Biomes
• What is the difference between a Biome and
an Ecosystem?
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Biosphere
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Biome
Ecosystems are
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Ecosystem
part of Biomes
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Community
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Population
Biomes
• Ecosystems are grouped into a larger biome
• Depends on the climate and the type of plants
in that area
• 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land)
Aquatic Biomes (in the water)
The species that live In each biome are
different, but may look and act similar to
species in other biomes. Because of similar
niches in each biome.
• An ecosystem is all the living and
nonliving factors that affect an
organism.
• A biome is a major region that is
characterized by its climate,soil
type(s), and the dominant plants,
animals, and other organisms that live
there. A biome is made up of many
individual ecosystems.
Types of Biomes
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Mountains
Tundra
Desert
Chaparral
Grasslands: Temperate Grassland, prairie,
plains, savanna
Taiga/Coniferous Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Tropical Rainforest
Polar ice
Is the temperature of each Biome:
Hot, moderate, or cold?
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Mountains Tundra Desert Chaparral Temperate Grassland Tropical savanna Taiga Temperate forest Tropical rainforest Polar ice -
Is the temperature of each Biome:
Hot, moderate, or cold?
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Mountains - Moderate
Tundra - Cold
Desert - Hot
Chaparral - Moderate
Temperate Grassland - Moderate
Tropical savanna - Hot
Taiga - Cold
Temperate forest - Moderate
Tropical rainforest - Hot
Polar ice - Cold
Climate
• Weather conditions over a long
period of time
Latitude and Altitude Affect the
Climate
• Gets colder the higher up you go (altitude)
• Gets colder the farther north/south of the
equator you go (latitude)
• Most of food on Earth is grown between
30-60 degrees north and south of the
equator
• -- Do we live in this latitude??--
Climatograms
• A climatogram is a graph that shows
average monthly values for two
factors: temperature and precipitation.
• Temperature is expressed in degrees
Celsius and is plotted as a smooth
curve.
• Precipitation values are given in
centimeters and are plotted as a
histogram.
Tundra
Tundra
• Arctic tundra can be found in Antarctica
and the North Pole, North of the Arctic
Circle.
• Grass, lichen and herbs
• Permafrost – layer of soil that is always
frozen.
• Very short warm season that is very wet
• Many insects during warm season
Taiga
Taiga
• The word taiga means, "marshy pine
forest" in Russian.
• one of the most fragile biomes.
• Spruce and Fir trees
• Found in Northern Hemisphere.
• Growing season very short
• Nearly constant daylight in summer
• Many lakes and swamps
Temperate Forest
Temperate Forest
• climate and amount of sunlight can vary
tremendously between each season.
• four types: Deciduous forest, Evergreen
forest, temperate rain forest, and mixed
evergreen and deciduous forests.
• Deciduous trees, lose their leaves in fall.
Grassland
Grasslands
• Grasslands are characterized by their tall,
perennial grasses and lack of trees.
• 2 Types :Tropical grasslands , between the
Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
hot year-round, very dry, season of heavy rain.
Temperate grasslands; north of the Tropic of
Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, cold
winters and hot summers.
• cover a quarter of the land on Earth.
Savanna
• Found near equator between tropical rain
forest and desert biomes
• Grass, scattered trees, shrubs, many with
thorns
• Many grazing animals
• Have a wet and dry season
• Plants and animals most active during wet
season.
Chaparrel
Chaparral
smallest biome.
grows between forest and grassland, or
between desert and grassland biomes.
Many plants and trees have leathery
leaves, gnarled bark, and intimidating
thorns.
Often called “scrub”
Desert
• Deserts take up 8.6 million square miles
on Earth.
Desert
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Get less than 25 cm of rain each year
Has little or no vegetation
Driest places on earth
Often located on the dry side of mountain
ranges
Rainforest
Rainforest
over half of the world's plant and animal
species live here. All fit into only seven
percent of the world's land.
Found in: Central Africa, Southeast Asia,
Philippines, New Guinea, Central and
South America.
Rainforest
• Layers:
• Top – Emergent layer – tallest trees above
rest of forest
• Next – canopy – top of normal trees
• Lower canopy – epiphytes – plants that
grow on tree trunks – not soil - because
light is so far from ground.
• Understory – lowest level, much darker