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Smno.psdl.pdkl.ppsub.des.2013
Sustainable Development
Hierarchical system
A four-tier system was adopted for the evaluation of sustainable
development within the community. Its components were:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Principles of sustainable development;
Criteria of sustainable development;
Indicators derived from criteria;
Verifiers to measure specific strategic actions, whose qualitative or
quantitative values allow comparison of results over time.
The next step was to identify the principles, criteria, indicators and
verifiers covering the following three areas of evaluation: socioeconomics; ecology and the environment; and community culture and
self-management. Each of these three areas has its own respective
principles of sustainability, just as each principle has its own criteria, each
of which has its indicators and, lastly, its relevant verifiers.
A principle provides the framework for sustainable forest
development.
It constitutes a fundamental law or truth as the basis for a
rationale or action, and provides the justification for the
criteria, indicators and verifiers generated .
For the purposes of the study, a principle was considered an
achievable goal in the social and ecological process of
sustainable development.
The hierarchical system in the evaluation model comprised the
following basic principles of sustainability.
Externalities are common in virtually every area of
Principle 1:
Respect and concern for
community life favour
sustainable development.
economic activity. They are defined as third party (or spillover) effects arising from the production and/or
consumption of goods and services for which no
appropriate compensation is paid.
This is an ethical
principle.
It means that
development should not
take place to the
detriment of other
external groups not
linked to the community
in question.
http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/externalities/what_are_externalities
.htm
Principle 2:
The harmonious development
of people, natural resources
and the environment is what
sustains the quality of human
life. What is really demanded of
development is that it better the
quality of people's lives.
Economic growth is an
important component of
development, but cannot be a
goal in itself. Sustainable
development is only real if it
makes the life of the
community better in every
sense.
In fact, given our stated goals, the only formulations of even
tentative interest are those depicted by the blue points. These
are the Pareto-optimal points, which together make up the
Pareto front, named after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto.
The points on the Pareto front are said to dominate the other
points.
https://community.accelrys.com/community/accelrys_blog/blog/201
0/06/02/pareto-optimization
Principle 3:
Sub-objectives associated with the community
objective of resource conservation and their
associated importance scores.
Conservation and
protection of
biodiversity and the
environment favour
sustainable
development.
Conservation-based
development
necessarily includes
deliberate action to
protect the structure,
functions and diversity
of ecosystems and of
the environment.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss2/art24/
Principle 4:
Forest ecosystem management must not exceed the capacity of the ecosystem. The limits of ecosystem functioning
vary from one ecosystem to another. Policies need to bring
the number of people and their livelihoods into balance with
the capacity of the ecosystem.
This capacity must be developed through careful
management designed to provide quality goods and services
in a sustainable way. Furthermore, the continuous interaction
among people, natural resources and the environment must
be managed to cause the least possible damage to the
ecosystem.
Principle 5:
Interaction of the human social system with the
ecosystem
The culture of the
community must be in
line with sustainable
development.
People need to reexamine their values and
behaviour.
The community should
promote values that
support the new ethics,
and do away with those
incompatible with a
sustainable way of life.
http://gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/chapter01.html
Principle 6:
Five Modalities Model of Community
Development
Community selfmanagement and
ownership are
fundamental for
sustainable
development.
Properly informed,
motivated, committed
and responsible
communities can and
must contribute to the
decisions affecting them
and play a crucial role in
sustainable
development
http://tedshelton.blogspot.com/2010/11/five-modalities-model-ofcommunity.html
www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5189e/y5189
e05.htm
11
Sustainable State Project
1. Joint project between Local government and State
Government
2. Creates goals and indicators to identify and track
important sustainability issues
3. Integrates academic, private sector, governmental and
citizen expertise
4. Links government programs to ensure implementation
5. Broad Target Audience - accessible and informative to
all New Jerseyans
6. Comprehensive - covering economy, environment, and
society
New Jersey Future
1. 14 year-old nonprofit
organization
2. Work with government
and business
3. Designed NJ’s
Sustainable State goals
and indicators process
4. Develop and advocate
solutions to NJ’s
sustainable development
and land use issues
regulatory compliance
13
The risk management
approach allows
companies to save money
by anticipating and
avoiding expenditures
arising from
environmental damage,
and by minimizing the
cost of complying with
future legislation.
In addition, operating
costs can be reduced
through waste
minimization, pollution
prevention and the
elimination of health &
safety hazards.
14
Netherlands Green Plan
1. To achieve sustainability in one
generation
2. Sets measurable goals
3. Tracks progress toward meeting goals
4. Utilizes integrated planning, across
governments, departments and industry
sectors, to achieve the goals
5. Widely recognized and supported by
citizens
What Did We Learn?
Seeing Things Differently
Is The First Step Toward
Doing Things Differently
Without Clear Goals for
the Future, and a System
to Track Progress, You are
Just Spinning Your
Wheels
16
www.bsdglobal.com/sd_journey.asp
www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/.../att_c907xe01_e_10106.html
Sustainable business strategies
Business strategies for sustainable development mark the final
phase in the journey. The aim is to seek win-win situations
which can achieve environmental quality, increase wealth, and
enhance competitive advantage.
Companies integrate sustainable development into their
business strategies.
Sustainable development is a natural extension of many
corporate environmental policies. In the pursuit of economic,
environmental and community benefits, management
considers the long-term interests and needs of the
stakeholders.
Sustainable business strategies
Sustainable development strategies uncover business
opportunities in issues which, in earlier stages of the journey,
might be regarded as costs to be borne or risks to be
mitigated.
Results include new business processes with reduced external
impacts, improved financial performance, and an enhanced
reputation among communities and stakeholders.
For the business enterprise, sustainable development means
adopting strategies and activities that meet the needs of the
enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting,
sustaining and enhancing the human and natural resources
that will be needed in the future.
Sustainable development and environmental protection
compared
Similarities:
By protecting the environment we support sustainable
development. A healthy environment means clean air,
unpolluted water and healthy soil, which are necessary for
the survival of future generations.
The preservation of natural resources supports sustainability.
Many environmental concepts like reuse and recycling allow
us to save natural resources for future generations.
Environmental training and education support sustainable
development. While working to protect the environment we
learn more about the world around us and improve our ability
to identify solutions for sustainable development.
20
Sustainable development and environmental protection compared
Differences:
Environment is just one of the components embedded in the concept of
sustainable development. Society and economy are equally important.
Although it is necessary to protect the environment it is not always sufficient,
since a healthy environment does not necessary mean a prosperous society
or a healthy economy.
Sustainable development is a goal of the entire society. Thus a participatory
approach is an integral part of sustainability
Sustainable development explores the relationships between environmental,
social and economic benefits. Environmental protection is often limited to the
impact on nature.
Environmental protection implies reducing adverse effects, not necessarily
allowing future generations to inherit the same amount of natural, social and
economic wealth as their predecessors.
Whereas environmental protection is often regulated, sustainable
development involves going beyond compliance.
21
Creating Goals & Indicators
•
•
•
•
•
•
NJ Leaders Create
Draft Goals
NJ academics and
experts create
draft indicators
Large Statewide
Forums, Small
Regional and
Topical Forums
State agency
review
Diverse review
committee
Third Sustainable
State Conference Release Goals &
Indicators
www.eolss.com/eolss/5a.htm
“Sustainable development” is development that will “... meet the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
Definition from
the 1987
Brundtland
Commission
(The World
Commission on
Environment and
Development)
www.rice.re/presen2.htm
A Sustainable State
This symbol
represents what a
Sustainable State
would look like.
Each of the three
rings, economy,
environment and
society, is a system
that we rely on to
support us.
Unless all three are
functioning and
healthy, we will not be
sustainable. You
canít pull on one, to
the exclusion of the
others.
Sustainable State Goals
1. Economic Vitality
2. Equity
3. Strong Community,
Culture &
Recreation
4. Quality Education
5. Good Government
6. Decent Housing
7. Healthy People
1. Efficient
Transportation &
Land Use
2. Natural &
Ecological
Integrity
3. Protected Natural
Resources
4. Minimal Pollution
& Waste
GOAL: Economic Vitality
An economy that is competitive, diverse and
attractive to business; that maintains and
expands assets and capital; that provides a
variety of entry-, middle- and high-level jobs;
and that promotes the well-being of New
Jersey’s communities and its workforce.
GOAL: Economic Vitality
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Income
Unemployment
Productivity
Poverty
GSP
Energy efficiency.
Sustainable
Development with
reference to Different
forms of Capital
27
GOAL: Efficient Transportation & Land Use
A choice of efficient,
convenient, safe and
affordable
transportation and
land use options,
providing access to
jobs, shopping,
recreational centers,
schools, airports and
rail centers.
This Goal, for Efficient
Transportation and Land
Use, is obviously key to
the success and future of
New Jersey businesses.
www.sectur.gob.mx/wb/secturing/sect_ing_desti...
GOAL: Efficient Transportation & Land Use
1. Need for road
and bridge
repairs
2. Vehicle miles
traveled
3. Workplace
transportation
options
4. Traffic fatalities
www.suzlonfoundation.org/program
_framework.html
29
GOAL: Protected Natural Resources
The complex
interactions
among the
different
dimensions of
sustainable
development
www.eolss.com/eolss/5a.htm
GOAL: Protected Natural Resources
1. Energy consumption
2. Farmland
3. Beach and bay
closings
4. Preserved and
developed land.
The six major systems of
the anthroposphere and
their major relationships.
These six sector systems
can be aggregated to the
three subsystems: Human
System, Built System
(Human Engineered System)
and Natural System.
31
32
ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol3iss1/0602-007....
GOAL: Minimal Pollution & Waste
Minimize the
generation and
accumulation of
pollution and waste;
maximize the use of
efficient, clean and
sustainable energy
sources; and increase
consumer choices for
ecologically friendly
products.
www.wasteawarecampus.org.uk/hierarchy.asp
GOAL: Minimal Pollution & Waste
1. Greenhouse gas
releases
2. Drinking water
quality
3. Solid waste
production
4. Air pollution
www.davidkrohn.net/
Solid Waste Production
35
Other Indicators
1. Mortality (Life
Expectancy)
2. Infectious Diseases
3. Housing Affordability
4. Wage Equality
5. Voter Turnout
6. Knowledge of
Government
7. Standardized Test
Scores.
An understanding of the
sustainability of the
natural system lies at the
confluence of many
disciplines
36
Where Are We Now?
1. “Living With The
Future in Mind II”
Released With
Targets
2. Nearly 20,000 Copies
of I & II Distributed
3. Executive Order #96
Signed
4. State Government
Begins
Implementation
5. Businesses and NGO
begin Implementation
6. Transition and
Planning for
Institutionalization
All State Agencies and Departments Shall:
1. Pursue policies which comport with the 11
sustainability goals.
2. Establish institutional mechanisms, and
collaborate in the exchange of information, to
facilitate the achievement of these goals.
3. Report to the Governor, and every year thereafter,
on their progress toward goal attainment.
SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS
AND TARGETS
PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS
(Performance Measures)
Menuju pembangunan
berkelanjutan
NJDEP Implementation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Strategic Planning and NEPPS
Sustainability “Lens” and Assessment
Silver and Gold Track
NJ/Netherlands “Aide Memoire” on Global
Warming
5. Linking Targets and Programs (e.g.
Greenhouse Gas Action Plan)
II. N J’s RE SU LT S-B AS ED MA NA GE ME NT SY ST EM
• S o c ie t y
PLAN
Su stain able
St ate
ADAPT
• E n v ir o n m e n t
• E co n o m y
DO
CHECK
D E P M i s s io n
D E P S tr a te g ic P la n
N E P P S * P e r f o r m a n c e P a r t n e r s h ip A g r e e m e n t
P r o g r a m W o r k P la n s /B u d g e t
* N E P P S = N a tio n a l E n vi ro n m e n t a l P e rf o rm a n c e P a rtn e rsh ip S ys t e m
- In c lu d e s re p o rtin g o n 9 g o a ls & o ve r 1 0 0 in d ica to rs
41
Other Departments and Agencies
1. Higher Education Capital Fund (Education)
2. Budget Guidelines for Sustainability
(Management and Budget)
3. Sustainable Housing Program (Community
Affairs)
4. Indicator Tracking (All Agencies)
5. Interagency Work Group on Sustainable
Development - “Governing With The Future In
Mind” (All Agencies)
Where Are We Now?
1. “Living With The
Future in Mind ”
Released With
Targets
2. State Government
Begins
Implementation
3. Businesses and
NGO begin
Implementation
4. Transition and
Planning for
Institutionalization
Business Implementation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Participation in Silver Track
Corporate Responsibility
NJ Sustainable Business Alliance
Self Assessment and Corporate
Sustainability Reports
5. Sustainability “Seal of Approval”
6. Participants and Watchdogs
NGO Implementation
• Participants and
Watchdogs
• Local Partners
and Mimics Morris 2000,
Hunterdon 2020,
Passaic
Tomorrow
• NGO Partners ANJEC, NJ
Future, NJHEPS,
Affordable
Housing Network
45
Transition and Institutionalization
1. Institutionalize the goals and indicators
inside and outside of government
2. Work with the business community to
adopt and implement the goals
3. Work with local government and
communities to “nest” goals and
indicators
INSTITUSIONALISASI
2001 and Beyond
NON-GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
Permanent
Non-governmental Home
Permanent Governmental
Home
Citizen Participation
Strategic Planning
Living with the Future
in Mind
Governing With the Future
In Mind
• Research • Benchmarks
• Credibility • Broad Outreach
• Stability • Broad Scope
• Implementation
Transisi & Institusionalisasi
1. Institutionalize the
goals and indicators
inside and outside of
government
2. Work with the
business community
to adopt and
implement the goals
3. Work with local
government and
communities to
“nest” goals and
indicators
Jalan menuju cita-cita &
tujuan pembangunan
Transisi & Institutionalisasi
1. Institutionalize the goals and indicators
inside and outside of government
2. Work with the business community to adopt
and implement the goals
3. Work with local government and
communities to “nest” goals and indicators
State Goals
Local Goals
State Indicators
Local Indicators
State Plans & Operations
Local Plans
& Operations