A New Worldview
Chapter 18 Study Guide
Directions: Part I of this assignment will consist of key term identifications, which will be assessed as
part of the Homework category. This identification should include a basic definition of the term (who,
what, where, when) and also a statement of significance (So what?).
Part I
Identifying Key Terms
Notable People
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Nicolaus Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Johannes Kepler
Galileo
Sir Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
David Hume
Denis Diderot
Adam Smith
Mary Wollstonecraft
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Catherine the Great of Russia
Maria Theresa of Austria
Joseph II of Austria
Terms and Events
Cartesian Dualism
Deductive method
Empiricism
Hermeticism
Inductive method
Rationalism
Royal Society
Scientific Revolution
Alchemy
Querelles de femmes
Part II
Deism
Laissez-faire
Natural law
Natural rights
Methodism
Philosophe
Physiocrat
Pietism
Rococo
Salon
Tabula rasa
Tories vs Whigs
Peace of Utrecht
Peace of Paris
Stadholder
Enlightenment
Enlightened Despots
Review Questions
Directions: Check your understanding of this chapter by answering the following questions in a
minimum of four-five well written and effective sentences each.
1. What was revolutionary in the new attitudes toward the natural world?
2. Contrast the Aristotelian-medieval world-view with that of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. In your answer, refer to the contributions of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo,
and Newton?
3. How did the new worldview affect the way people thought about society and human
relations?
4. What impact did the Enlightenment have on political developments and monarchical
absolutism?
5. Trace the development of arguments for religious toleration during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. How did these arguments change over time? What contributed to this
change?
6. Why is it said that Locke was the spokesman for the liberal English Revolution of 1689 and
for representative government?
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7. Compare and contrast John Locke’s theory of the social contract and Thomas Hobbes’
theory of the social contract. Describe how one of these figures influenced the work of JeanJacques Rousseau.
8. How did the new scientific theory and discoveries alter the concept of God and religion? Did
science, in fact, come to dictate humanity’s concept of God?
9. To what extent did the Enlightenment express optimistic ideas in eighteenth-century
Europe? Illustrate your answer with reference to at least 3 specific individuals and their
works.
10. To what extent were women affected by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?
Part III Chronological Awareness
Directions: Place the following events in the correct chronological order. Provide the year of each
event. Since the events are given to you in a sequence that is out of chronological order, please
reorder the events correctly. In the event that one or more of the events listed below do not have a
single year in which it took place, provide the appropriate date ranges. Rewrite this list in the
correct chronological order, providing the year of the event, occurrence, or trend.
1. King Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes
2. King Charles I of England is executed
3. Glorious Revolution
4. Publication of Diderot’s Encyclopedia
5. Peace of Paris
6. Galileo appears before the Roman Inquisition
7. Frederick II ascends the throne of Prussia
8. Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
9. Peace of Utrecht
10. Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
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