Rise of Radicalism during the French Revolution
Document A
Document B
“Louis XVI lost his life on Monday at half past ten
in the morning, and to the very last he maintained
the greatest possible courage. He was able to
speak only these words: ‘I forgive my enemies; I
trust that my death will be for the happiness of my
people, but I grieve for France and I fear that she
may suffer the anger of the Lord.’ The King took
off his coat himself at the foot of the scaffold, and
when someone sought to help him he said
cheerfully, ‘I do not need any help.’”
“His blood flows; cries of joy from 80,000
armed men rend the air. His blood flows
and there are people who dip a fingertip
or a scrap of paper in it. One tastes it: ‘It
is vilely salt!’ An executioner at the
scaffold side sells small bundles of his
hair; people buy the ribbon that tied it.
Everyone carries off a small bundle of his
clothing or some other bloodstained
remnant. The whole population go by,
arm in arm, laughing and talking as if
from some festivity. The taverns on the
bloody square had their wine bottles
emptied as usual. They sold cakes and
patties around the beheaded body, which
was treated like a common criminal”
Document C
The guillotine, the new instrument of justice, was
put to work. Public executions were considered
educational. Women were encouraged to sit and
knit during trials and executions. The Committee
of Public Safety ordered the execution of 2,400
people in Paris by July 1794. Across France
40,000 people lost their lives, most of whom
were peasants… The Terror was designed to
fight the enemies of the revolution, to prevent
counter-revolution from gaining ground. Most of
the people rounded up were not aristocrats, but
ordinary people… Robespierre was the
mastermind of the Reign of Terror. He was the
leader of the Committee of Public Safety…
Document D
The Jacobins controlled the Committee of Public
safety. The leading figure in the Committee was
Maximilien Robespierre The Committee allowed
for people to be convicted without hearing
evidence. Later, the CPS passed a law called the
Law of Suspects. People could now be put in
prison without trial.
There were many incidents of horror during the
Terror. In Lyons, a Jacobin ordered 300 people to
be executed by cannon fire as the guillotine was
‘too slow’. At Nantes, barges containing 2000
people were towed into the middle of the River
Loire and sunk. Everyone drowned. Birds hovered
above the water, eating dead flesh. The river water
was so contaminated that fishing was banned.
Document E
Jean-Baptiste Henry, aged 18,
journeyman tailor, convicted of having cut
down a tree of liberty, executed in
September, 1793.
Marie Plaisant, seamstress, convicted of
having exclaimed that she was an
aristocrat and that she did not care for
the nation, condemned to death and
executed the same day.
Jean Julien, wagoner , though in his
head ‘long live the king’, condemned to
death.
Francois Bertrand, aged 37, bartender,
convicted of having provided the leaders
of the country with sour wine,
condemned and executed the same day.
Louis Catore, aged 60, retired soldier,
convicted as an enemy of the Republic
for looking at Jacobin leaders the wrong
way. Executed by guillotine in January
1794
Name __________________
Rise of Radicalism during the French Revolution
Directions: Use the sources on the other side of this sheet to answer the following questions.
1. Describe how King Louis acted moments before his execution in one sentence or more.
2.
Using Document B, describe how the people responded and explain why they responded this way.
3. Using Document C, why did the Jacobins want women to sit it on executions and why did they seem
them as educational?
4. In Document C, who are most of the people being killed? How is this surprising given what you know
about the purpose of the French Revolution?
5. What things in Document D that were carried out by the CP S contradict Enlightenment ideas? Explain.
6. Choose three reasons why people were executed to list below from Document E.
7. Why do you think people were being executed for ridiculous reasons?
8. Using sources C and D, explain the purpose of the Reign of Terror.
9. Using your notes we took today and these sources, explain why the Revolution became radical and its
effects. (3 sentences or more)