Chapter -09
Summary
Job Design and work organization
Designing the job allotted for every staff.
operations management is dealing with
considerable amount of human resource
management, therefore managing or designing
the job is quite important.
What is job design?
The way we structure the jobs for employees in
work place and the relationship of each job to
technologies is known as Job design.
What is work organization?
Work organization is the total of operation, material,
technology and people to achieve the objective of
operation.
Explain the major elements of job design.
1. What are the environmental conditions at
workplace? - Ergonomics
2. What technology is available and how will it be
used? – ergonomics workplace design
3. what tasks to be allocated to each person in the
operation? – division of labour.
4. what is the best method of performing each job? –
Scientific management
5. How long will it take and how many
people will be needed? – work
measurement
6. How do we maintain commitment – team work and
flexible working.
Ergonomics or human factors engineering
This is concerned with human body and how it fits
into its surroundings.
There are two ideas for this:
1. Job can be made to fit the people who are doing it,
or people can be made to fit the job.
2. Should have scientific approach, such as collecting
data showing how people reacting under different
conditions.
Ergonomic environmental design –
considering health and safety
• temperature
• Noise
• Light
Ergonomic workplace design
Analyzing as how workplace affect
performance,fatigue,physical strain and injury.
Anthropometric data
Data that relates to peoples size, shape and other
abilities (physical), when designing the job
Advantages and disadvantages or
division of labour. Page 260
Designing job methods
1. Scientific Management
A. all aspects of work should be investigated
B. find out what is a fair days work
C. workers must be selected, trained and
developed
D. managers should act as planners of the work.
E. cooperation should be achieved between
management and workers .
2. Method study – find the best
method to do a job
3. Work measurement – finding the required time
for the completion of a job.
4. Work study – mix of work measurement and
work study, that consider all the facts that affect
the efficiency of job.
Method study
Page 264
Work measurement
Page 266 , 267
Job commitment
• behavioral approach
1. Combining tasks - increase number of activities.
2. make natural work unit - put activities together
to give a wholesome effect.
3. Establish client relationship - staff make contact
with clients
4. vertical loading - allocate indirect tasks such as
management of job, maintenance, scheduling to
the staff.
5. Opening feedback channels
6. Job rotation – time to time give
shift staff between similar jobs.
7. Job enlargement - give larger tasks, but of same
character. For example a unit of ten workers
redesigned into two groups of 5 staff.
8. job enrichment - give more tasks, such as
decision making, responsibility e.t.c
9. Empowerment - ability to make changes in the
individual job design.
10. Team working 11.Flexible working - skill flexibility, time
flexibility, location flexibility
Control VS Commitment
9.9 page 278