Science SATs
2005 Paper 2
Tier 5 to 7
To Pupils:
We hope this presentation will help you understand
how your paper was marked and how you might
improve your performance.
The answers shown are some of the most commonly
expected responses.
To save space many answers have not been written as
fully as they should be.
Not all options and versions have been included.
To Staff:
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mark scheme.
1. The drawing below shows a garden water feature. It is solar-powered.
The solar cell absorbs energy from the Sun.
The solar cell is connected to a motor in the bowl.
The motor drives a pump.
Water is pumped up to the jug and it flows back down to
the bowl.
(a) Use the information above to help you to complete the
following sentences. Choose words from the list.
chemical
kinetic
electrical
light
gravitational potential
sound
thermal
(i) The useful energy change in the solar cell is
from light to …….………..
energy.
electrical
1
(ii) The useful energy change in the motor is from
electrical energy to ………………
energy.
kinetic
1
(iii) As the water flows from the jug to the bowl
Gravitational
potential energy is changed into
…………………….
……………….. energy.
2
Kinetic or
Sound/ thermal
b)
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a
solar cell to power the water feature.
Advantage
1
The energy will can be replaced/ renewable energy/free to run
Disadvantage
pump stops when no sun/light/ or dark/night
1
2. Lorna built the circuit drawn below. All the bulbs are identical.
a) Complete the table below by
writing on or off for each bulb.
One has been done for you
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
1
ON
ON
ON
ON
1
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
1
b) Lorna then built a different circuit as shown below.
How could Lorna get both bulbs to light at the same time in this circuit?
Close S4 and S5
leave S3 open
1
3. (a) (i) Air contains nitrogen. In the box below draw five circles, 0,
to show the arrangement of particles in nitrogen gas.
O
O
Same size particles and
spread out randomly
O
O
1
O
(ii) Zeena carries a
personal emergency
alarm.
It uses nitrogen gas to
produce a very loud
sound.
The nitrogen gas in the container is under much higher pressure than
the nitrogen gas in the air
How does the arrangement of nitrogen particles change when the
gas is under higher pressure?
Closer together
1
b) Use words from the boxes below to complete the sentence.
greater than
less than
the same as
The rate at which the nitrogen particles hit the inside of the
container is
…………………………………..
the rate at
greater than
which nitrogen particles hit the outside of the container
1
c) Zeena pushes the lid down and nitrogen gas escapes through the
diaphragm. The diaphragm vibrates and produces a sound. The
pattern on the oscilloscope screen below represents the soundwave
produced by the alarm.
(i) The loudness of the sound
produced by the alarm decreases
between X and Y. How can you
tell this from the graph?
1
amplitude gets smaller /
wave height gets shorter
(ii) The pitch of the sound produced by the alarm stays the same
between X and Y. How can you tell this from the graph?
peaks or troughs spaced equally / frequency is constant /unchanged
1
4. Molly used a pH sensor to test different liquids. She dipped the
probe of the sensor into each liquid and recorded the pH value in a
table.
(a) In the table below, tick one box for each
liquid to show whether it is acidic, neutral or
alkaline.
One has been done for you.
liquid
pH value
alcohol
7
dil hydrochloric
acid
2
distilled water
7
vinegar
3
sodium
hydroxide sol
11
acidic
neutral
alkaline
√
probe
√
√
√
√
2
(b) Between each test Molly dipped the probe into distilled
water
(i) Why did she do this?
1
clean the probe / prevent contamination / accurate readings
not mixed up the liquids/ distilled water is neutral / pH7
(ii) Which other liquid in the table could Molly use
between tests to have the same effect as distilled
water?
alcohol
1
c) Molly put a piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20 cm3 of
vinegar. She put another piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20
cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
(i) Molly thought that
magnesium would react
more vigorously with
hydrochloric acid than with
vinegar. What information
in the table made Molly
think this?
1
Hydrochloric acid has lower pH / more acidic.
(ii) How would Molly be able to tell if a more vigorous reaction took
place with hydrochloric acid than with vinegar?
More fizz/bubbles
(d) (i) Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium
and hydrochloric acid.
magnesium chloride
+ hydrogen
magnesium + hydrochloric acid  ……………….
+ ………………….
(ii) After some time this reaction stopped. Why did the reaction stop?
all acid used up / magnesium used up
1
2
1
5. Two groups of pupils investigated the factors affecting the time taken for
an indigestion tablet to dissolve in 100 cm3 of water
Group 1 recorded their results in the table
below.
results of group I
tablet
time taken to dissolve (s)
Whole tablet
34
Broken tablet
28
Finely crushed tablet
22
(a) What factor did group 1 change as they carried out their
investigation?
1
Size of tablet crushed/pieces /Surface area of the tablet
(b) Before the investigation, group 1 made a prediction. They found
this prediction was supported by the results in the table.
What prediction did group 1 make?
Crushed tablets will dissolve faster than whole tablets. A whole tablet will take
longer to dissolve. The bigger the surface area the faster it dissolves
1
c)
Group 2 investigated how the temperature of the water affects the time taken
for a whole tablet to dissolve. Here are their results.
Results of group 2
Temperature of water (0C)
Time taken to dissolve (s)
65
24
40
35
15
90
5
100
What factor did group 2 change as they carried out their investigation?
1
Water temperature
d) What pattern do the results recorded by group 2 show?
The higher the temperature the quicker the tablet dissolves.
1
OR
The lower the temperature the longer the time for the tablet to dissolve
d) Look at the results presented by group 1 and group 2. Both groups used
the same type of tablet. Estimate the temperature of water used by group 1
40…………………
(38-44)
(0C)
1
6. (a) When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins
with the nucleus of an ovum (egg) In which part of the
reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in
humans? Tick the correct box.
cervix
oviduct
ovary
√
uterus
1
(b) The table below gives information about fertilisation in three
animals.
animal
Does fertilisation inside or
outside take place the body?
number of released
at eggs a time
human
inside
1
bird
inside
4
frog
outside
3000
Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water. The eggs are fertilised
in the water. Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of
1
eggs and sperm?
large numbers increase chance of an egg being fertilised /
Some eggs or sperm might be eaten /some eggs might not be
fertilised /some washed away
c) The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird.
(i) The shell of a bird’s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic
holes in it. Why does it need to be porous?
1
let oxygen into the egg / allow gas exchange for respiration
(ii) Give one other function of the egg shell.
1
Protection /stops egg drying out
(d) A bird’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing
chick. A human egg does not contain yolk.
1
Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo?
Foods from the mother’s blood to the embryo /through the placenta
7. (a) The diagram below shows a group of cells from the lining of the mouth.
(i)
Give the name and function of part P
Name
1
nucleus
Function
Controls cell activities
1
(ii) Which word describes this group of cells?
Tick the correct box
Compound
Organism
Organ
Tissue
√
1
b) The diagram below shows muscle cells from the wall of the human intestine.
(i) Muscle cells can contract. Give one reason why muscles are needed in the
intestine.
1
push food /contents of gut along/help break up large food pieces
(ii) Other cells in the human intestine produce enzymes. What effect do
enzymes in the intestine have on nutrients such as protein?
1
Enzymes speed up digestion
(iii) Which of the following is required in the diet to keep food moving
through the intestine? Tick the correct box.
Fat
Fibre
Protein
Starch
√
1
8. Suzi investigated how temperature affects the number of bubbles
produced by waterweed in one minute. She set up the experiment as
shown below.
When the temperature of the water was 10°C the waterweed did not produce
bubbles.
(a) Suzi increased the temperature of the water in the water-bath to 20°C.
The waterweed started to produce bubbles. She waited two minutes before
starting to count the bubbles.
1
Explain why she waited for two minutes before she started to count the
bubbles.
make sure the water in the boiling tube had reached the required temperature/
make sure adjusted to the new temperature
b) Suzi counted the number of bubbles produced at six different temperatures. Her
results are shown on the graph below.
Number of bubbles
produced (per min)
(i)
Draw a smooth curve on the graph
A smooth curve through
all 6 points (A to F)
(ii) Use your curve to find the temperature of the water which produced the
0C
most bubbles per minute
……….…….
32 to 38
c) Suzi predicted that the higher the temperature the more bubbles would be
produced. Which points on the graph support Suzi’s prediction?
1
1
1
A, B, C / between 10oC and 300C
d) Suzi’s data does not show clearly the exact temperature at which most bubbles
were produced. How could she improve the data she collects to find this
temperature? smaller intervals between 300C and 400C
1
Questions only on the
5 to 7 paper 2
9 A reed switch is made of two iron strips inside a glass tube.
The iron strips close together when a magnet is brought near. They spring apart
again when the magnet is removed.
(a) Hilary set up the circuit shown below. She tried to close the reed switch using
an electromagnet.
She closed switch E but the
electromagnet was not strong
enough to close the reed switch.
(i) Give two ways Hilary could
increase the strength of the
2
electromagnet.
1 add more coils or turns
2 increase the current
a) (ii) Hilary increased the strength of the electromagnet. The reed switch
closed. The iron strips were magnetised as shown below.
She reversed the current in the coil of the electromagnet.
On the diagram below, label the poles of the iron strips when the current was
reversed.
N
S
N
1
S
(b) (i) Iron and steel are both magnetic materials. Explain why the strips must
be made of iron and not steel.
1
Steel stays magnetised / Iron loses its magnetism
The switch would stay closed / would not spring open
(ii) She replaced the reed switch with a piece of copper wire.
The current through the bulb increased.
Explain why more current flowed through the bulb when the reed switch
was replaced with copper wire.
Copper is a better conductor than iron
1
10. John used an electrical heater to heat a cup of water. He kept
stirring the water When the temperature reached 20°C, he started his
stopwatch and measured the temperature of the water every half
minute.
Time (mins)
Temperature (0C)
0.0
20
0.5
26
1.0
31
1.5
36
2.0
41
2.5
46
3.0
…….
3.5
57
4.0
56
4.5
58
5.0
59
5.5
59
He switched off the heater after 4
minutes, but continued to record the
temperature. His results are shown in
the table.
One measurement is missing and
another appears to be wrong.
a) Use the results in the table to draw a graph on the grid. Label the axes.
Plot the points and draw a smooth curve of best fit
4
Marks
1 Appropriate scale/size
…………..
2 Axes labelled with units
(………)
3 Points plotted neatly
4 Best fit smooth curve
…………..
(………)
b) From your curve, estimate the temperature of the water
after three minutes.
…………… 0C
1
Temperature
oC
a) Use the results in the table to draw a graph on the grid. Label the axes.
Plot the points and draw a smooth curve of best fit
…………..
(………)
60
40
20
1
2
3
…………..
Time
4
5
6
(………)
(mins)
b) From your curve, estimate the temperature of the water
0C
after three minutes.
……………
53 +/-
11. Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown below.
most reactive
least reactive
potassium
sodium
magnesium
aluminium
iron
lead
copper
(a) Dan added a piece of magnesium to a solution of copper
sulphate.
A displacement reaction took place.
The word equation for the reaction is shown below.
magnesium + copper sulphate  magnesium sulphate +
copper
Why is this called a displacement
reaction?
Magnesium displaces copper from the copper sulphate
Copper is replaced by magnesium
1
b) Look at each pair of chemicals in the table below.
Use the reactivity series to predict whether a displacement reaction
would take place. Write yes or no in the second column and give the
reason for your decision.
Pairs of chemicals
Does a displacement
reaction take place?
Yes or No
c)
iron + sodium chloride
NO
magnesium + lead
nitrate
YES
2
reason
because
Iron is below sodium
Magnesium is above lead
Dan wanted to find out where zinc should be placed in the reactivity series.
(i) What tests should Dan do to find out the correct position of zinc in the reactivity 1
series?
Add zinc to a solution of a salt of each of the other metals.
Add each of the other metals to a solution of a zinc salt
(ii) How would Dan use his test results to decide where to put zinc in the reactivity
series? Place zinc between the metal which does react
and the one which does not
1
12. As apples become ripe they produce a gas called ethene. Ethene
passes through the air from ripe apples to unripe apples. Ethene causes
unripe apples to ripen more quickly.
Three effects of ethene on apples are listed below.
• The green substance, chlorophyll, breaks down.
• Starch breaks down to form glucose.
• Pectin, a substance which holds cells together, breaks down.
Describe and explain the changes you would notice when apples
become ripe as a result of any two of these effects.
changes colour /less green because
chlorophyll breaks down
OR
1. change
explanation
sweeter because glucose is formed OR
2. change
explanation
1
1
softer because cells break apart without pectin
b) Give the name of the process by which gases such as ethene spread through
the air in a room.
diffusion
1
c) The diagram below represents a molecule of ethene.
H
H
C
C
H
H
Ethene is flammable and must be kept away from naked flames. Look at the
diagram of the molecule of ethene. Give the name and chemical formula
of the two compounds formed when ethene burns in oxygen.
1.
Name
…………………………………
Carbon dioxide
Formula ………………
CO
1
2
2.
Name
Water
………………………………….
H2O
Formula ………………
1
13 The table shows how hydrogencarbonate indicator solution changes
colour when the concentration of carbon dioxide in it changes.
Concentration of carbon dioxide
Colour Change
Increases
orange to yellow
Decreases
orange to purple
Sunil set up the experiment shown below and put both test-tubes on a window-
Use information in the table to help you answer the questions below.
(a) The indicator in test tube A changed from orange to yellow.
(i) What process, in the cells of the maggots, caused this colour
change?
1
Respiration
(ii) Explain what happens in this process to cause the colour change.
1
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to make an acid (carbonic acid)
(b) The indicator in test-tube B changed from orange to purple.
(i) What process, in the cells of the leaves, caused this colour change?
1
Photosynthesis
(ii) Explain what happens in this process to cause the colour change.
Carbon dioxide is used up/ oxygen made turns the liquid alkaline
1
(c) Sunil then put two fresh leaves into test-tube C containing 30 cm3 of
orange hydrogencarbonate indicator.
He added some maggots on a piece of wire mesh as shown below.
He put the test-tube on a window-sill.
The indicator remained orange. Explain why.
………………………………………………………………………….
Carbon dioxide produced by maggots / respiration
was used up in photosynthesis
1
14 Read the magazine cutting about research into heart disease.
a)
Why can the results of this research not
be used to draw any conclusions about
heart disease among women across the
world?
1
only investigated British women
only 60-79 age group
b) Give one reason why the data collected in
this study is likely to be reliable
1
used a large sample (4286)
(c) After reading the magazine cutting, pupils wrote the ideas below.
Decide if each idea is supported by information in the cutting.
Tick the correct box.
Use the information in the cutting as evidence to justify your decision in
the third column
idea
One in five of all
British females
show signs of
heart disease.
Is the idea
supported by
evidence? Tick the
correct box.
yes
√
Earlier treatment
for heart disease
must have been
more effective than
modern medicines.
Four out of five
British women in
the 60-79 age
group showed no
signs of heart
no
√
√
Use the information in the
magazine cutting as evidence
to justify your decision.
data refers only to
older women
1
no evidence of the
impact of treatment
1
data suggests 1/5 had
signs of heart disease so
4/5 are unlikely to suffer
1
End of paper 2
Tier 5 to 7
2005