MULTIPLICITY
Adaptations
for
Targeted Population
Juvenile Teams
1. Collaborative Planning: Engage all stakeholders in
creating an interdisciplinary, coordinated, and systemic
approach to working with youth and their families.
TKC 1. Drug courts integrate alcohol and other drug
treatment services with justice system case
processing.
May demand a new way of doing business that may
require adjustments in the court’s existing
procedures (language, days, times, LEP).
2. Teamwork: Develop and maintain an inter-disciplinary,
non-adversarial work team.
TKC2. Drug courts use a non-adversarial approach,
promote public safety while protecting participants’ due
process rights.
Make certain that topics of cultural awareness,
competency and proficiency are included in the annual
training plan. Remember: Individuals are competent
and teams are proficient !
A Team Effort
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You are not alone
• In each case and
profession, the boundaries
remain intact, but the
information is exchanged
through cooperation and
waiver.
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Why would I do this?
• More Information
• Eyes and ears of the
team
• You are needed
• Community restoration
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3. Clearly Defined Target Population and Eligibility
Criteria: Define a target population and eligibility
criteria that are aligned with the program’s goals and
objectives
TKC3. Drug courts identify eligible participants
early and promptly place them in the drug court
program
Examine criteria to see if standards create over or
under-representation of participants.
Know Your Population
Strengths-Based Perspective
• Assist clients in examining and identifying their own
strengths
• Case manager provides support for client in their
search for resources
• Consider family needs and the impact that treatment
and recovery is going to have on the family
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What Motivates Change?
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Self-Questioning
Values
Needs
Anxieties
Insight
Desire
Discovery
Readiness!!!
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Help Client Consider:
• How much of a problem does their
behavior possess for them?
• How is their behavior affecting them both
positively and negatively?
• How the behavior is hindering family
reconciliation and support systems
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4. Judicial Involvement and Supervision: Schedule
frequent judicial reviews and be sensitive to the
effect that court proceedings can have on youth and
their families.
TKC7. Drug Courts use ongoing judicial intervention
with each drug court participant as an essential
component of the program,
Be understanding of language, attitudes, lifestyles
and peer influences on youth
5. Monitoring and Evaluation: Establish a system for
program monitoring and evaluation to maintain
quality of service, assess program impact, and
contribute to knowledge in the field.
TKC8. Drug Courts utilize monitoring and
evaluation to measure the achievement of program
goals and gauge effectiveness
Consider if any of the collection methods or
questions inhibit participation
6. Community Partnerships: Build partnerships with
community organizations to expand the range of
opportunities available to youth and their families.
TKC10. Drug courts forge partnerships among
the court, public agencies, and community-based
organizations to generate local support and
enhance drug court effectiveness.
Consider resources that share their culture, faith,
and other interests of participants.
7. Comprehensive Treatment Planning: Tailor
interventions to the complex and varied needs of youth
and their families.
TKC4. Drug courts provide access to a continuum of
alcohol, drug, and other related treatment and
rehabilitation services.
Consider who’s treatment it is and can it be strengthbased and remember that the true expert on the
client’s strengths is usually the client !
Criteria Frequently Used To
Judge Motivation
• Missing appointments, late for
appointments
• Missing a drop
• Missing a court date
• Flat affect
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Criteria Frequently Used To
Judge Motivation (Cont’d)
• Disheveled appearance
• Disagreeing with the practitioner
• Establishing different priorities
• Relapse
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Factors Impacting Motivation
• Long history of substance use
• Mental illness
• Identification with a drug sub-culture
• Past history of failure
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Factors Impacting Motivation
(Cont’d)
• Family dynamics which encourage use
• Barriers encountered in attempting to
access services
• Legal problems
• Ongoing Criminal Activity
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Factors Impacting Motivation
(Cont’d)
• Education status
• Employment status
• Family problems
• Housing status
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Factors Impacting Motivation
(Cont’d)
•
Domestic violence
•
Conflict resolution skills
•
Medical problems
•
Emotional abuse/Physical Abuse/Sexual
Abuse
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8. Developmentally Appropriate Services:
Tailor treatment to the developmental needs of
adolescents.
Youth experience and perceive gender, ethnicity,
culture, sexual orientation, special needs, and stage
of readiness to change differently at different stages
of adolescent development.
9. Gender-Appropriate Services: Design treatment
to address the unique needs of each gender.
TKC9. Drug courts employ continuing
interdisciplinary education to promote effective
drug court planning, implementation, and
operations
Consider the role of trauma as a unique variable,
focus on strengths, and when co-ed services are
helpful.
10. Cultural Competence: Create policies and
procedures that are responsive to cultural
differences and train personnel to be culturally
competent.
Consider a Cultural Needs Assessment
11. Focus on Strengths: Maintain a focus on the
strengths of youth and their families during program
planning and in every interaction between the court
and those it serves.
Remember the expert is usually the client so
strategize on how to get the client’s input
Perceptions of Motivation and
Performance in Drug Court:
Client Perspectives
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Turn Off the
“Automatic Pilot” by:
• Becoming aware of our mental filters
• Deciding not to act on stereotypes
• Seeking new information
• Using tools to interrupt mental tapes and
engage in active listening
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Perceptions of Motivation
Influenced by:
• Client’s cultural perception of the Criminal
Justice System
• Client’s cultural perception of the Drug
Treatment System
• Practitioner’s cultural perception of the
client’s behavior
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Perceptions Paradigm
• Cues
• Filters
• Perceptions
• Assumptions
• Behavior
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12. Family Engagement: Recognize and engage the family as
a valued partner in all components of the program.
Gathering input and information respectfully creates a
foundation for services, planning and evaluation.
13. Educational Linkages: Coordinate with the school system
to ensure that each participant enrolls in and attends an
educational program that is appropriate to his or her needs.
School are extensions of the community and school success
is an example of achievement
The Client’s Culture Shapes
His/Her Belief System About:
• Eye Contact
• Individual vs. Family Well-being
• Punctuality
• Style of Dress
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Attitudes and Behaviors Which Might Be
Presented by African Americans Entering Drug
Court
Behavior
Perception
• ‘’Sloppy’’ Dress
• Disrespectful
• Questioning Actions
• Distrust or healthy
paranoia
• Refusal to look in the
eyes
• Tardy, no show,
incomplete tasks or
assignments
• Anger or hostility
• Resistant or lack of
commitment
• Non-verbal
• Refusal to develop
rapport
• War stories
• Defeatist attitude
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14. Drug Testing: Design drug testing to be frequent,
random, and observed. Document testing policies
and procedures in writing.
TKC5. Drug courts monitor abstinence by frequent
alcohol and other drug testing.
Not sure what to put here as a cultural example .
Think of how youth culture may have issues with standing in front of an
officer giving urine while family is at home. The culture of employment;
due to budget issues, law enforcement/probation officers may not want
to work on weekends.
Man-made Mayhem
Synthetic Drug Trends
• Herbal Smoking Blend
• K-2, Spice, Spice Gold, Whacky Weed, Witch Weed,
Blueberry Crescent, Black Magic
Ingredients: Baybean, Blue Lotus,
Lion's Tail, Lousewort, Indian
Warrior, Dwarf Scullcap, Maconha
Brava, Pink Lotus, Marshmallow,
Red Clover, Rose, Siberian
Motherwort, Canavalia Maritime,
Leonotis Leonurus, Leonurus
Sibiricus, Pedicularis Densiflora,
Scuttellaria Nana, Vanilla
Planifolia, Zorinia Latifolia,
Magnolia Officinalis, Rosa Gallica,
Trifolium
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Brands/Flavors
• Other Common Brands:
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Brands/Flavors
• P.E.P Spice stronger than spice
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Definition:
Herbal Smoking Blends: Usually smoked for Marijuanalike effects believed to be caused by a mixture of
synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Several different Brands of
Herbal Smoke have been marketed and shown to
contain different proportions of the synthetic
cannabinoid active ingredients, and reportedly produce
subtly different effects.
Synthetic Marijuana: Current identifications are HU-210;
JWH-018, JWH-200, JWH-073, CP-47. 497. There may
are many others. May, 2011 banned Cathinone derivatives,
psychedelic phenethylamines, also 124 separate JWH compounds.
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Intoxicating Effects
• Similar to Marijuana: lowered blood pressure,
impairment of psychomotor coordination,
concentration, short-term memory, psychotic
episodes.
• Duration: initial effects 20-30 min, high
reportedly last 8-12 hours.
• Some of these are 100 to 800 times more
potent than THC.
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Packaging comments:
Not for human consumption
Not for sale in the United States
Not to be sold to persons under age 18
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YOU'LL NEVER
FAIL A DRUG
TEST
There's never been a case reported by our
clients that any of our Herbal Smoke
Blends caused them to fail a test.
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Associated Paraphernalia
• The vaporizer pipe
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Paraphernalia
• Vapir One v5.0 Vaporizer
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Paraphernalia
• Wooden Herb Grinder
Mini 1" Herb Grinder
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Paraphernalia
• NEW! Smoke Clear Transparent Blunt Papers
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SPICE/K-2
• It has recently been discovered that Spice has
been diluted in water to a paste form then
applied to cigarettes. Once dried the
cigarettes are smoked to gain the effects of
Spice.
• Reports say the cigarettes can be ordered over
the internet from overseas.
• Now smuggling paper soaked in Spice into jails
and prisons.
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Bath Salts
Some say it a greater high than Cocaine
Mephedrone, 4-MMC, M-Cat, Bubbles
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BATH SALTS
• Side effects: Mephadrone has been reported to cause
nose bleeds, nose burns, hallucinations, nausea,
• vomiting, blood circulation problems, rashes, anxiety,
paranoia, fits, and delusions. Other problems may
• include poor concentration, poor short-term memory,
increased heart rate, abnormal heart beats, anxiety,
• depression, increased sweating, dilated pupils, the
inability to normally open the mouth, and teeth
grinding.
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15. Goal-Oriented Incentives and Sanctions: Respond to
compliance and noncompliance with
incentives and sanctions that are designed to reinforce or
modify the behavior of youth and their families.
TKC6. Drug Courts use a coordinated strategy to govern
responses to participants’ compliance
Consider development age of youth and include family
and schools in application of incentives and sanctions –
ie: Incentives should be culturally based; football is important for
many, football tickets (integrating youth personal interest) vs movie
tickets to an old movie; might incentives be provided to family care
takers for youth who have children…?
Carrot and Stick
• Reduce undesirable behaviors and
increase desirable behaviors
• Positive vs. negative reinforcement
First Things First: Target Behaviors
Initial Behaviors and Attitudes:
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Defiant
Uncooperative
Positive Tests
Denial
pre-contemplative or contemplative
Withdrawn/ non-communicative
Suspicious
Low self-esteem/confidence
First Things First: Target Behaviors
Behaviors and attitudes near end of program:
Communicative
Cooperative
Self-Aware
Improved self-esteem
Maintenance Stage of change
Open
Confident
Responses are in the eye of the behaver
Not all
punishments are
painful, and not
all painful events
are punishing.
Timing Is Everything
• Responses should be delivered
immediately
Do Due Process
• Procedural fairness
• Clear expectation explanation
• Method of delivery
• Respect and dignity
Fishing for Tangible Resources
Target Behaviors
• Don’t expect too much
 Learned helplessness and ratio burden
• Don’t expect too little
 Habituation
• Proximal vs. distal goals
• Phase specificity
• 16. Confidentiality: Establish a confidentiality
policy and procedures that guard the privacy of the
youth while allowing the drug court team to access
key information.
• Consider (Not sure what to put here) in many
jurisdictions, juvenile drug courts have the option of conducting its
hearings in the presence of all the drug court participants, their
families, and other interested parties…you may need to consider how
this may impact a culture that values its privacy
Questions/Comments
Vanessa Price
coreinc05@cox.net