Chapter 5
Geography of India
• The people 1)lived in a
land of 2)extremes.
• The 3)terrain was varied
and often presented great
4)challenges
• Extremes of weather were
part of life for this
civilization:
▫ 5)Droughts
▫ 6)Monsoons
Geography of India
• The great civilizations
developed and
flourished among:
▫ 7)Rivers
▫ 8)Mountains
▫ 9)Plains
▫ 10)Deserts
▫ BrainpopEverest
Geography of India
• Many 11)rivers flowed
through the region making
the land 12)fertile
• One of the 13)main rivers
was the 14)Indus river in
the north-west
• It was on the banks of the
Indus river that the
15)civilizations grew
Geography of India
• These people used:
▫ 16)Writing
▫ 17)Large building
construction
▫ 18)Organized cities
• They would flourish for
nearly 19)one
thousand years.
Harappan Civilization
• It is also known as the
20)Indus Valley
Civilization
• The two greatest cities:
▫ 21)Mohenjo-daro
▫ 22)Harappa
• They emerged around
23)2600 BC
• They settled along the
Indus River 24)valley
Harappan Culture and Economy
• This civilization was
mainly an 25)urban
culture sustained by:
▫ Surplus agriculture
production
▫ 26)Trade
• The cities were made up
of 27)single family living
• Fortified administrative
or 28)religious centers
Harappan Achievements
• Houses had 29)bathrooms
with indoor plumbing
• Developed a system of
weights and 30)measures
• They developed the first
31)writing system in India
• They made:
▫ 32)Excellent pottery
▫ 33)Jewelry
▫ 34)Ivory objects
▫ 35)Cotton clothing
End of the Harappans’
• By early in 36)1700 BC
the civilization ended
• Most 37)historians
believe the end was
caused by one of the
following reasons:
▫ 38)Natural
disasters
▫ 39)Invaders
destroyed the cities
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Harappan
Civilization
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture
Rise of the Aryans’
• Invaders from Central
40)Asia
• Took 41)control of
the Indus Valley
• These people were
skilled 42)warriors
• The word Aryan
means “43)noble”
Aryans
• Most of what we know
about them comes from
44)religious writing
known as 45)Vedas
• They had no single ruling
46)authority
• Each 47)group had its
own leader
• Their 48)villages were
governed by a 49)Raja
Aryan Caste System
• The Aryans divided
their 50)society into
separate castes.
• 51)Castes were
unchanging groups.
• A person 52)born
into one caste never
53)changed castes
or 54)mixed with
members of other
castes.
Aryan Caste System
• Caste members:
▫ 55)Lived
▫ 56)Ate
▫ 57)Married
▫ 58)Worked
• With their own
group.
Aryan Caste System
• At the 59)top of the
caste system were
the Brahmin –
▫ 60)Priests
▫ 61)Teachers
▫ 62)Judges
• The Kshatriya
▫ 63)Warrior caste
Aryan Caste System
• The Vaishya caste–
▫ 64)Farmers
▫ 65)Merchants
• Sudras, were:
▫ 66)Craft workers
▫ 67)Laborers
Aryan Caste System
• The untouchables
were the
68)outcasts
• These people were
so 69)low they
lived 70)outside
of the caste system
Aryan Caste System
• Their jobs or habits
involved “71)polluting
activities” including:
▫ 72)Fishing
▫ 73)Butchers
▫ 74)People who ate
meat
• Any other job that
required you to work
with dead 75)animals.
Aryan Caste System
• Outcastes were often
forbidden to enter:
▫ 76)Temples
▫ 77)Schools
▫ 78)Water wells used
by other caste
groups
• The sight of untouchables
was thought to be
79)polluting
Aryan Caste System
• They were forced to
80)sleep during the
day and 81)work at
night
• Many left their rigid
82)social structure
by converting:
▫ 83)Islam
▫ 84)Buddhism
▫ 85)Christianity
Aryan Language
• The 86)language
of the people was
known as
87)Sanskrit
• Many of the South
88)Asian
languages are
89)rooted in
Sanskrit
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Aryan
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture
Hinduism
• This religion believes in
many 90)gods
(polytheism)
• There are three major gods:
▫ 91)Brahma the creator
▫ 92)Siva the destroyer
▫ 93)Vishnu the Preserver
• All three are part of the
universal spirit of
94)Brahman
Hinduism
• Both men and
95)women could
gain salvation
• Hinduism also taught
that women were
96)inferior to men
• Women were not
allowed to read the
97)sacred texts
Reincarnation
• The soul is called the
98)Atman
• This holds the
99)personality of a
person
• The main 100)goal of
reincarnation is to be
reunited with
101)Brahman
Reincarnation
• You live through
several 102)lifetimes
• You are trying to see
through the
103)Illusions of the
world
• Once you 104)succeed
you will stay with
Brahma
Karma
• This is the effects that
105)good and bad
actions have on a person’s
106)soul
• Evil actions build
107)bad karma
• A person with bad karma
is reincarnated into a
108)lower caste or lower
life form
Karma
• 109)Good actions build
good karma
• These people are born
again into a 110)higher
caste in their next life
• Good karma brings
111)salvation known as
112)moksha
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Hinduism
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture
Jainism
• A religion based on the
teaching of 113)Mahavira
• They try to live by four
principles:
▫ 114)Injure no life
▫ 115)Tell the truth
▫ 116)Do not steal
▫ 117)Own no property
Jainism
• They believed that
118)everything is
alive and part of
the cycle of
119)rebirth
• They are
120)vegetarians
Buddhism
• In the late
121)500s BC a
young Indian
prince named
122)Siddhartha
Gautama
• He attracted many
123)dissatisfied
followers of
124)Hinduism.
Buddhism
• He looked around
his 125)world and
saw how hard
other 126)people
had to work and
how much they
127)suffered.
Buddhism
• He began to ask
128)questions
about the meaning
of 129)life.
• When he reached
the age of 130)30
he left home to
look for
131)answers.
Buddhism
• His 132)journey
took him to many
regions in
133)India.
• He spoke with
134)priests and
people of wisdom
on his 135)travels.
Buddhism
• He wanted to free his
136)mind from daily
concerns.
• He started 137)fasting
(going without food)
• Devoted time to
138)meditation
(focusing the mind on
spiritual ideas)
Buddhism
• Its 139)believed
that he spent 6
years
140)wandering
India.
• He came to a city
on the Ganges
River named
141)Gaya
Buddhism
• He sat under a
142)tree and
meditated.
• After 7 143)weeks he
realized why humans
144)suffer.
Buddhism
• First 145)wanting
what we like but do
not have.
• Wanting to 146)keep
what we like and
147)already have.
• 148)Not wanting what
we dislike but have.
Buddhism
• He spent another 7
149)weeks under
the tree
meditating.
• Today the name is
known as the
150)Tree of
Wisdom
Buddhism
• He was almost
151)35 years old
when he became
152)enlightened.
• From this point he
would be known as
153)Buddha
Buddhism
• Buddha traveled
across
154)northern
India teaching
people his
155)ideas.
• He shared with the
people the
156)Four Noble
Truths
Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
• First Truth—
157)Suffering and
unhappiness are part
of life. No one can
158)escape sorrow.
• Second Truth—
Suffering comes from
our 159)desires for
pleasure and material
160)goods.
Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
• Third Truth—People can
161)overcome desire
and ignorance and reach
162)nirvana (a state of
perfect peace)
• Fourth Truth—People can
overcome
163)ignorance and
desire by following
164)The Eightfold Path
The Spread of Buddhism
• After the 165)death of
Buddha in 483 BC his
followers 166)spread his
ideas throughout India
and later into parts of
167)Asia
• 168)Missionaries
would reach regions in:
▫ 168)Syria
▫ 169)Egypt
The Spread of Buddhism
• It would spread along
the 170)Silk road and
reach areas in:
▫ 171)China
▫ 172)Korea
▫ 173)Japan
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Buddhism
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture
Mauryan Empire
• This Empire lasted
for around 174)150
years.
• The military leader
175)Candragupta
Maurya seized
control of northern
India.
• He established the
new capital at
176)Patna
(321 to 185 BC)
Mauryan Empire
(321 to 185 BC)
• He 177)unified the
subcontinent for the
first time and
178)contributed to
the spread of
179)Buddhism.
Mauryan Empire
(321 to 185 BC)
• The empire included:
▫ 180)Spies
▫ 181)Large Army
▫ 182)War Elephants
▫ 183)Chariots
• Citizens were required to
pay 184)taxes to receive
governmental
185)protection.
Mauryan Empire
(321 to 185 BC)
• 186)Candragupta
stepped down in 301 BC
to become a 187)Jainist
monk.
• 188)Bindusara was the
son of Chandragupta.
• His 189)reign lasted
until 272 BC
Mauryan Empire
• The 190)son of
Bindusara came to
power in
191)270BC
• 192)Asoka is
considered the
193)strongest of
all the Mauryan
rulers
(321 to 185 BC)
Mauryan Empire
(321 to 185 BC)
• He 194)extended the
empire to most of
195)India.
• For many years he
196)watched his armies
fight 197)bloody battles.
• He took the 198)deaths
of his men
199)personally .
Mauryan Empire
• After several years of ruling
he converted to
200)Buddhism.
• He changed how he
governed by improving life
for his citizens:
▫ 201)Wells Dug
▫ 202)Built Roads
▫ 203)Planted Shade
Trees
(321 to 185 BC)
Mauryan Empire
(321 to 185 BC)
• He also
204)encouraged
the spread of
Buddhism
throughout
205)Asia
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Mauryan Empire
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture
Gupta Empire 320AD-500AD
• After five hundred
206)years, India emerged
from the 207)dark ages
• This starts the
208)classical age of the
209)Gupta dynasty
• This dynasty ushered in the
next major 210)empire.
Gupta Empire 320AD-500AD
• The dynasty is often known as
the 211)Golden Age of Indian
culture
• Because of:
▫ 212)Peace
▫ 213)Progress
▫ 214)Prosperity
• Great advances were made in:
▫ 215)Art
▫ 216)Literature
▫ 217)Science
Gupta Empire 320AD-500AD
• There was renewed
enthusiasm in
218)religions like
Hinduism
• The world's first
219)universities
were established
Gupta Empire 320AD-500AD
• The dynasty was
founded by a man
known as
220)Chandra Gupta
I
• He broke away from
the 221)dozens of
kings of the period
• He created a good size
222)kingdom
Gupta Achievements
• Great works of 223)Hindu and
224)Buddhist Art
• Grand 225)temples built for
these religions that stand today
• Paintings and 226)Sculptures
• Writing that included:
▫ 227)Sanskrit Epics
▫ 228)Plays
▫ 229)Poetry
Gupta Achievements
• Other advancements
included:
• 230)Metalworking
▫ This included the process
of combining two or more
231)metals into one
(Alloy)
• 332)Math
▫ Created the 233)HinduArabic numerals
Gupta Achievements
• 234)Science
▫ They had a great
interest in
235)Astronomy. They
knew the Sun was a
236)star. And they
knew the Earth was a
237)sphere.
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Gupta Empire
• Fill in all your
bubbles
• Use 4 or less words
or a picture