vol. 54. November 17-22, 2002 New Orleans , LA. 2 page, peer reviewed extended abstract. PP Lemire, SW Day, JC McDaniel, HG Wood, "A quantitative oil dot streak method for measuring near-wall shear stresses applied to the HeartQuest maglev LVAD" Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Advances in Bioengineering, vol. 54. November 17-22, 2002 New Orleans , LA. 2 page, peer reviewed extended abstract. CP Goyne, JC McDaniel, RH Krauss, and SW Day, "Velocity measurements in a dualmode supersonic combustor using Particle Image Velocimetry," presented at 10th International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, 2001. SW Day, JC McDaniel, HG Wood, PE Allaire, XSong, PP Lemire, S Miles "A prototype HeartQuest TM ventricular assist device for particle image velocimetry measurements." Artificial Organs, 26(11) 1002-1005 November 2002. 9 th congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps. PP Lemire, JC McDaniel, HG Wood, PE Allaire, N Landrot, X Song, SW Day, and D Olsen, "The application of quantitative oil streaking to the HeartQuest LVAD" Artificial Organs , 26(11) 971-973 November 2002. 9th congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps. X Song, HG Wood, SW Day, DB Olsen, "Studies of turbulence models in a computational fluids dynamics model of a blood pump" Artificial Organs, 27(10) 935937 October 2003. 10 th congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps. Presentations (review of abstract only) Failure Analysis and Fault Tolerance of a Mag-Lev Blood pump. S.W. Day, S. Cheng, L.D. Joyce, D.B. Olsen. ASAIO 57th Annual Conference, Washington D.C. 2011. Poster Presentation Self Sensing Magnetic Bearings for Mag-Lev Blood Pumps. S. Cheng, S.W. Day. ASAIO 57th Annual Conference, Washington D.C. 2011. Slide Presentation Fluidic Performance via Intrinsic Parameters of a Magnetically Levitated Axial Flow. VAD, S.W. Day, S. Cheng, L.D. Joyce, D.B. Olsen. ASAIO 57th Annual Conference, Washington D.C. 2011. Poster Presentation Turbulence Modeling as a Source of Error In FDA’s "Critical Path" Interlaboratory Computational Study Of Flow In A Nozzle Model. Sandy F.C. Stewart, Eric G. Paterson, Greg W. Burgreen, Prasanna Hariharan, Steven W. Day, Varun Reddy, Matthew Giarra, Keefe B. Manning, Steven Deutsch, Matthew R. Myers, Michael R. Berman, Richard A. Malinauskas ASAIO 56th annual conference, Baltimore, MD, May 27-19, 2010. Poster Presentation Fluidic Performance via Intrinsic Parameters of a Magnetically Levitated Axial Flow VAD. Mark W. Olles, Arnold D Gomez, Don B Olsen, Steven W Day. ASAIO 56th annual conference, Baltimore, MD, May 27-19, 2010. Slide Presentation Acute Animal Experiments of a Magnetically Levitated Axial Flow VAD. Steven W Day, PhD, Mark W Olles, PhD, Shanbao Cheng, PhD, Arnold D Gomez, BS, Ronald W Kipp, BS, Lyle D Joyce, MD, PhD, Don B Olsen, DVM at ASAIO 56th annual conference, Baltimore, MD, May 27-19, 2010. Slide Presentation Novel Transaortic Double Barrel Ventricular Cannula. J.D. Cezo and. S.W. Day. 2009 ASME Design of Medical Devices Conference. Minneapolis, MN. Poster Presentation Diamagnetic Effects of Blood in a Magnetically Levitated Blood Pump. A.D. Gomez and. S.W. Day. 2009 ASME Design of Medical Devices Conference. Minneapolis, MN. Poster Presentation Preliminary Results of FDA’s "CRITICAL PATH" Project to Validate Computational Fluid Dynamic Methods used in Medical Device Evaluation. ASAIO 55th annual conference, 2009, Dallas, TX. S.F.C. Stewart, S.W. Day, G.W. Burgreen, E.G. Paterson, K.B. Manning, P.Hariharan, S.Deutsch, M.Giarra, C.Cheek, V.Reddy, M.R. Berman, M.R. Myers, R.A. Malinauskas. Poster Presentation New Magnetically Suspended Ventricular Assist Device. LEV-VAD ASAIO 54th Annual Conference, 2008. SW Day, RW Kipp and DB Olsen. Poster Presentation. Establishment and Comparison of non-InvansiveMeasurement Techiniques for Pressure rise and Flow Rate in a magnetically levitated VAD. ASAIO 54th Annual Conference, 2008. A Khare and SW Day. Poster Presentation. Experimental Study of the Hemolytic Effects of Viscous Stresses induced by the Dissipation of Turbulent Energy. ASAIO 54th Annual Conference, 2008. T Fountain and SW Day. Poster Presentation. Computational Modeling of Thrombogenesis within a simplified rotary flow. ASAIO 54th Annual Conference, 2008. CD Cheek and SW Day. Poster Presentation. Comparison of blood damage predictions from empirical measurements and computations to in vitro and in vivo observations in a centrifugal blood pump ASAIO 52nd Annual Conference, June 8-10, 2006. SW Day et al. Poster Presentation Measurements of the Pulsed Flow in a Blood Pump ASAIO Annual Conference, June 1921, 2003 . SW Day et al. Poster Presentation Experimental Measurements of Pump Performance in Support of Pump Design ASAIO Annual Conference, June 19-21, 2003 . SW Day et al. Slide Presentation Optical Measurements of Blood Velocity in a Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device . ASAIO Annual Conference, June 28- July 1, 2000 . SW Day et al. Poster Presentation Measurement of Fluid Force Exerted on Impeller in Centrifugal Blood Pump . 8 th Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Aachen . 8th Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Aachen , Germany , September 6-9, 2000 SW Day, et al. Slide Presentation Measurements of Local Static Pressures in the HeartQuestt Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device . 8 th Congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Aachen . SW Day, et al. Poster Presentation A Prototype HeartQuest TM LVAD for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements. 9 th congress of the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Seattle. SW Day, et al. Slide Presentation Patents RJ VanHouten, SW Day "Dedicated Alternator Cooling System for Automotive Vehicles" U.S. Patent 5,957,663, September 28, 1999 H.G. Wood, P.E. Allaire, D.B. Olsen, S.W. Day, Xinwei Song, A. Untaroiu, and A. Throckmorton, "Streamlined unobstructed one-pass axial-flow pump," US Patent No. 7,229,258, vol. June 12, 2007. R.W. Kipp, S.W. Day, and D.B. Olsen, "Permanent Magnet or Permanent Magnet Array having Uniform Flux Density," USPatent Application No. 12/169,435, vol. July 8, 2008. Links: RIT Department of Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Option within ME at RIT Computational Fluid Dynamics: An FDA Critical Path Initiative Peter Wainwright's Lab at UC Davis Houston Wood from the UVa heart pump group interviewed on NPR Jim Cezo speaks on YouTube "Fluids are Fun" exhibit from Imagine RIT Balloon drops from Imagine RIT Grand Canyon Rescue Episode ome assorted links Publications and Presentations Peer Reviewed Journal Publications S. Cheng, A.F. Burger, M.W. Olles, and S.W. Day (2011) "Optimization of a hybrid magnetic bearing for a magnetically levitated blood pump via 3-D Finite Element Analysis." Mechatronics, In Press, August 2011. P. Hariharan, M. Giarra, V. Reddy, S.W. Day, K.B. Manning, S. Deutsch, S.F.C. Stewart, M.R. Myers, M.R. Berman, G.W. Burgreen, E.G. Paterson, and R.A. Malinauskas (2011) “Multilaboratory Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis of the FDA Benchmark Nozzle Model to Support Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations,” ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 133, 2011, pp. 041002 1-14 online. S. Cheng, M.W. Olles, D.B. Olsen, L.D. Joyce, and S.W. Day (2010) “Miniaturization of a Magnetically Levitated Axial Flow Blood Pump.” Artificial Organs, vol. 34, 2010, p. 807–815. Oakes, J. M., S. Day, S. J. Weinstein, R. J. Robinson (2010) “Flow field analysis in expanding healthy and emphysematous alveolar models using particle image velocimetry.” ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 132 Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day R. S. Mehta and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Jaw protrusion enhances forces exerted on prey by suction feeding fishes.” Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 5: 1445-1457. Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Integrating the determinants of suction feeding performance in centrachid fishes.” Journal of Experimental Biology. 211: 3296-3305. Holzman, R., D. C. Collar, S. W. Day, K. L. Bishop and P. C. Wainwright (2008) “Scaling of suction-induced flows in bluegill: morphological and kinematic predictors for the ontogeny of feeding performance” Journal of Experimental Biology. 16: 2658-2668. Day, S. W., T. E. Higham and P. C. Wainwright (2007) “Time resolved measurements of the flow generated by suction feeding fish.” Experiments in Fluids. 43(5): 713-724. Holzman, R. A., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2007). “Timing is everything: coordination of strike kinematics affects the force exerted by suction feeding fish on attached prey.” Journal of Experimental Biology. 210: 3328-3336. Wainwright, P. C., A. M. Carroll, D. C. Collar, S. W. Day, T. E. Higham and R. A. Holzman (2007). “Suction feeding mechanics, performance, and diversity in fishes.” Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47(1): 96-106. Wainwright, P.C and S. W. Day. (2007) "The forces exerted by aquatic suction feeders on their prey." Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 4(14): 553-560 Higham, T. E., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2006). "Multidimensional analysis of suction feeding performance in fishes: Fluid speed, acceleration, strike accuracy and the ingested volume of water." J Exp Biol 209(14): 2713-2725. Untaroiu, A., H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, A. L. Throckmorton, S. Day, S. M. Patel, P. Ellman, C. Tribble and D. B. Olsen (2005). "Computational design and experimental testing of a novel axial flow lvad." ASAIO Journal 51(6): 702-710. Day, S. W., T. E. Higham, A. Y. Cheer and P. C. Wainwright (2005). "Spatial and temporal patterns of water flow generated by suction-feeding bluegill sunfish lepomis macrochirus resolved by particle image velocimetry." Journal of Experimental Biology 208(14): 2661-2671. Higham, T. E., S. W. Day and P. C. Wainwright (2005). "Sucking while swimming: Evaluating the effects of ram speed on suction generation in bluegill sunfish lepomis macrochirus using digital particle image velocimetry." Journal of Experimental Biology 208(14): 2653-2660. Day, S. W. and J. C. McDaniel (2005). "PIV measurements of flow in a centrifugal blood pump: Steady flow." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of The ASME 127(2): 244-253. Day, S. W. and J. C. McDaniel (2005). "PIV measurements of flow in a centrifugal blood pump: Time-varying flow." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of The ASME 127(2): 254-263. Song, X. W., A. Untaroiu, H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, A. L. Throckmorton, S. W. Day and D. B. Olsen (2004). "Design and transient computational fluid dynamics study of a continuous axial flow ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 50(3): 215-224. Throckmorton, A. L., H. G. Wood, S. W. Day, X. Song, P. C. Click, P. E. Allaire and D. B. Olsen (2003). "Design of a continuous flow centrifugal pediatric ventricular assist device." International Journal of Artificial Organs 26(11): 10151031. Curtas, A. R., H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, J. C. McDaniel, S. W. Day and D. B. Olsen (2002). "Computational fluid dynamics modeling of impeller designs for the HeartQuest left ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 48(5): 552-561. Day, S. W., J. C. McDaniel, H. G. Wood, P. E. Allaire, N. Landrot and A. Curtas (2001). "Particle image velocimetry measurements of blood velocity in a continuous flow ventricular assist device." ASAIO Journal 47(4): 406-411. Goyne, C. P., J. C. McDaniel, T. M. Quagliaroli, R. H. Krauss and S. W. Day (2001). "Dual-mode combustion of hydrogen in a mach 5, continuous-flow facility." Journal of Propulsion And Power 17(6): 1313-1318. Refereed Conference Proceedings Cheng, S.X., S.W.Day “Design and Control of Hybrid Magnetic Bearings for Maglev Axial Flow Blood Pump” Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, July 6-9, 2010, Montreal, Canada.