Challenges and Opportunities
in
Plastic Recycle
Content
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Understand Plastic Identification Code
Some opportunities and challenge
Recycle Plastic Requirement
CSR Model
PLASTIC IDENTIFICATION CODE
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Resin Identification Code Coding System
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Resin Identification Coding System is a set of symbols placed on plastics
to identify the polymer type.
•
It was developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) in 1988.
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Primary purpose of the codes is to allow efficient separation of different
polymer types for recycling.
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The symbols used in the code consist of arrows that cycle clockwise to
form a rounded triangle and enclosing a number, often with an acronym
representing the plastic below the triangle.
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When the number is omitted, the symbol is known as the universal
Recycling Symbol, indicating generic recyclable materials. In this case,
other text and labels are used to indicate the material(s) used.
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The number not indicate how hard the item is to recycle, nor how often the
plastic was recycled. It is an arbitrary number and has no other meaning
aside from identifying the specific plastic.
Source:
• Wikipedia
4•
SPI (Society of Plastic Industry), www.plasticindustry.org
Plastic
Identification Code
Type of plastic polymer
Common Packaging Applications
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE)
Clarity, strength,
toughness, barrier to gas
and moisture.
Soft drink, water and salad dressing bottles;
peanut butter and jam jars
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Stiffness, strength,
toughness, resistance to
moisture, permeability to
gas.
Water pipes, Hula-Hoop (children's game)
rings, Milk, juice and water bottles; the
occasional shampoo / toiletry bottle
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Versatility, clarity, ease of
blending, strength,
toughness.
Juice bottles; cling films; PVC piping
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
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Properties
Ease of processing,
strength, toughness,
flexibility, ease of sealing,
barrier to moisture.
Strength, toughness,
resistance to heat,
chemicals, grease and oil,
versatile, barrier to
moisture.
Frozen food bags; squeezable bottles, e.g.
honey, mustard; cling films; flexible container
lids.
Reusable microwaveable ware; kitchenware;
yogurt containers; margarine tubs;
microwaveable disposable take-away
containers; disposable cups and plates.
Polystyrene (PS)
Versatility, clarity, easily
formed
Egg cartons; packing peanuts; disposable
cups, plates, trays and cutlery; disposable
take-away containers;
Other (often polycarbonate or ABS)
Dependent on polymers or
combination of polymers
Beverage bottles; baby milk bottles;
electronic casing.
Recycle Plastic
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PET BOTTLE & POLYESTER
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Most synthetic fibers (approximately 70%) are made from polyester,
and the polyester most often used in textiles is polyethylene
terephthalate (PET).
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The majority of the world’s PET production – about 60% – is used to
make fibers for textiles; about 30% is used to make bottles.
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It’s estimated that it takes about 104 million barrels of oil for PET
production each year – that’s 70 million barrels just to produce the
virgin polyester used in fabrics.
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The reason recycled polyester (often written rPET) is considered a
green option in textiles today is twofold, and the argument goes like
this:
– Saving energy (33% to 53% less energy than produce from
virgin)
– Estimate at 54.6% fewer CO2 emissions
– Keeping bottles and other plastics out of the landfills.
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Fun Facts About PET
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First PET bottle was recycled in 1977
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FACTS about PET:
– Recycling 1 ton of PET bottles saves 7.4
cubic yards of landfill space
– It takes 5 recycled two-liter PET bottles
to make one square foot of carpet.
– PET bottles and containers are actually
a form of polyester, which is why it is
so easy to recycle bottles into T-shirts,
sweaters and socks.
– It takes 35 two-liter recycled PET
bottles to make the soft filling inside a
sleeping bag, called “fiberfill.”
– Plastic makes up 8% of our trash by
weight, but is 24% of the volume
Source:
• EASTMAN
• NAPCOR (National Association for PET Container Resources), www.napcor.com/PET/funfacts.html
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What is required for
“Bottle to Bottle”
Recycling
means …..
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March 16
Steps for BTB
Collection/
Sorting
Flake
Baled
Bottle
GrindingWas
hing
Flake
BTB
VACUREMA
Super Cleaning
Process
Pellet
Involved parties….
• Collection company
• Recycler
• Preform producer
• Beverage Industry
• Government – Institutes….
• Consumer
Target for the “BTB” Recycling
• No differences for the consumer
– Performance of the bottle
• Colour, black spots, taste …..
• No risk for the consumer and the industry
• No differences for the preform production
• Economic sense
Parameters for end product
 Physical parameters
• IV, AA, Colour, pellet, filtration, ....
• Normally not tasted/approved by the government
 Chemical Cleaness - Decontamination
• Normally done only with Challenge and Migration test
• Depends only on the cleaning effect of the system
Required from preform producer
• IV increase - depending on beverage
– Normally yes because in the long term “closed loop” can`t work
• Melt filtration
– Normally yes, because of black spots request, metal, glas, silicon
issue..
• Pellet
– Normally yes, otherwise invest for prefrom producer requested
Request for Chemical Cleanness
• Absolute no risk for consumer – no taste
change….
• “Super cleaning process” has to show the
decontamination by a Challenge Test
• The migration has to be inside the legislation
CSR MODEL
1 Februari 1993:
AQUA launched PEDULI Program
PEDULI
=
PEngembangan Daur Ulang LImbah
= waste recycling development
AQUA bottles Recycling
Recycling PET Study in Bandung, ITB, 2008
• 600 ml
• Social Study on 60 scavengers
• Cups
• Mizone
Key Findings
• PET, PP: 85-99% recycled
• Scavengers poor social condition
Empower Scavengers and prepare sustainable RPET
sourcing
• Objective: support innovative social business to
– Create value on PP caps
– Empower scavengers (water access, health, education…)
– Sustain PET flakes Supply (quality, quantity)
• Plan: revitalize AQUA PEDULI initiative through 4 parties partnerships
• 1st pilot unit in Bandung (Q4 09)
AQUA
SUPPLIER
SCAVENGERS
COMMUNITIES
NGO
• 5 to 10 units in 2010-2011
• Danone Eco Fund for investment
REMINDER
Waste management bill (Act no 18/2008) - Article #15
The producer oblige to manage the packaging of their product and/or their product which are
unable or difficult to be decompose. Packaging management means drawing back packaging for
the purpose of recycle or reuse
AQUA PEDULI: scavenger cooperative
Bottles
Consumer
SUPPLIER
Flakes
rPP finished product
NGO
Market,
Home
industry
SCAVENGERS
Capacity Building
AQUA PEDULI Unit
AQUA PEDULI Unit Model
COOPERATIVE
SAVING
ACCOUNT
CAPITAL
Administration
BENEFIT
rPP Finished products
PET Flakes
SOCIAL BENEFIT
WATER
ACCESS
EDUCATION
& HEALTH
CAPITAL
ACCESS
SOCIAL
ENTERPRISE
PET, PP
VALORIZATION
SCAVENGERS
PET, PP, ??
Market
Thank You
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