Industrialization
Objective: Industrialization had social, political, and
economic effects on Western Europe and the World.
Understanding Industrialization
 Did you ever try to make something by hand?
 Maybe you have made a batch of cookies instead of buying
them at the store.
 Or maybe you have given someone a handmade greeting card,
even though it would have been easier to buy one.
 Think of the advantages and disadvantages of making
something by hand versus buying something that is
manufactured and sold in a store.
 ???
UNDERSTANDING
INDUSTRIALIZATION
-Consider an item that is
carefully made by a skilled crafts
worker using simple hand tools
in a home workshop.
-The result is a one-of-a-kind
product.
-Making something by hand can
be difficult and time-consuming,
however, and these two factors
make the product expensive.
Understanding Industrialization
 Goods manufactured in a factory are made quickly.
 They are uniform; that is, all the products are identical.
 Instead of making an item from start to finish, individual workers perform
separate tasks in its production.
 This is called specialization.
 On an assembly line, a product moves from station to station as workers at
each station perform a different task to help complete the product.
 The resulting manufactured goods are inexpensive to produce when
compared to handmade goods.
 During the Industrial Revolution, goods began to be produced in factories by
unskilled or semiskilled workers.
Assembly Line
The Industrial Revolution Begins
 The Industrial Revolution was a period of technological
advancement and social change that dramatically altered the
way in which people lived and worked.
 It began in England during the mid-1700s with the introduction
of new technology to the textile industry.
 A textile is a woven material, or cloth.
Conditions that Aided the Industrial Revolution
 A number of social, political, and economic
factors created the ideal conditions for
industrialization.
 In England, these factors were 1) a growing and
shifting population, 2) an abundance of natural
resources, 3) a stable government, and 4) a
large supply of capital (money for investment).
Growing Population
 During the 18th century, agricultural advancements in
Europe led to a food surplus (more than enough food).
 Because food was plentiful, the population grew.
 At the same time, advances in medicine led to a
declining death rate.
 This also contributed to population growth.
 The increase in population created an increased
demand for manufactured goods.
Population Shift
 In addition to population growth, England experienced
a population shift as more people began to move from
the countryside to cities.
 This rise in rural-to-urban migration was a result of the
enclosure movement.
 Enclosure took place when landed aristocrats
enclosed, or fenced in, common land that peasants
had formerly used for farming and livestock.
 This made it more difficult for peasants to make their
living.
Enclosure Movement
Population Shift
 Enclosure became widely used in the Netherlands during
the 1600s.
 During the 1700s, the practice became common in
England.
 Enclosure resulted in more organized and more productive
farming, but the loss of land forced many peasants to
migrate to towns and cities in search of work.
 These displaced farmers eventually provided a source of
labor for manufacturing and mining.
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities
ABUNDANCE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
-An abundance of natural
resources also contributed
industrialization in England.
-England had large supplies of
coal and iron ore.
-Engines and factory machines
were forged from iron.
-Coal was used to fuel steam
engines, the source of power for
the new factories.
Stable Government
 In addition to the abundance of
resources, England had a stable
government.
 Since it had not had a revolution
since 1688, people felt secure
doing business there.
Large Supply of Capital
 England’s trade and the income it derived from
its colonial empire gave it a strong economy.
 Many English people had enough money to
invest in new factories and businesses.
 Since they felt financially secure, they were
often willing to try new ideas.