Civil Rights
5
Video: The Big Picture
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ARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_C
h05_Civil_Rights_Seg1_v2.html
5
Learning Objectives
5
5.1
Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890
of African Americans and women to
win the vote
5.2
Outline developments of African
Americans’ and women’s push for
equality from 1890 to 1954
Learning Objectives
5.3
5.4
5
Analyze the civil rights movement
and the effects of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964
Assess statutory and constitutional
remedies for discrimination pursued
and achieved by the women’s
movement
Learning Objectives
5
5.5
Describe how other groups have
mobilized in pursuit of their own civil
rights
5.6
Evaluate the ongoing debate
concerning civil rights and
affirmative action
Video: The Basics
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ARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_CivilRi
ghts_v2.html
5
Roots of Suffrage
5.1
 Slavery and Congress
 The First Civil Rights Movements: Abolition
and Women’s Rights
 The 1850s: The Calm Before the Storm
 The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights
Laws and Constitutional Amendments
 Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme
Court
Slavery and Congress
 Slave trade ended 1808
 Introduction of cotton gin
 South became more dependent on agriculture
 Missouri Compromise of 1820
5.1
The First Civil Rights
Movement: Abolition and
Women’s Rights
 The American Anti-Slavery Society
 William Lloyd Garrison
 Arthur Tappan
 Seneca Falls Convention
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 Lucretia Mott
 Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?”
5.1
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
5.1
The 1850s: The Calm Before
the Storm
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Harriet Beecher Stowe
 “The little woman who started the big war”
 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
 Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional
 Declared slaves were not U.S citizens
5.1
The Civil War and Its
Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws
and Constitutional
Amendments
 Thirteenth Amendment
 Black Codes
 Fourteenth Amendment
 Equal Protection Clause
 Fifteenth Amendment
 Excluded women
 National Woman Suffrage Association
5.1
Civil Rights, Congress, and
the Supreme Court
5.1
 Civil Rights Act of 1875
 Equal access to public accommodations
 Reconstruction (federal occupation of the
South) ended 1877
 Jim Crow laws
 Poll taxes
 Grandfather clause
What did Jim Crow laws do?
5.1
5.1 Which amendment guaranteed
the right to vote without regard to
“race, color or previous condition of
servitude”?
a. Thirteenth Amendment
b. Fourteenth Amendment
c. Fifteenth Amendment
d. None of the above
5.1
5.1 Which amendment guaranteed
the right to vote without regard to
“race, color or previous condition of
servitude”?
a. Thirteenth Amendment
b. Fourteenth Amendment
c. Fifteenth Amendment
d. None of the above
5.1
The Push for Equality, 18901954
 The Founding of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People
 Key Women’s Groups
 Litigating for Equality
5.2
The Founding of the National
Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
5.2
 Race riots
 Progressive reformers worried such riots would get worse
 National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People
 Oswald Garrison Villard
 W.E.B. Du Bois
Why was the Niagara Movement founded?
5.2
Key Women’s Groups
 National American Woman Suffrage
Association
 Headed by Susan B. Anthony
 Nineteenth Amendment
 National Woman’s Party
 National Consumers League
 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
5.2
Mr. President, how long must we wait for
liberty?
5.2
Litigating for Equality
 Test Cases
 Challenged constitutionality of segregated law schools
 NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
 Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
 Struck down “separate but equal”
5.2
5.2 Which organization fought for
protections for women workers?
a. National American Woman Suffrage
Association
b. National Consumers League
c. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
d. National Woman’s Party
5.2
5.2 Which organization fought for
protections for women workers?
a. National American Woman Suffrage
Association
b. National Consumers League
c. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
d. National Woman’s Party
5.2
Video: In Context
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHA
RED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_CivilRigh
ts_v2.html
5.3
Explore Civil Rights: Are
All Forms of Discrimination
the Same?
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_oconn
or_mpslag_12/pex/pex5.html
5.2
The Civil Rights Movement





School Desegregation After Brown
A New Move for African American Rights
Formation of New Groups
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Statutory Remedies for Race
Discrimination
5.3
School Desegregation After
Brown
 “All deliberate speed”
 Brown not immediately implemented
 Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
5.3
A New Move for African
American Rights
 Rosa Parks
 Boycott of the Montgomery city bus system
 Segregated bus system ruled
unconstitutional
5.3
Rosa Parks
5.3
Formation of New Groups
5.3
 Southern Christian Leadership Conference
 Martin Luther King Jr.
 Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee
 “Freedom rides”
When is a picture worth more than a
thousand words?
5.3
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
 March on Washington for Jobs and
Freedom (1963)
 Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech
 President Lyndon B. Johnson’s priority
 Longest filibuster in Senate history
5.3
Statutory Remedies for Race
Discrimination
 Education
 Department of Justice could bring cases against
school districts
 De jure discrimination versus de facto discrimination
 Employment
 “Business necessity” of practices that excluded
African Americans
5.3
5.3 Which civil rights group was
founded by the Reverend Martin
Luther King Jr.?
a. The National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
b. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee
c. The Southern Christian Leadership
Conference
d. The Legal Defense and Educational Fund
5.3
5.3 Which civil rights group was
founded by the Reverend Martin
Luther King Jr.?
a. The National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
b. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee
c. The Southern Christian Leadership
Conference
d. The Legal Defense and Educational Fund
5.3
The Women’s Rights
Movement
 The Equal Rights Amendment
 The Equal Protection Clause and
Constitutional Standards of Review
 Statutory Remedies for Sex
Discrimination
5.4
The Equal Rights Amendment
5.4
 Two key provisions:
 Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any state on account
of sex.
 The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
 Roe v. Wade
 Eroded support for Equal Rights Amendment
Who continues to fight for the
ERA?
5.4
The Equal Protection Clause
and Constitutional Standards
of Review
 Levels of scrutiny




Suspect classifications
Strict scrutiny
Intermediate scrutiny
Rational basis
 Craig v. Boren (1976)
5.4
TABLE 5.1: What are the standards of
review fashioned by the Court under the
Equal Protection Clause?
5.4
Statutory Remedies for Sex
Discrimination
 Equal Pay Act of 1963
 Requires equal pay for equal work
 Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Prohibits gender discrimination by employers
 Title IX of the Education Amendments of
1972
 Bars educational institutions that receive federal funds
from discriminating against female students
5.4
What are the practical consequences of pay
equity?
5.4
Video: Thinking Like a
Political Scientist
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_M
EDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_CivilRights_v2.html
5.4
5.4 Which standard of review applies
to cases alleging sex discrimination?
a. Rational basis test
b. Intermediate scrutiny
c. Strict scrutiny
d. All of the above
5.4
5.4 Which standard of review applies
to cases alleging sex discrimination?
a. Rational basis test
b. Intermediate scrutiny
c. Strict scrutiny
d. All of the above
5.4
Other Groups Mobilize for
Rights





Hispanic Americans
American Indians
Asian and Pacific Island Americans
Gays and Lesbians
Americans with Disabilities
5.5
Hispanic Americans
 Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
 Jury should include other Mexican Americans
 Cesar Chavez
 United Farm Workers Union
 Mexican American Legal Defense and
Educational Fund (MALDEF)
 Puerto Rican Legal Defense and
Education Fund (renamed LatinoJustice)
5.5
Who represents Hispanic Americans
in Congress?
5.5
American Indians




Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Dawes Act (1887)
Native American Rights Fund (1970)
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
5.5
How were American Indians treated by
the U.S. government?
5.5
Asian and Pacific Island
Americans
 Pan-Asian identity
 Difficult to forge
 Free migration to support railroad
 Chinese Exclusion Act
 World War II
 Korematsu v. U.S.
 Civil Liberties Act
5.5
How were Japanese Americans treated
during World War II?
5.5
Gays and Lesbians
 Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
 Revised prohibition of gays in military
 Ended in 2010
 Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
 Same-sex marriage
 Legal only in some states
5.5
Video: In the Real World
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHA
RED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_CivilRigh
ts_v2.html
5.5
Why is same-sex marriage controversial?
5.5
Americans with Disabilities
 Disabled veterans
 Returning from Korea and Vietnam
 Americans with Disabilities Act
 Legal protections against discrimination
 American Association of People with
Disabilities
 Advocacy group
5.5
Whom does the Americans with Disabilities
Act protect?
5.5
5.5 Which of the following
encouraged assimilation of
American Indians?
a. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
b. Dawes Act
c. Lawrence v. Texas
d. Native American Rights Fund
5.5
5.5 Which of the following
encouraged assimilation of
American Indians?
a. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
b. Dawes Act
c. Lawrence v. Texas
d. Native American Rights Fund
5.5
Toward Reform: Civil Rights
and Affirmative Action
 Affirmative action
 Equality of opportunity
 Regents of the University of California v.
Bakke (1978)
 Racial quotas unconstitutional but race can be
considered when accepting applicants
 Debate continues
5.6
5.6 What did the Bakke case
establish?
a. Affirmative action programs are
constitutional.
b. Race can be one factor in determining
admissions.
c. Equality of opportunity is guaranteed in
the Constitution.
d. Affirmative action is based on rational
test.
5.6
5.6 What did the Bakke case
establish?
a. Affirmative action programs are
constitutional.
b. Race can be one factor in determining
admissions.
c. Equality of opportunity is guaranteed in
the Constitution.
d. Affirmative action is based on rational
test.
5.6
Explore the Simulation: You
Are a Mayor
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_
media_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaU
RL=6
5.6
Discussion Question
Which groups have had to struggle for civil
rights throughout American history? Why
were these groups discriminated against
and who was doing the discriminating?
What gains have these groups made in
achieving equality so far?
5
Video: So What?
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ED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch05_
Civil_Rights_Seg6_v2.html
5
Further Review:
On MyPoliSciLab
 Listen to the Chapter
 Study and Review the Flashcards
 Study and Review the Practice Tests
5