HR 316 Reproductive Endocrinology
Applications
Manipulation (past, present, future)
Reproductive hormones: steroids
Measurement principles
1 presentation
• History
Castration (first endocrine experiment?)
Male; female?
Aphrodisiacs; Anaphrodisiacs
IUCD, stones
• Reasons; modify
Behaviour
Fertility
Fertility and behaviour (vasectomy invention)
2 presentation
• Contraception
The pill, now pills
Skin patches
Nasal spray
Implants
Intrauterine and intravaginal applications
• Female vs Male applications
Female major focus, why?
Male getting some interest
3 presentation
• Conception
Female
Activate cyclic activity
Control and time cyclic activity
Manipulate ovulation rate
Improve uterine environment
Birth process
Male
Gamete production and maturation
Libido and erectile function
4 presentation
• Non reproductive reasons?
Muscle; strength, endurance, behaviour, meat?
Behaviour, libido modification, general, moods
Secondary sex characteristics
Hair loss?
Acne
Gender modification
5 presentation
• Rejuvenation? (slave to infantile drives?)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• Female
• Male
6 presentation
• Health and Disease
Hormone linked cancers and ‘growths’
‘Correction’ of amenorrhoea
menstrual cycle irregularities (young girl)
Reproductive diseases
PCO
Endometriosis
Undescended testicles
7 presentation
• Future
• Post menopausal pregnancies
• Male pregnancy
• Population control at state or world level?
Target specific points of the hormone productionaction pathway! This will provide new
approaches to all of the above!
8 presentation
9 presentation
Population endocrinology
• Hormones govern many life processes
• Hormones are affected by many life events
• They may explain or condition human variation
• Quality of life; well-being
• Fertility
• Blood
• Urine
• Saliva
10 presentation
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Tears
Sweat
Faeces
Breath
Dandruff
• Well-being and stress:
Mental: psychometric tests
Physical: growth, health
Physiological: eg; blood pressure
Hormone profiles
• Fertility:
Viable offspring
Indices: sperm counts, menstrual activity
Hormone profiles
11 presentation
Hormones commonly measured
Stress
Fertility
12 presentation
• Catecholamines:
adrenaline; arousal
noradrenaline; activity
• Cortisol: chronic stress
• Testosterone; macho
• Estrogen; gadfly
• Progesterone; for
gestation
Cortisol and human biology
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13 presentation
Index of stress
Effector of chronic stress diseases
Homeostasis
Interaction with reproduction
Testosterone and human biology
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General health index
Fertility
Pain index?
Euphoria, depression
Sexual stimulation
Longevity (- 6 years)
14 presentation
Estrogen and human biology
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General health index
Fertility
Osteoporosis
Cardiovascular disease
Hormone replacement therapy; HRT
Breast cancer
Sports performance
15 presentation
Progesterone and human biology
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16 presentation
General health index
Fertility
Osteoporosis
Cardiovascular diseases
Hormone replacement therapy; HRT
Sports performance
Biology
source
transport
target
production
effect
blood
concentration
17 presentation
clearance
• Source
Endogenous control; feedback mechanisms; HPG axis
Exogenous source, synthetic hormones
• Transport and Metabolism
Entry to blood, blood flow and carriage, exit from blood, free/bound
Metabolism; deactivation, activation. Metabolic clearance rate
Blood concentration = production/metabolic clearance rate
• Target
Transport from blood to cell
Cell receptors; blockers
Local metabolism; activation-deactivation
Cellular response
18 presentation
Stress
Nutrition
hypothalamus
Psychosocial ?
pituitary
- ve
FSH
LH
- ve
+ ve
follicular
1
19 presentation
luteal
14
28
Stress
Nutrition
hypothalamus
Psychosocial ?
pituitary
- ve
FSH
inhibin
Spermatogenesis
20 presentation
LH
testosterone
- ve
Testis; testosterone
testis
blood
hair
saliva
blood
concentration
21 presentation
liver
kidneys
urine
source
blood
bound ~ 97%
free ~ 3% target
saliva
urine
metabolised
22 presentation
production
rate
clearance rate
urine
blood concentration =
production rate / clearance rate
23 presentation
Measurement logic
brain
hypothalamus
urine
15
24 presentation
pituitary
blood
adrenal
cortex
target
saliva