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th
A.) Pre- Civil War
1.) Slavery a.) Dred-Scott v. Sandford (1856-57)
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B.) Civil War/Reconstruction
1.) Emancipation Proclamation -
2.) 13th Amendment -
3.) Civil Rights Act of 1866
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3.)
4.) 15th Amendment -
6.) Civil Rights Act of 1875 -
C.) The Failure of Reconstruction - Jim Crow and Black Codes
1.) Civil Rights Act of 1875 Voided (1883)
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2.) Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896) -
"separate but equal" a.)
Results: Black Codes - b.) In education:
NAACP 3.) Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
4.) Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada -
5.) White Primary:
D.) The Second Reconstruction (1947-1968)
1.) Baseball (1947) and Army desegregate (1948)
2.) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) -
3.) Civil Rights Act of 1964 - "equality before the law" ,
4.) Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
5.) Voting Rights Act of 1968 -
E.) De Facto Segregation
1.) Resistance to School Busing

2.) Resurgence of Minority Schools.
a.
Public Opinion:
F.) Reverse Discrimination?/Affirmative Action -->
1.) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)-
2.) Wygant v. Jackson Board of Ed. (1986) -
3.) St. Francis College v. Al-Khazraji (1987)-
4.) Ward's Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio (1989)
5.) Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)-
6.) CCRI (1996) - California state amendment
7.) University of Michigan (2003)Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger
A.)
Gender Discrimination in the Courts and Society
1.) Traditional Roles
2.) Women's Rights Movement evolves a.) Seneca Falls Convention
1.) growth out of Abolitionist movement b.) Participation during War
1.) 19th Amendment
3.) Phase Two a.) growth out Civil Rights Movement b.) Civil Rights Act of 1964
1.) "Title Seven" c.) ERA - (1970s) d.) Title IX (Ed. Act of 1972)- see below
4.) Control Over Reproduction a.) Roe v. Wade (1973)- b.) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)- c.) Planned Parenthood of S.E. Penn. v. Casey (1992)- d.) Partial Birth Abortion- Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)
B.) Other Groups
1.) Disabled: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 : "discrimination against individuals with disabilities persists in such critical areas as employment, housing, public accommodations, education, transportation, health services, voting, and access to

public services." The ADA is broadly applicable and affects businesses with as few as fifteen employees.
2.) Gay and lesbian rights groups a.) b.)
3.) Elderly: a.)
4.) Children: fewest rights and protections a.) b.)
1.) Guns
2.) Death Penalty
5.) Immigrants a.) b.)
1.) California:
A.) Women:
1.) Sexual Harassment
2.) Title IX
B.) Education: How do you guarantee equality for all?