SIMILE
•compares two things to another
using the words “like” or “as”.
Example:
•She is as sweet as pie.
•He can run like the wind.
METAPHOR• compares two things without using the
words like or as. A metaphor states that
something IS something else. (is, are, was,
were)
Example:
• The fluffy clouds are
marshmallows floating in the sky.
• The mall is a zoo on Saturdays.
• The noisy cardinals were an orchestra
PERSONIFICATION
• giving human characteristics or abilities
to something that is not human, such as
animals, plants, or inanimate objects.
Example: The tree branches groaned in
the wind.
• The flowers bowed down to the rain.
• Her eyes smiled at me.
HYPERBOLE
• expresses an obvious exaggeration.
Example:
-She bores me to death.
-The waves were so high they touched
the sky.
- St. Agnes is the best school in the
World
(A fact, not Hyperbole!!!!!!)
Onomatopoeia
• the use of words that make sounds.
Example:
-The bullet whistled in the still air.
-The flies buzzed around his head.
Irony: several types
1. Situational Irony: when the outcome of a situation is
totally unexpected or surprising
For example: A champion swimmer drowns, or
a firehouse burns down.
2. Verbal Irony: When someone says something different
from what they really mean…
For example: Sarcasm
3. Dramatic Irony: When the audience or reader knows
something that the characters do not, something which
adds suspense or humor.
For example: In Toy Story, the toys move when the
people are not there. Also, Buzz thinks he is a real space
ranger, but we know he is not.
Idiom
a group of words established by use to have a particular meaning,
on their own; however, they are meaningless
Example: its “raining cats and dogs”, that was a “piece of cake”
Analogy:
creates a relationship based on parallels or connections
between two ideas. By establishing this relationship, the new
idea is introduced through a familiar comparison, thus making
the new concept easier to grasp.
Example: Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pencil is
the weapon of a writer. Both need to be sharpened at
times…etc.
Pun
The pun is a play on words using words that sound
similar or that have multiple meanings.
Examples:
•A horse is a very stable animal.
•An elephant’s opinion carries a lot of weight.
•What is the difference between a conductor and a teacher?
The conductor minds the train and a teacher trains the mind.