Chapter 1 HW: Native Peoples of America
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Why were Native Americans considered a diverse population?
Who was Hiawatha? Why was he depressed? What was he going to do about it?
What was the result of the condolence ritual?
What did almost all Native American tribes have in common?
Where did Native Americans come from?
How do oral traditions explain Native American origins in America?
What common values and practices did early Native Americans share?
Define Archaic peoples.
How did geographical changes allow Archaic peoples to flourish?
Describe the gender roles in Archaic societies.
What kinds of plants were cultivated?
Explain the process by which societies moved away from an Archaic lifestyle to a more advanced one.
What led to prosperity in Mesoamerica?
What was the influence of Teotihuacan on the development of Meso American cultures?
What makes the Aztec world one of the first multi cultural societies?
How did the Aztecs improve agricultural production?
What are chinampas?
Why was the arrival maize so important to the development of the southwest?
Why was farming a rather short-lived endeavor in the Southwest?
What made the village a focus point for the Hohokam culture?
What is the relative location of the Anasazi?
Why were they the most powerful southwest culture?
What was the name of the largest town in the Anasazi world?
What is a kiva?
What led to the fall of the Anasazi?
Which cultures replaced the Anasazi in the southwest?
How did geography affect Native American life in the Eastern Woodlands?
How does Poverty Point demonstrate Olmec influence?
What was unique about the design of Poverty Point?
What was the purpose of mound-building?
Describe the Hopewell burial traditions.
What were the distinct elements of the Mississippian cultures?
What was going on in modern-day St. Louis?
How did surplus agriculture shape Cahokia?
What did the field of archaeology reveal about the social and economic structure of Cahakia?
What enabled the Hopewell culture and religion to spread across North America?
The cultures of Poverty Point, Hopewell, Adena, and Mississippian are all very similar yet difference. Give a
significant achievement that distinguishes each culture:
Poverty Point:
Hopewell:
Adena:
Mississippian
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What were the long-term results of slash-and-burn farming?
How did most families live on the Northwest Coast?
Why did it take several centuries for farming to become a way of life among Native Americans?
Which Native American society ate the best? Explain.
Did Native Americans have contact with Europeans before Columbus? Explain.
Where was the largest percentage of Native Americans clustered?
What parts of America hosted more sedentary cultures?
Who was the primary male authority in an Iroquois household? Why?
Compare and contrast warfare in Native American societies to traditional Western values of warfare.
Why were women given more power in many Native American societies?
Explain the concepts behind manitou, waken, and orenda.
How did Native Americans gain access to the spiritual world? How did these traditions give them recognition as
adults?
Were Native American spiritual values characterized by diversity or homogeneity? Explain.
How did kinship and gender roles shape the American Indian?
What does it mean when the book says that Indian authority comes from obligations rather than authority?
What does the world reciprocity mean?
How were children disiciplined?
What does this reveal?
Describe the core societal values in Native American life.
How did these values provide the basis for leadership and authority structures among tribal communities?
What is the difference between the Indian view of reciprocity and the European view of reciprocity?
Why is reciprocity one of the most difficult concepts to maintain in human societies?
Is the USA a society of reciprocity? Explain your thoughts with carefully composed paragraph.
Chapter 2: Rise of the Atlantic World
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What was the name of the island Columbus landed on in 1492?
Besides the crew who else witnessed history in the making?
Why do you think Columbus was sure that he reached the shores of Asia?
In what ways were the people of Europe, Africa, and America intertwined?
Why do you think the conquest of Latin America was very quick and the conquest of North America very slow?
Before the time of Columbus what was the one constant in America, Africa, and Europe?
What kind of changes were occurring in America, Africa, and Europe?
Why was the Mediterranean area an important crossroads?
In what ways were religion and politics connected to trade?
Why were some Muslims and Christians able to get along?
Which Islamic empire waged a war against Christians?
What stimulated the growth of kingdoms and empires in Africa?
Which African city was a beacon of progress?
Why was the African Gold Coast critical to the European economy?
Why did kinship groups bring the societies of Africa together?
What was the West African view of marriage?
What caused high mortality rates in Africa?
What was the main reason why African agriculture was a success?
How did the market economy shape African farmers?
African religions shared something in common with Islam and Christianity. What was it?
What makes African folktales popular even to this day?
How did African societies change Islam?
What was the purpose of the Renaissance?
Which European nation benefited the most from the Renaissance?
What did Shakespeare have to say about power?
What threatened the balance of power in Europe during the Renaissance?
What was more important to Spain in 1492 than Columbus’s discovery?
What factors contributed to the plight of European peasants?
Why was land scarce and agricultural productivity low?
Why were European towns not a nice place to live?
What was the greatest consequence of rapid population growth?
Define European Reciprocity.
What was the Italian economic motto?
Define the nuclear family of Europe.
What made the nuclear family a “little commonwealth”?
What strange commonality did Jews, Christians, and Muslims share?
What sort of non Christian beliefs persisted?
Why is the Catholic priest a powerful figure?
How did indulgences make the Pope a big man?
How did indulgences turn into corruption?
Why did Martin Luther rebel against this practice?
Where did Luther find salvation?
What did John Calvin mean by pre-destination?
Why did the Anabaptists have strong followings with the poor?
What was the common ground shared by all Protestants?
What was the high point of Catholic reform?
What was the most significant change during the Protestant reformation?
Why did Henry VIII create the Church of England?
What made Queen Mary’s rule so bloody?
What was the source of tension between the Church of England and Puritans?
What is the difference between Seperatists and Non Seperatists?
What forced Elizabeth to become anti Catholic?
Why was Portugal a leader in exploration/trade?
What advances in maritime technology made exploration possible?
Who was Prince Henry?
56. What did Dias and da Gama accomplish?
57. What were the two forms of slavery in Africa during the 15th century?
58. How many Africans had been imported as slaves by the 19th century?
59. Why were slaves needed in the plantation economy?
60. Define “new slavery”.
61. What made it one of the worst things to ever happen in human history?
62. Look at sugar production on p. 36-37. Where did sugar first come from?
63. How did they extract the sugar from the cane?
64. Besides use as a sweetner, what other product is derived from sugar and in high demand?
65. What were the byproducts of sugar production?
66. How did Spain and Portugal avoid commercial conflict?
67. Who found his way across Panama?
68. Who explored for France and has a bridge in NYC named after him?
69. What are encomiendas?
70. Who was Cortez?
71. What happened at Tenochtitlan?
72. What made the Spanish conquest of Latin America complete?
73. What is the Columbian Exchange?
74. Why is this one of the great turning points of human history?
75. What region did de Vaca explore?
76. Why did the Spanish have trouble establishing a foothold along the North American Gulf Coast?
77. What was de Soto looking for?
78. How did the Pueblo Indians react to the Spanish encomiendas?
79. The first French settlers failed. Why?
80. How did French traders achieve success in establishing a colony in modern Canada?
81. Why were Indian alliances crucial to French colonial success?
82. Who opposed the French/Huron alliance?
83. Why did the call Francis Drake a sea dog?
84. What were the 2 English goals of the 1570s?
85. What colony to Raleigh found?
86. Why did it fail?
87. What word was carved in tree at Roanoke?
88. Why is the defeat of the Spanish Armada a big break for England in North America?
89. The Virginia Company of Plymouth failed. Why?
90. What colony did the Virginia Company of London establish?
91. How long ago?
92. What role did John Smith serve at Jamestown?
93. How did John Rolfe save Jamestown?
94. How did they attract laborers to Jamestown?
95. What were the 3 things that caused the Va Company of London to suffer financially?
96. Why was the death rate so high?
97. Why did King Jame revoke the Va Company of London’s charter in Jamestown?
98. What had devastated New England Indians by the 1600s?
99. Where did the Mayflower land?
100. What did all males have to sign?
101. How were the relations between the Indians and settlers in Plymouth simultaneously good and bad?
102. Why is Plymouth important to the future of the Puritans?
103. What river became the heartland of New Netherlands?
104. Why did the fur trade thrive between the Dutch and the Indians?
Enduring Vision Chapter 3 Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America Questions
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What was Sarah Horbin writing in 1692?
How many like Sarah had migrated in the 17th century?
What had the Johnson’s gained by 1625?
What was the likely reason for the disappearance of the Johnson family from Maryland records?
What was the consequence of European/African migration for American Indians?
What are reasons for England’s dominance in North America; wedging out the Dutch, French, and Spanish?
What was one of the earliest colonial regions to prosper?
What was the essential religious difference between the settlers at Plymouth and the settlers at Massachusetts Bay? (p.
55)
What was John Winthrop’s vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
How did Winthrop plan to deal with class divisions?
What percentage of John Winthrop’s party died during that first year?
Why was there little resistance to English colonization in New England?
What were “praying towns?” Why were Indians moved there?
Why did friction develop with the Pequot Indians?
What was the purpose of Harvard?
What were the benefits and drawbacks of church and state combined together?
What occurred when the English and their Indian allies attacked an Indian fort at Mystic, Connecticut? (p. 57)
Why did ministers in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Haven define a set of orthodox practices?
What was an important means of establishing orthodoxy? Hint - you had to know how to read the Bible.
Although Puritans agreed on the separation of church and state, why must there be close cooperation between the two?
Which individual was banished for disagreeing with this?
What was the only New England colony to practice religious toleration?
Who was another person to challenge the New England Way and why?
What were the followers of Anne Hutchinson called?
What was the most fundamental threat to Winthrop’s city upon a hill? (p. 58)
What was the term used to refer to those Puritans who had been saved? What must they show before they are considered
this?
What did Robert Keayne object too? What was his punishment?
What was required for men to be able to vote?
What was the significance of the town meeting in New England society?
Why were close physical settings of New England towns conducive to traditional reciprocity?
How did the close-knit New England society affect women?
Why was divorce permitted in New England?
Why were few divorces granted?
What kind of legal protections did women enjoy?
Why did families seem to fare better in New England than in England?
What was their life expectancy?
What did colonists rely on instead of cash? (p. 61)
Why did sons delay marriage?
Why did colonists support large families but not become wealthy?
What did Oliver Cromwell’s rise to power in England give Puritans hope?
Who did Oliver Cromwell prove more receptive to?
Why did the refusal of second generation New Englanders to provide a conversion story pose a problem? What did the
solution signal? (p. 61)
Why would most second generation Puritans babies remain unbaptized?
What was New England’s Indian population in 1600? In 1675?
How did European expansion into North America change Native American hunting patterns?
What was taken as collateral for Indian debts?
Why were deer and other wildlife no longer attracted to traditional hunting areas?
Why were Indian cornfields destroyed?
What were Miantonomi’s fears? (p. 62)
Why did Anglo-Indian conflict become acute during the 1670s?
Why did the tide turn against Metacom, the Indian sachem?
What was the outcome of King Philip’s War?
53. How much did King Philip’s War reduce the Indian population and what resistance was removed?
54. How did the Puritans dealings with the Native Americans’ change after King Philip’s war?
55. Page 64. How were New England Indian baskets constructed?
56. Page 65 How had the basket weaving tradition evolved over time?
57. Page 65 How did the New England Indians assimilate yet resist colonial influence through the basket weaving tradition?
58. How did the Salem witch trials signal a departure from Winthrop’s vision of a “city upon a hill”?
59. How were Virginia’s elected assemblies revived?
60. What was the established church in Virginia? (p. 68)
61. Who established Maryland?
62. Why was a Catholic haven needed?
63. How did religious toleration work out for Maryland following the passage of the Religious Toleration Act? Explain.
64. What slowed population growth in the Chesapeake?
65. Why did Chesapeake widows tend to enjoy more property rights than elsewhere?
66. Why did many indentured servants die before gaining their freedom?
67. How did Chesapeake communities differ from New England communities?
68. Why did tobacco prices shape the fortunes of Chesapeake planters?
69. How did landowners hold on after tobacco prices dropped?
70. Where were most Chesapeake plantations located?
71. What was the headright system?
72. How did indentured servitude work?
73. What was the motive for Bacon’s Rebellion?
74. What was the ratio of whites to Indians in Virginia by 1675?
75. Why did Bacon want to wage war against all Indians?
76. What happened to Bacon?
77. What is a BLT?
78. Why did indentured servitude decline in the late 1600s?
79. How did the changing composition of white America deepen racism?
80. Why did blacks seem, at the time, more suited to work the sugar cane and rice plantations?
81. Who revolutionized sugar production techniques to the benefit of the Carribbean region?
82. Why did the demand for white labor decline and the demand for slave labor increase in the Carribean?
83. Who founded Carolina?
84. What cash crops can be found there?
85. Why was slave labor a necessary ingredient to Carolina’s success?
86. What were relations like between colonists and Indians in the Carolina’s?
87. What was the benefit of good relations between the Dutch and the Iroqoius?
88. Who was involved in the beaver wars?
89. What was the social/ethnic makeup of New Netherlands?
90. Which leader conquered New Netherlands?
91. How did the patroon system bring the Dutch under firm English control?
92. What was the Inner Light?
93. What were some of the Quaker beliefs?
94. What city did William Penn establish?
95. How was the government of Pennsylvania structured?
96. Who demanded the bumper surplus crops of PA?
97. Why did Quakers in England stand “beyond the fringe of respectability”?
98. What accounts for Pennsylvania’s beginning success?
99. What conditions led to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
100. What was the greatest threat to Spanish settlement?
Enduring Vision Chapter 4 The Bonds of Empire
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Why was Alexander Garden furious?
Why did George Whitefield threaten to widen his attacks?
Why was Whitefield the first intercolonial celebrity?
Why did King Charles II dislike representative government?
How did extending royal control to North America become evident?
Why did Charles target Massachusetts for punishment?
Why did James II form the Dominion of New England?
How did Sir Edmund Andros react to democratic government in New England?
Why were American colonist alarmed at the direction the English monarchy was taking?
Why did the English ask Mary and William to intervene against James II? (p. 91)
What was created when James II fled to France?
How does the “limited monarchy” in England affect life in the colonies?
Why were William and Mary’s changes in Massachusetts disappointing for Puritans?
What overriding theme is evidenced in the revolutionary events of 1688-1689? (p. 92)
How did the “bloodless revolution” of 1688 usher in a quarter-century of warfare?
How did King William’s War change the Iroquois Confederacy’s situation?
What areas did England gain as a result of King William’s War?
How did this war reinforce British colonists loyalty to England?
How did Britain, Spain and France compete after this war?
Explain the concept of mercantilism.
How did the Navigation Acts lead to the expansion of the colonial shipping industry?
What kind of benefits did colonial tobacco and rice grower gain under increased export restrictions?
Why did the Navigation Acts encourage economic diversity? Why was this beneficial for the colonies?
How did a protected market for British consumer goods change colonial lifestyles?
How did the middle-class colonist emulate the lifestyles of their British counterparts?
How did mercantilism in Spain and France differ from mercantilism in England?
Where was France’s greatest American success?
Where did England put its income from duties, tariffs, and taxes?
Why did few French migrate to North America?
How did the Spanish view their northern colonies? (p. 97)
How many children and grandchildren did an average British colonial woman have? Why are these numbers significant?
What was the advantage of buying female slaves?
Why did Creoles have more autonomy than “new” slaves?
What country provided 100,000 immigrants during the seventeenth century? (p 99)
What country provided 120,000 settlers during this era?
What was the economic condition of most immigrants?
What was their primary port of entry?
Where did they tend to settle?
Who was the least free of the white immigrants?
Why was family heritance rather meager for most children?
How did farmers supplement their incomes? (p. 101)
Why did isolated farms resort to bartering and self-sufficiency?
Why did married women lose control of their dowries?
Why was crop rotation and other conservation-based farming practiced mainly on affluent farms?
How did urban women’s roles and responsibilities differ from their rural counterparts? (p. 102)
How much property did ten percent of New York’s wealthiest own? (p. 103)
What did economic progress mean for slaves?
What portion of their lives did slaves toil?
Why was there racial tension in Carolina?
How did the Stono Rebellion change the slave code in South Carolina?
Page 106. Who assisted Spain in Florida?
Why would Carolina slaves runaway to Florida?
What was the strategic importance of Mose, Florida?
Why was Mose such a special place for runaway slaves?
What happened to the village of Mose in 1740?
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Where did the residents of Mose end up by 1763?
Why were some former Mose residents tempted to return in 1783?
Why didn’t Georgia succeed as a debtor’s colony?
How did the war between Spain and the British expand in the 1740s? page 113
What was the result of King George’s War for the colonists of New England?
Who selected the governor of most colonies?
How did colonial assemblies assert their influence in the 1700s?
Who dominated colonial assemblies?
Why did common/ordinary colonist not participate in colonial politics?
Describe the factional political dispute in NY?
Why were rural voters at a disadvantage in the colonies?
How did England’s new Bill of Rights influence colonial politics? (p. 114)
Who comprised members of the Enlightenment? (p. 116)
How did Benjamin Franklin embody the Enlightenment spirit?
What was called the European Protestant revivalism which spread to North America? (p. 118)
Who embodied the Great Awakening?
Why do you think religious fervor impacted all social classes, races, and genders?
According to Jonathan Edwards, what was the only way to salvation?
What were William Tennents prayer meetings called?
Why did Americans distrust “zealots and sectarians”?
Explain the difference between “New Lights” and “Old Lights.”
Which protestant branch was impacted by the New Light Old Light split?
What were the problems Tennent had with Old Light ministers?
What did the New Lights really want to see in religion and church?
How did they impact education?
How did Sarah Osborn empower women?
Do you think the Great Awakening was a political or religious event or both?
Why?
Explain the major effects of the Great Awakening.
If Bob has $24 dollars and Sarah wants to borrow $15, how much did Jack spend at the movies?
Enduring Vision Chapter 5 Roads to Revolution Questions
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Why was a crowd gathered in Boston on the evening of March 5, 1770?
What had George Robert Twelves Hewes once experienced?
What would the Boston Massacre finally lead to?
What kind of stirrings did colonial resistance reflect?
What did King George’s War fail to do?
What did the French seek to do in the Ohio valley in 1753?
Who did Virginia send to persuade or force the French to leave?
Why did seven colonies send delegates to Albany?
What were the intentions of the Albany Plan of Union? Were they successful?
What did Washington’s clash in 1754 with French troops create?
What happened to General Braddock’s campaign against the French?
What developments turned the tide for the British?
What was William Pitt’s strategy?
The fall of what city effectively ended French resistance in North America?
What treaty made the British the greatest power in America?
Why was 5% of Canada’s population deported?
Where did most of these Acadians settle and what did they come to be called?
After passage of what British act did opposition in the mainland colonies arise?
What was King George III like as a leader?
What did colonial soldiers think of British officers during the French and Indian War?
Why did British officers complain of colonial soldiers?
What angered Briton’s about Pitt’s promise?
How did the War accelerate the Anglo-American consumer revolution?
Why did many colonist go into debt after the war?
Why did the war not end the British need for revenue?
Pontiac’s Rebellion indicated what about the state of post-war Anglo-Indian relations?
Why were ten thousand British troops commanded to stay in the colonies? Who paid for this?
Why did the governor of Massachusetts authorize revenue officers to employ writs of assistance?
What did the writs prove a powerful weapon against?
What did the Otis case reveal about the British constitution?
How did the purpose of the Sugar Act differ from that of the Navigation Acts?
Why was opposition to the Sugar Act largely ineffective?
How does an external tax differ from an internal tax? The Stamp Act was which kind?
Why did Grenville and his supporters feel the new tax was a small price to pay for the benefits of empire?
What were William Pitt’s arguments against taxation?
How did Grenville justify the Stamp Act?
Why did the colonists not accept the theory of virtual representation?
What did Patrick Henry urge the Virginia House of Burgessess to do?
What port suffered the most from the Sugar Act’s trade restrictions?
What produced an explosive situation in Boston?
Why did Bostonians demolish the house of Thomas Hutchinson?
Why were followers of the Sons of Liberty forbidden to carry weapons?
Why was the Stamp Act Congress remarkable?
Why did colonial elites take over leadership of the Sons of Liberty?
How did New York merchants force the Stamp Act’s repeal?
How did colonists interpret the Declaratory Act?
How did the Stamp Act reveal a chasm between England and its colonies?
According to John Locke what did people enter into to have their individual rights protected?
In what cases could people resist their government?
What did “Republicans” admire and why?
How did religion play a part in the fight for democratic ideals?
Why did Townshend’s Quartering Act arouse resetment?
Why did Townshend brush aside Grenville’s warnings and believe that his tax would not meet with opposition?
What did John Dickinson publish and what did it say?
Explain the contents of Samuel Adam’s “circular letter.”
Why was Lord Hillsborough unwise?
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What percentage of British imports were kept out by colonial non-importation?
How did John Wilkes get elected in England?
Why were there outpourings of popular support from the colonies when Wilkes was imprisoned?]
How did Wilke’s cause sharpen political thinking in the colonies?
How did nonimportation provide a unique opportunity for colonial women?
How did spinning bees constitute a resistance against the British?
Why did American merchants feel the customs commissioners had embarked on a program of customs racketeering?
Why did a crowd prevent the towing of Hancock’s ship?
Why were so many troops stationed in Boston at the time of the Boston Massacre?
Why did Lord North favor eliminating the Townshend duties?
What specifically led to the formation of the Committees of Correspondence?
What contributed to a growing sense of crisis among Indians, settlers and colonial authorities?
Why did the Proclamation Act of 1763 prove difficult to enforce?
What was the Treaty of Fort Stanwix? What did it reveal?
What had taken a heavy toll on the East India Company?
Why did North believe economic self-interest would lead colonist to accept the Tea Act? Colonist viewed it as accepting
what principle?
Why would Boston be “never more still and calm.”
Why did Madison fear a slave insurrection?
Summarize the stipulations of the Coercive Acts.
What happened at Lexingtom and Concord?
Why was the Second Continental Congress formed?
Why wasn’t the Olive Branch Petition a convincing affirmation of loyalty for King George?
Why was John Adams concerned about arming commoners?
How did Thomas Paine convince Americans to get over their affection for the king?
Why didn’t the Declaration mention Parliament specifically?
Enduring Vision Chapter 6 Securing Independence and Defining Nationhood Questions
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Why did George Washington wonder if Colonel Henry Knox was up to the task of transporting artillery from Fort
Ticonderoga to Boston?
How far and for how long did Knox and his men move the artillery?
What did the artillery force the British in Boston to do?
What did George Washington think of New Englanders?
What did the Revolution give Southerners and Northerners?
What constitution formalized the United States of America?
What two kinds of wars was the Revolution? (p. 160)
What did the colonists still hope as late a January, 1776?
What percentage of whites opposed the rebellion?
Why did the Loyalist disagree that only independence could preserve colonists’ constitutional rights?
Why did mutual hatred between Whigs and Tories exceed that of patriots and the British?
How did New England town leaders and the Virginia gentry pursue a program of political education?
Where was the proportion of Loyalists the highest? Why?
Why most recent immigrants support the British? Why?
Why did the French in Canada support the British? (p. 162)
Who doubted that their rights would be as safe in an independent nation dominated by Anglo-Americans?
What three mainland colonies did the rebel not attempt to win over?
Who would draw significant support from nonwhites and why?
Who did the Indians in the Ohio Country support during the Revolution?
Why did the Iroquois council fire at Onondaga die out?
What two major advantages did the British have at the start of the war? (p. 163).
Why did the new nation mobilize more troops than the British?
Why was Britain’s ability to crush the rebellion further weakened?
How were British forces kept supplied?
Why did British leaders face serious problems maintaining their people’s support for the conflict?
Why did the patriots face a formidable military challenge?
Why did the Continental Army have to fight in standard European fashion?
Why did the Americans experience heartbreaking defeats in the war’s early years?
Why did American only have to prolong the rebellion?
How did George Washington feel American soldiers performed best?
Why was Washington the natural choice to head the Continental Army?
What did Thomas Paine refer to when he wrote “the times that try men’s souls.”
Why did Washington decide to seize the offensive when the British were in Philadelphia?
What were the consequences of the victories at Trenton and Princeton?
Why did loyalism in New Jersey never recover? (p. 164)
What did Marquis de Lafayette’s presence indicate?
Describe the British two prong invasion that was intended to isolate New England.
Why did General Burgoyne surrender his troops to General Gates in Saratoga?
Why was Saratoga the war’s turning point?
What two battles were fought near Philadelphia? How many Continentals were killed?
Where were the Continentals forced to spend the winter?
Who single-handedly turned the Americans into a formidable fighting force?
What did the Battle of Monmouth show?
Why was the war in the west different?
How did the war in the West erupt? (p. 167)
Who did the pro-British Iroquois follow? Where did they invade?
What was the outcome of their fighting?
Why did the conflict turn into an international war? (p. 167)
Why did the British plan to seize key southern ports?
What did the British hope to find in the south?
Why had southern loyalism suffered serious blows since the war began? Explain.
What was the worst rebel defeat of the war? Why?
How did Nathanael Greene win the campaign against Cornwallis even though he lost battles to him?
Describe how why Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown.
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What did the Yorktown defeat do to the British people?
Who attended the Paris peace conference of 1782?
What treaty officially ended the Revolutionary war?
What only other war produced a higher percentage of casualties?
What significant social changes did the war bring about? Explain. (p. 173-174)
Why did Shay’s rebellion become a rallying cry of for advocates of a stronger central government?
What document did the convention in Philadelphia produce?
How did the Declaration and war dislocations cause a heightening of social tensions?
Why did some wealthy Patriots change their lifestyle?
What lesson did Captain Purvis teach Americans?
How did the Revolution change the outlook for slaves?
Why was executive power limited in most state constitutions?
Explain the difference between “Republican” and “Democrat” as understood by colonial leaders.
What was the principle behind abolishing primogeniture in Virginia?
Explain the meaning of the phrase “not worth a continental.”
What did the rejection of Morris’s plan indicate about the Articles of Confederation?
Why was New England hardest hit by an economic downturn?
What was the Confederation’s greatest challenge? Why?
What was the Jay-Gardoqui treaty all about and why wasn’t it ratified?
How did Shay’s Rebellion demonstrate inadequacy in the Article of Confederation?
What is “functional separation of powers?”
Explain the concept of federalism and its key assumption.
In what ways did the Constitution reinforce slavery?
Why was it important that every state ratify the Constitution?
In light of the Constitution, how did the framers view the roles of the “natural aristocracy” and of the American people as a
whole?
Why was the term “Anti-Federalist” hinder their cause?
What citizens were most likely to oppose the Constitution?
Why were the Anti-federalists doomed to failure?
How did the Constitution finally become ratified in New York?
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? What is their lasting significance?
AP US History Chapter 7 HW: Launching the New Republic
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Who was Andre Fagot?
What was his real mission?
What did he discover about many western Americans?
Who was interested in conspiring with Fagot?
What issues divided Americans?
What did Madison say about the first days of Constitutional Government?
What fears did the public have about the new government?
What were the first 4 cabinet positions?
What act was a first for the VP John Adams?
Why was this important?
What issues did Washington focus on?
What issues did Congress focus on?
What was a source of conflict in the cabinet?
What was Washington’s views on the purpose of elections?
What was the reality of the purpose of elections?
Why did George want out of the presidency so badly?
What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Why was this essential to have for the Judicial branch?
What did the Anti Federalists demand?
What did the 1st Amendment say?
2nd?
3rd?
8 and 9?
What was the result of Chisolm v. GA?
What was Hamilton’s background?
Why was it important for Hamilton to have Washington as an ally?
According to Hamilton what was the greatest danger?
Why did Hamilton refuse to trust the people?
How much did the US owe?
What were the recommendation in the Report on the Public Credit?
What were other ways Hamilton wanted to try to raise money?
What are the pros and cons of perpetual debt?
Why did many oppose Hamilton’s ideas?
How did Hamilton’s plans help the wealthy?
Why did southern states disregard Hamilton’s plan?
How did relocating the capitol help Hamilton and his plan?
In the long run why was Hamilton right?
What was the Report on a National Bank?
How would the bank get initial start up money?
How would the bank help the nation?
Why did Jefferson and others oppose this bank idea?
What is strict versus broad interpretation of the Constitution?
What is the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution?
Who was right? Jefferson? Hamilton?
What role did Washington play in resolving the dispute?
What were Hamilton’s accomplishments?
What did Hamilton’s followers become?
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What were their goals?
Why did southerners and westerners not support the Federalists?
Why was the Northeast/New England attracted to the Federalists?
What did the followers of Jefferson become?
What were their goals?
Why did Jefferson trust the people?
What is an excise tax?
Why did PA farmers object to a whiskey tax?
What actions did they take?
How did Washington respond?
What important message did this send?
Why did foreign affairs divide Americans deeply?
How did Spain, Britain, and France use this to their advantage?
How did the Spanish deal with Indians?
Describe the settlement of California?
How did Presidios and Missions help establish Spanish rule?
What enticing offer did Spain make to western Americans?
How did Washington deal with Spain?
What parts of the southern North America did Spain Control?
What was the Yazoo Tract?
What was the Indian Non Intercourse Act?
Why did most of Washington’s Indian policies fail?
How did slave revolts and the French Revolution shape our relations with France?
Why did some Americans favor the French despite the dangerous revolution?
What actions did France take in 1793?
How did the French try to manipulate the US?
Who was Citizen Genet?
How did Washington handle the Genet affair?
What did the Privy Council order?
What happened to 250 US ships?
What is impressments?
How did the British stir up trouble with western Indians?
How did Washington handle the problems with the British?
What did General Wayne accomplish?
Why is the Treaty of Greenville important?
What were John Jay’s goals in negotiating a treaty with Britain?
What did he actually accomplish?
How did the public react to the Jay treaty?
Evaluate the treaty?
Why is it a long term success?
What did Madison say in Federalist #10?
What were the Federalist goals for politics, foreign affairs, domestic issues, economics, and society?
What were the Republicand (Jefferson) goals for politics, foreign affairs, domestic issues, economics, and society?
What kind of party was the Republican Party?
In what way were the political battles of th e1790s worse than today?
What did Washington say in his Farewell Address?
Who won the election of 1796?
Why would it be hard to follow Wasington as president?
Who came in 2nd in the election of 1796?
What was the XYZ Affair?
How did the public react to this?
99. What steps did Adams and Congress take?
100. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
101. What were the VA and KY Resolutions?
102. What steps were taken that suggested CivilWar?
103. What made the Election of 1800 controversial?
104. What role did Aaron Burr play?
105. How did Jefferson win?
106. In colonial times where did most manufacturing take place?
107. Why were most Americans still farmers?
108. In what ways did poor farmers try to overcome poverty?
109. Who were the artisans?
110. How did the artisans change to make a higher profit?
111. Who was Samuel Slater and what did he do?
112. What rights did white women have in early US history?
113. What is republican idealogy?
114. What is the concept of Republican Motherhood?
115. In what way was the role of white women expanding?
116. Other than western settlement, what other factors led to the decline of Indians?
117. What did Seneca prophet Handsome Lake say about his people?
118. By 1790 how many African Americans were free?
119. After 1790 what steps did federal and state governments take to strip rights and freedoms from blacks?
120. What was the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793?
121. What happened in Haiti?
122. How did this shape Amcerican fears of slave revolts?
123. How did long staple cotton and the cotton gin streghthen the institution of slavery?
Chapter 8 HW: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings
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Describe Jefferson’s entrance to the presidency.
What is ironic about Marshall swearing in the new president?
In what way was TJ concialiatory?
We did TJ mean when he said “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans”?
What is the TJ legacy of the LA Purchase and the Virginia Dynasty?
How did the Federalists make things difficult for TJ?
What is the TJ philosophy of government known as Jeffersonianism?
What were some of TJ’s extraordinary achievements prior to becoming president?
What were some of the things that made TJ controversial?
How did the Callander story damage TJ?
What were TJ’s beliefs about blacks and whites?
What did TJ think was the best solution to slavery?
How did TJ want to prevent tyranny?
What is popular virtue?
What did TJ think of urban Americans?
What did TJ mean by describing his election as a revolution?
What did TJ see as a major problem?
Who was Albert Gallatin?
What did he think about taxes and federal spending?
How did TJ shape the military?
How did TJ use the navy?
How did the pirates of North Africa threaten the US?
What did European powers do to satisfy the pirates?
Was TJs pirate war worth it? Explain.
What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 do?
How did TJ view this?
What was Marbury v. Madison?
What is judicial review?
Why is this one of the biggest court cases in US history?
What happened to Sam Chase? Why?
Why was John Marshall perhaps the chief opponent of TJ?
What events led to the LA Purchase?
Who was Toussanit LOuverture?
What happened on the island of Haiti/Santa Domingo
Why was New Orleans essential to American western expansion?
How much did the LA cost?
How much did the US pay per acre of land?
What is strict versus broad/loose interpretation of the Constitution?
Which was Jefferson?
Why was he willing to be flexible for the LA Purchase?
What did the Federalists think of the LA Purchase?
How did Aaron Burr almost become president in 1800?
How did the 12th amendment changes this?
Who challenged TJ in 1804?
Why did they lose?
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Who were Lewis and Clark?
What important contributions did the expedition make to science, geography, etc?
How did Charbonneau and Sackajawea play an important role in the expedition?
Who was TJs new rival in the second term?
What happened to A. Burr?
Why did he shoot Hamilton?
What was the consequence of this tragic duel?
Who was James Wilkenson?
What did Wilkenson and Burr conspire to do?
What made the trial of A. Burr sensational?
What was the verdict?
Who are the Quids?
Who was their leader?
Why did they challenge TJ?
What was the Yazoo Land Scandal?
How did the Quids and scandal damage TJ?
What did France and Britain resume in 1803?
In what way was the US and pawn for the British and French in their on going wars?
What happened to many American merchant vessels?
Why?
What could TJ do about this?
Were the British justified in practicing impressments?
What happened to the USS Chesapeake?
Describe the TJ response to British aggression: Embargo Act of 1807?
What were the strengths of this act?
What were the weaknesses?
How did the embargo devastate New England?
Why were Americans calling TJ “Mad TOM”?
Who won the election of 1808?
How did the Federalists pull off a modest revival?
Why was Madison the perfect man to succeed TJ?
What was the Non Intercourse Act?
Was the Embargo Act really working or not?
Who were the Warhawks?
What did they want?
Who was Tecumseh?
Who was William Henry Harrison?
What was the Treaty of Ft. Wayne?
What did Tensakwata do t unite Indians?
What happened at Tippecanoe?
What role did the British play in this Indian war?
Why did the British repeal the Orders in Council?
Why did Congress declare war?
Why was this reckless?
Why did Madison go along with the warhawks?
How did the USS Constitution make history?
92. What was the result of the US invasion of Canada?
93. Who was Captain Oliver Hazard Perry?
94. What did he do to make history?
95. What was the result of the British offensive in the northern states?
96. How did the US pull off a stunning upset?
97. What did the British do to embarrass James Madison?
98. How did Dolly Madison save the day?
99. What city did the British fail to take after sacking DC?
100.
What song was written to celebrate this victory?
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Why were the British ready to make peace?
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What was signed in Ghent?
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What happened a few days later?
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How did Andrew Jackson emerge as a national hero?
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What did the Federalists decide at the Hartford Convention?
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What major changes did they have in mind?
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Why did the Hartford Convention go nowhere?
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What happened at Fort McHenry?
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Who was Francis Scott Key?
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How did the frontier Kentucky soldiers contribute to victory at New Orleans?
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What were the 3 major political consequences of the War of 1812?
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What was Henry Clay’s American System?
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What did newspapers mean when they described the post war times as the Era of Good Feelings?
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Why was this a false title? What problems were emerging?
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What was the result of the case of Dartmouth College v. Woodward?
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What was the result of the case of McCullough v. Maryland?
117.
Why is John Marshall one of the biggest figures in US History? What makes him as influential as a
successful president?
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How did Missouri threaten the union of the US?
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What solution did Henry Clay create?
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What were the merits of the Missouri Compromise?
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What was weak about the compromise?
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Who was the Secretary of State for Monroe?
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What was the Rush Bagot Treaty
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What was the British American Convention?
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How did Adams/Monroe deal with the Spanish and Seminoles in Florida?
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What was the Adams Onis Treaty?
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Why was this one of the best treaties in US History?
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What was the Monroe Doctrine?
129.
Why is this one of the key foreign policy achievements of US History?
130.
Who was James Monroe?
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Why is he one of our best presidents?
Chapter 9 HW: The Transformation of American Society
1. Who was Alexis de Tocqueville?
2. What was he did he observe on the Mississippi River?
3. What did Tocqueville discover about real Indians compared to the ones he read about in the book Last of the
Mohicans?
4. What did Tocqueville say in his book about Americans?
5. Where did most Americans live in 1790?
6. Where did most Americans live in 1840?
7. What factors shifted the population to the west?
8. What new states were added in the 1790s?
9. Why did states like Ohio grow so rapidly?
10. How did railroads and canals help western growth?
11. How did westerners enjoy themselves in leisure time?
12. What is gander pulling?
13. How was labor divided between men and women?
14. How was the pioneer woman different from the eastern woman?
15. What did easterners think of westerners?
16. What did westerners think of easterners?
17. What is a half savage yokel?
18. What is the location of the far west?
19. Who was Jedidiah Smith?
20. Why did Americans love stories about the Mountain Men?
21. What was the Land Ordinance of 1785?
22. What was the Land Ordinance of 1787?
23. What did the Federal Government do with 6 million acres of western land?
24. What happened to Indian lands between the Miss. River and the Appalachian Mtns?
25. Who were the 5 Civilized Tribes?
26. What was the Phoenix?
27. In what way had the 5 Tribes assimilated into US society?
28. By the 1820s what was happening to southern Indian lands?
29. What did Andrew Jackson think of the status of Indians?
30. What steps did John Ross take to save Cherokee land?
31. What was the Indian Removal Act?
32. What was the result of Cherokee v. GA?
33. What was the result of Worcerster v. GA?
34. Why did Marshall side with the Indians?
35. Why did his ruling have little impact?
36. What was the Treaty of New Echota?
37. What was happening to the Cherokee?
38. Why was the Trail of Tears tragic?
39. What did Red Bird and Black Hawk attempt to do?
40. Who won the Black Hawk War?
41. How much did the US pay for 190 million acres of Indian land?
42. How did wheat, corn, and cotton lead to an agriculturual boom?
43. Who was buying this stuff?
44. How did Eli Whitney shape the south?
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How did the growth of agriculture impact westerners and southerners?
What is the market economy?
What is the role of debt in the market economy?
How did land speculators take advantage of the federal government?
What was the Federalist view on government western lands?
What was the Republican view on government western lands?
How did credit feed land speculation?
Why was land speculation a recipe for economic disaster?
Who were squatters?
What could be done about squatters?
Between the small farmer, the speculator, and the squatter which is the ultimate loser?
WhY/
How did state banks contribute to the Panic of 1819?
What happened to European demand for US crops?
What did the Bank of the US do to state banks in 1818?
How did this start a chain reaction?
Why did the speculator pay the highest cost of the Panic?
What did Americans think of banks after the Panic?
What was the Clermont and who is Robert Fulton?
How did steamboats play a vital role in the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys?
Why were some steamboats extremely opulent?
What made the Erie Canal a major achievement?
What is the long term impact of the Erie Canal?
By the 1840s what new invention competed with canals?
Which was the best mode of transportation?
WhY?
Why did it take so long for railroads to catch on?
What happened to the population of NYC between 1820 and 1860?
What accounts for urban growth?
Why were western towns such as Cincinatti and Louisville growing so fast?
How did St. Louis and New Orleans turn into major cities overnight?
What cities did the Erie Canal give birth to?
Who was Samuel Slater?
What important contribution did he make?
What was the difference between the work schedule of the farmer vs. factory workers?
How did industrialization change everyday life for consumers?
Why did the Era of Good Feelings generate tariffs?
What is a tariff?
How did industrialization weaken farmers?
Who provided Britain with a cheap source of factory labor?
What contribution did Eli Whitney make to industry?
Who was Francis Cabot Lowell?
How did Lowell transform New England?
Who were the mill workers in Lowell, Mass?
Where did the workers live?
How did mill managers increase productivity and efficiency?
91. Why were mill jobs important to independence of women?
92. Who were the artisans of NYC and Philadelphia?
93. How did they make a living?
94. How did industrialization threaten this?
95. How did the unskilled worker destroy the artisan?
96. Which artisans survived this period?
97. What observation did de Tocqueville make about American inequality?
98. What was the gap between the rich and poor in the 1830s?
99. 1840s?
100.
What was happening to Americans?
101.
What were the reasons for extreme poverty?
102.
What did poverty mean to the average American in the antebellum?
103.
What is the antebellum?
104.
Who were the poorest whites in America?
105.
What important contribution did the Irish make?
106.
Why did Americans kick the Irish down with Nativism?
107.
What was the status of Free Blacks in the north?
108.
What kind of discrimination did free blacks face in the north?
109.
How did they respond to this?
110.
What is an AME church?
111.
What are the middling classes?
112.
Why are they the most important group of Americans for this time?
113.
How did the market economy help and hurt the middling classes?
114.
Why were members of the middling classes attracted to professions of high status and skill?
115.
How many medical schools were there in 1765? 1830?
116.
What did individualism mean to the American of the 1830s and 40s?
117.
Why was self reliance essential to American character?
118.
What was the separate sphere for women?
119.
Why did Americans attack professionals with intense criticism?
120.
How did the 2nd Great Awakening shape this criticism?
121.
In what way were professional totally unprofessional?
122.
Where did family authority come from in the 1830s?
123.
Who challenged this authority?
124.
Why?
125.
Why were young Americans so head strong and independent?
126.
Who were the moralists?
127.
How did they try to guide the youth?
128.
How were the relationships between wives and husbands changing?
129.
What is the doctrine of separate spheres?
130.
How did Andrew Jackson Downing contribute to this?
131.
How were women gaining new powers as wives and mothers?
132.
What led to the decline in birthrate for the middle class?
133.
What were vertical relationships in American society?
134.
Why did Americans love to join voluntary associations, clubs, etc?
135.
What were horizontal relationships in American society?
136.
Why is this an important change in US society?
Chapter 10 HW: Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform
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Who was Lafayette?
What did he think of America in 1824?
What was true of American birthdates by 1824?
How does Lafayette’s visit embody The Era of Good Feelings?
Did Lafayette visit Loudoun?
Did he visit Briar Woods?
What was the name of the new political party?
What happened to the Federalists?
Why did many think politicians were scoundrels?
In what way had religion become more democratic?
What did religious revivals inspire outside of church?
IN what way were Americans of the 1830s different from the Americans who founded the country?
Who were the 4 leading politicians of 1824?
How did the Republican party that dominated for 24 years come apart?
In the past Gentleman dominated politics, who dominated in the 1820s?
How did politics become more democratic?
What new methods did politicians use to attract votes?
What were caucuses and conventions?
Who were the candidates in the election of 1824?
How did Andrew Jackson become so popular?
How did Jackson lose an election when he had the popular votes?
What role did Clay play in the election of JQ Adams?
Why was JQ Adams a failed president?
How did Jackson capitalize on the fall of JQ Adams?
How did Martin Van Buren contribute to the rise of Jackson?
What was the Albany Regency?
Why is this an important political development/
What made the election of 1828 one of the nastiest of all campaigns?
What did the Adams campaign say about Jackson? His wife?
What did Jacson say about Adams?
Why was this election a slam dunk for Jackson?
What is the spoils system?
How did Jackson use the spoils system?
What is wrong with the spoils system?
Why is the Jackson veto of the Kentucky Maysville Road Bill a big deal?
How did the Indian Removal Act make Jackson popular?
How did tariffs help the north and hurt the south?
What made the Tariff of 1828 so controverisial?
Who was John C. Calhoun?
What did he call the tariff?
What paper did he write?
What principal did Calhoun assert in this paper?
What previous actions from Jefferson and Madison justified Calhoun’s views?
Why was he a dangerous man?
What other events inflamed the south to rally around men like Calhoun?
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How did Jackson handle the tariff issue?
Why was it brilliant?
Why did Calhoun oppose Jackson’s good plans?
Who was John Eaton?
How did the Jackson cabinet treat Peggy Eaton?
What did Jackson do about it?
Why?
What toasts did Jackson and Calhoun exchange at the Jefferson Day dinner?
What was the Force Bill?
What was the Compromise Tariff?
What was Jackson trying to accomplish with the olive branch and sword approach?
Did it work?
If Calhoun had 5 dollars, and Clay gave Jackson 75 cents, how much would be left over for Peggy Eaton?
Was Civil War between the north and south a real possibility during the nullification crisis?
What was Jackson’s views on the income gap between the poor and rich?
How did Jackson think the rich should get richer?
What did Jackson think of the Bank of the US?
Why did Jackson veto the rechartering of the National Bank?
Why did Clay support the Bank?
How did Clay plan to get around the Jackson veto?
Why did Jackson beat Clay in the election of 1824?
What is paper currency?
What is hard currency or specie?
How did they fit into the bank controversy?
What was dangerous about banks, currency, economics, and politics during this time?
How did Jackson destroy the Bank of the US?
What are pet banks?
How did this create the Panic of 1837?
What was the Deposit Act?
Who were the Locofocos?
What kind of reforms did they want?
How did they get such a wacky name?
Why did many Americans support the Whig party?
Why were reformers attracted to the Whig party?
What is the Anti Masonry movement?
What was the perception of the Mason Order?
How many Whig Candidates were there in the election of 1836?
Who won?
How did the war on the National Bank start an economic chain reaction?
Who were the Millerites?
What was the Specie Circular?
Why did it make things worse?
Who is really to blame for the Panic of 1837?
Why did the people blame Van Buren?
What nickname did he pick up?
Why did the Independent Treasury Act fail?
92. Who won the election of 1840?
93. What was the campaign slogan?
94. Why is this perhaps the first modern election?
95. In what way had the 2 party system matured by 1840?
96. Why did de Tocqueville call religion a political institution?
97. What was the 2nd Great Awakening?
98. Where did it start?
99. Why was the 2nd coming of Jesus a powerful motivator to go back to church?
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What happened at the Cane Ridge Revival?
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Why were Americans drawn to emotional outpourings during the revivals?
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How did the 2nd Great Awakening help settle rowdy regions down like the south and the west?
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Who was Charles Finney?
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What was different about his brand of the 2nd Great Awakening?
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What is the Burned Over District?
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Why is Finney one of the biggest figures of this time period?
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According to Finney what is the divine spirit?
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What did he mean that sin is a voluntary act?
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What did Finney say Americans could do?
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How was this different from the Calvinist ideas of the past?
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Who were the Unitarians?
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What made them attractive for wealthy and educated Americans?
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What did William Channing say about human nature?
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Who are the Mormons?
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What is the full name of their church?
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Who was the founder?
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As a young man why was Smith torn over religion?
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According to Smith what did he discover?
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How was he able to dicepher his discovery?
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Who was Lehi?
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What did he say about Jesus in the New World?
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What did he claim about American Indians?
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Why was Smith’s new revelations to the Bible a powerful attractant?
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Where did the Mormons move to?
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What was the revelation of polygamy?
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What did Smith announce in 1844?
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Who were the Gentiles?
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Why did many Americans persecute the Mormons?
Enduring Vision Chapter 11 Questions Technology, Culture, and Everyday Life 1840 to 1860
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What was wrong with Issac Singer’s life back in 1850?
What technological break through did Singer achieve?
What made him a scoundrel?
What did the manufacture of guns and sewing machines have in common?
What was the dark side of techonogical improvements?
What did Webster think of technology?
What did Sarah Bagley have to say about technology?
Were the advances in technology worth the turmoil it created in the lives of everyday Americans?
What made farming difficult on western lands?
What was the contribution of John Deere?
What is the popular phrase about John Deere equipment?
Where was Cyrus McCormick from?
How did his reaper change the course of agriculture?
How did eastern farmers stay in competition with western farmers?
What was the nickname given to the US way of interchangeable parts?
What is the major advantage of an interchangeable part?
What was Samuel Morse’s great advancement?
How did Boston use this device?
Why is the railroad the most important of all techonological advancements?
Why were travelers less likely to use the early trains?
By the 1850s what had made RRs the way to go?
Why were most railroads in the north and not the south and west?
How did railroads shape the growth of towns not next to a river?
Why did they call RRs the first big business?
Why did New York City become the nerve center for new RR construction?
How did technology shape the cost of goods?
Most of the time technology hurt the wages of workers but in some ways it helped, can you explain?
What were the wages earned by women and children?
How did the cost of living impact prosperity for Americans?
What was the most expensive aspect of the cost of living?
What was the the patent office doing on an unprecedented scale?
What are some examples of new techonology improving the comfort of living?
What kind of houses did most Americans in cities and towns live in?
What was a tenement?
Why was city housing very dangerous?
What kind of houses did the wealthy have in the cities?
How did the rich enhance their city life?
What kind of houses did rural Americans live in?
What are some examples of major advancements to make everyday life more convenient?
Why was the construction of an aqueduct to NYC essential?
How did one get a bucket of water in the city?
What was distasteful about BO or body odor in the 1850s?
Why was the flushing toilet a really big deal?
What did Catherine Beecher tell women they should do thanks to technology?
What happened in New Orleans?
Why were so many Americans perishing at an alarming rate?
What was done to curb epidemics?
Why was it not possible to create a truly healthy environment for people to live back then?
What major break thru did doctors discover?
How did anesthesia change medicine?
What happened to most wounded soldiers in the Civil War?
52. What improvements were doctors going to have to make in the future to save patients?
53. What are hyrdropathic sanitoriums?
54. How did it work?
55. Who was Sylvester Graham?
56. What did he suggest to live longer?
57. Why was he so popular?
58. What is phrenology?
59. How did it work?
60. What made this science a joke?
61. What did Americans do to have fun?
62. Who was PT Barnum?
63. By 1830 how many pages long were newspapers?
64. How did technology change the newspaper business?
65. What new styles of reporting emerged?
66. What were the 2 papers that dominated the news business?
67. Why did so many Americans go to the theater?
68. What were prostitutes doing there?
69. Why had the theater changed little in behavior since Roman times?
70. What plays did Americans like the most?
71. Why?
72. What was a ministrel show?
73. Who were the actors?
74. How did they worsen stereotypes?
75. Why did Americans love these shows the most of all?
76. What brand of entertainment did PT Barnum create?
77. What made him an empresario?
78. How did Barnum utilize advertising and newspapers?
79. Why was the antebellum a renaissance for American art and literature?
80. What two conditions or factors made the American Renaissance possible?
81. What was unusual about female authors for this period?
82. Who was James Fenimore Cooper?
83. Why did Americans love his books so much?
84. What was his best seller?
85. Who was Emerson?
86. What is transcendentalism?
87. Why was transcendentalism perfect for these times?
88. Why did the intellectual youth of America connect with the transcendentalists?
89. What was in the book Walden?
90. What was Margaret Fuller’s literary contribution?
91. Why is Walt Whitman perhaps our greatest national poet?
92. How did Hathorne Melville and Poe differ from Emmereson and Whitman?
93. Why were Americans drawn to tales like Moby Dick?
94. Where did Poe go to college?
95. Who wrote the Scarlet Letter?
96. Why do English teachers torture students with books from this period?
97. Most Americans who could read did not read this stuff, What did they read?
98. Why?
99. Who are the Hudson River Painters?
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What is unique about them?
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Who was Frederick Law Olmstead?
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Why were American painters fascinated with nature?
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Why is chapter 11 so long? What was the purpose? Why so much pain?
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Let’s read it again, come on it will be fun. True or False?
Chapter 12: The Old South and Slavery 1830 to 1860
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What did Nat Turner do?
Who inspired him?
How much damage did he do?
Where did this happen?
How did whites respond to Turner?
What did Turner say in his book?
What did the Nat Turner episode reveal about the state slavery and the relations between master and slave?
Describe the rift between the upper south and lower south over slavery?
Why was cotton king of the south?
Where had the cotton kingdom spread to?
What had changed about the south since colonial times?
Where were southerners moving to?
What was the lure?
How did the cotton gin transform the south?
In what way did corn and cotton go hand in hand?
What is ironic about the wealth of the south?
What cash crops dominated the lower south?
Upper south?
How did this difference influence slave trading?
Why did only 1/3 of the US population live in the south?
What made industrialization of the south difficult?
In what way was the Tredegar Ironworks a contradiction?
Why were southerners slow to move towards public education?
Was the south backward and lethargic?
In what way were southerners more progressive?
What are the percentage breakdowns for slave owners in the south?
What are the 4 main social groups of the south?
In which region did planters dominate?
In what way did non slave holding farmers, professionals, and artisans depend on slavery?
What characteristics describe wealthy planters like Wade Hampton?
What made the elegant life of the plantation owner appear attractive?
Why was this a façade in reality?
How did the plantation economy prevent the planter for long term profitability?
Why was the wife of a planter in misery?
Why is southern hospitality a blessing for the traveler and a curse for hostess?
How did the southern wife of a planter deal with infidelity?
Who were the small slave holders?
What did the aspire to?
Where did they move?
Who were the Yeoman farmers?
Why did they not need slaves?
Why did they go along with slavery?
What was the key to their economic success?
How many were in the group?
Why is the yeoman farmer the most important group in the south?
Who are the people of the barren pines?
What were their views on land?
What did they think of slavery?
How did they make a living?
Why did they pursue leisure and pastimes instead of profit?
What stereotype dogged them?
Did they deserve this? Why? Why not?
How did the 4 social classes interact?
In what way was their conflict between the classes of slavery?
In what way was their consensus over slavery?
56. What book did Hinton Helper write?
57. What stirring conclusion did he reach about slavery?
58. What was the south’s great fear when it came to emancipation and integration?
59. What were the chief pro slavery arguments?
60. How did the Bible help defend slavery?
61. How did southerners resolve arguments and challenges to honor?
62. What was this gentleman’s code?
63. Was it chivalry or bloodshed to fight a duel? Why?
64. Why did dueling persist for so long?
65. Which evangelical churches dominated the south?
66. What were their views on dueling and slavery?
67. Were the masters of slaves kind and benovelent or cruel?
68. Why does the book insist neither is true?
69. How were slaves really treated?
70. In what way did slavery change from the 1700s to 1830?
71. What was the rule of discipline?
72. What were a slaves work hours?
73. What days did they get off?
74. What was the role of the overseer?
75. What remembrances did Frederick Douglas have on slavery?
76. How did a slave couple get married?
77. What was unique about the slave family?
78. Why is the woman the centerpiece to the slave family?
79. What hardships did she overcome?
80. How?
81. How did the horrors of slavery strengthen the family?
82. What is a kin network?
83. How did these kinship ties connect back to the west African culture?
84. What was the typical diet of slaves?
85. How did they supplement their diets?
86. In what way did they become entrepreneurs?
87. How did slaves find a legal way off of the plantation?
88. What percentage of blacks were freed slaves?
89. What was the legal status of a freed slave?
90. How many rights did they have?
91. Why did free blacks stay in the south?
92. How many major slave revolts were there?
93. Why not more?
94. What methods did slaves use to resist slavery?
95. Why was escaping to freedom a very difficult thing to achieve?
96. What became the best way to resist slavery?
97. Did this work? Why or why not?
98. What is pidgin?
99. Who was the most revered figure in black culture?
100. In what way is the black church a melting pot of protestant worship and West Africa?
101. How did music and dance shape everyday life for the slaves?
102. What makes gospel music of the black church a true American original?
Chapter 13: Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict 1840 to 1848
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How many Mormons followed Joseph Smith across the US?
What is Deseret?
What did the Governor of Missouri say about Mormons?
How did the Mormon tame Deseret?
Who are the Gentiles and why did they hate Mormons?
What views did many politicians like James Polk have on the west and immigration?
How many immigrants come over from Germany?
From Ireland?
What was the pushing the Germans and Irish out of Europe?
What was pulling the Germans and Irish to the US?
Describe the culture shot an immigrant was bound to face upon arrival?
Where did they tend to settle in the US?
What qualities did the Germans bring to the US that would add to our national identity?
Why were Nativists especially tough on Germans?
How did they overcome this hatred?
Why was Irish labor a key to American prosperity?
How was he a threat to the Nativist factory worker?
What kinds of stereotypes did the Irish immigrant fight to overcome?
Why was America intensely Anti Catholic?
How did the Panic of 1837 contribute to the anti immigrant sentifment?
Who are the Nativists?
What were their arguments against immigrants?
How did they try to implement their agenda?
What was decided in the court case Commonwealth v. Hunt?
What divided the antebellum working class?
Who are Forty Eighters?
How did reformers try to help the immigrants?
What made the Great Plains a barrier to western settlement?
What made the Great Plains a last haven for Indians?
What is considered the Far West?
Why was America slow to move and take this vast region?
Who were the first to settle California?
What was a presidio?
How did Far West trade thrive/
What brought Americans to Texas?
What is an empresario?
What roll did Stephen Austin play in the settlement of Texas?
How did Santa Anna complicate Mexican Texan relations?
What prompted the Texas Revolution?
Why is the Alamo an important mile stone in US History?
What happened to Davey Crockett?
What happened to Bert and Ernie?
What role did Sam Houston play?
What is significant about San Jacinto?
What made Oregon a farmers paradise?
What were the major overland trails?
What hazards would a wagon train to Oregon face?
How did the movement of settlers start the next round of Indian Wars?
Who won the election of 1840?
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What did the Whigs stand for?
How did John Tyler create a presidential disaster?
Where was he born?
Why did Tyler continue to use the veto over and over and over?
Why was annexing Texas proving to be a difficult matter?
Who won the election of 1844?
What is a dark horse candidate?
What did Polk understand about Americans in 1844?
Why did Clay fail to win another election?
What is the Manifest Destiny?
What was the slogan Forty Four Forty or Fight?
Was this destiny real or imagined?
Why did Americans follow the lead of dangerous expansionsist leading the nation?
Was the possibility of war in Oregon real or imagined?
How was the situation resolved?
What events lead the US to war with Mexico?
How did the Rio Grande and Nueces river play on important part in the war debate?
Who was John Slidell?
Why did Mexico refuse the offer?
What happened to Gen. Taylors’s soldiers in April of 1845?
In what way is the Mexican War and the War of 1812 similar?
Who emerged as an early hero in the war?
What happened at Monterrey?
Who was Winfield Scott?
What happened at Buena Vista?
How did Scott’s plans seem similar to Cortes?
Who was Stephen Kearney?
What did he accomplish?
Who was John C Fremont?
Who assisted Gen. Scott’s takeover of Mexico?
Why did Mexico fail so miserably in the war?
What are the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
How did the Mexican War change the Missouri Compromise?
How did patriotism retard the discussion on slavery?
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Why did it spark a slave debate?
Did it pass?
Who won the election of 1848?
What made Taylor the perfect man for the job?
Why were the Whigs, Free Soilers, and Liberty party never going to win an election?
What was discovered in California?
What impact did this have?
How many moved to California?
Why is the ship the Flying Cloud an important part of the California story?
From Compromise To Secession Ch 14
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Discussion Questions
Name:
What was the true identity of Isaac Smith?
What were his plans?
What did he do on Oct. 16, 1859?
What were the consequences of his actions?
What did Emerson predict?
What were the 3 possible solutions to problem of slave states and free states?
Which was the best?
Why?
What problem did abolitionists have with DC?
What problem did southerners have with the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793?
What was Taylor’s position on slavery in 1848?
What was his strategy with California?
Why did it backfire?
Clay proposed 6 parts to a compromise on the slave questions. What were they?
How did Clay plan to have the bills passed in Congress?
What was Calhoun’s role in the debate on the compromise of 1850?
What was Webster’s role?
What was Clay’s role?
What did Taylor die from?
Why was his death a blow or a blessing in disquise?
Why?
Did the compromise work in the short term?
Did the compromise work in the long run?
How did northern states attempt to bypass the Fugitive Slave Laws?
What happened to fugitive slave Anthony Burns?
What does this episode reveal?
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
What was it about?
Why was it so popular?
What was the impact of the book?
How did the Democrats win the election of 1852?
Why is the election of Pierce the end of the 2nd party system?
Who was Senator Stephen Douglas?
What did he propose to expand settlement in the west?
What controversial ideas did he include in his proposal?
How did Douglas get the Congress to pass the KN-NB Act?
Who were the Free Soilers?
What did they stand for?
What was the last chapter of the Manifest Destiny?
What was the Ostend Manifesto?
How did it end the Manifest Destiny?
Why did the Whigs collapse in 1854-55?
How did the Know Nothing Party start?
Why were they so popular in the mid 1850s?
Why did they collapse on the issue of slavery?
Why did the new Republican Party have broader appeal than the Know Nothing Party?
How did abolitionists plan to shape the future of Kansas?
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How did pro slavery southerners plan to shape the future of Kansas?
What was the Lecompton government?
Why did they send people to Lawrence Kansas?
How did John Brown make a name in history in the state of Kansas?
What does Bleeding Kansas tell us about the future of popular soverienty?
How and why did James Buchanan win the election of 1856?
Why did the American and Know Nothing Parties fade from politics?
Who was Dred Scott?
What did the court decide about his status as a slave?
What were the consequences of the decision?
Who was the judge? What did he own?
What was the Lecompton Constitution?
Why was its ratification important to the future of Kansas?
What was the Lincoln-Douglas debate? When? Results?
What was the Freeport Doctrine? Why was it flawed?
Lincoln lost the bid to become a senator. What did he gain from defeat?
Why did secession gain significant consideration by southerners after Harpers Ferry?
Why were the Democrats running 3 candidates in 1860?
How did Lincoln gain election?
What did South Carolina do in response to the election of Lincoln?
How did Abe try to pacify and reassure the south?
What did Hinton Helper say about slavery?
What compromise did John Crittenden propose?
Why did it fail?
How did the firing on Fort Sumter shape the decision of other southern states?
What did Robert E. Lee do when Virginia seceded?
How many volunteers did Lincoln call for?
Chapter 15: Crucible of Freedom The Civil War 1861 to 1865
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What made the situation at Fort Sumter so delicate for President Lincoln?
How did Lincoln turn the situation around and force Jefferson Davis to make the choice between peace and war?
How many US soldiers were killed at Fort Sumter?
Why did Lincoln issue a call for 75,000 volunteers?
How did upper south states such as Virginia respond to the Lincoln’s call for volunteers?
How many total states were in the Confederacy?
According to the chart on page 339 who had the clear advantage in military strength and resources?
Why did slave states such as Maryland and Missouri remain loyal to the Union?
Why did both sides believe the war would last only a few months?
What were the notable advantages held by the Confederacy during the war?
What was the main strategy of the US during the war?
What nickname did the strategy get?
What was the Confederacy’s strategy to win?
Where was the first major battle fought?
Who helped the south win this battle and what was his nickname?
What did civilians decide to do during the Battle of Bull Run?
How many more soldiers did Lincoln enlist into the US army after Bull Run?
Who became Lincoln’s new top general?
Who captured Fort Donelson in Tennessee?
What nickname did he earn?
How many soldiers were killed or wounded at the Battle of Shiloh?
What city did Admiral David Farragut capture?
How was this a blow to the Confederacy?
What was unique about the naval battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac?
How did General George McClellan plan to end the war and bring victory to Lincoln?
What was his major flaw?
Who took over command of the defense of Richmond?
What is the name of the series of stunning rebel victories that saved Richmond?
What was the result of the Battle of Second Manassas?
How did General McClellan get very lucky in Maryland?
What is unique about the Battle of Antietam?
Why did Lincoln fire McClellan after winning a close battle?
According to William Yancey, why did the British oppose siding with the Confederacy and remain neutral?
What was the Trent Affair?
How did Lincoln avoid upsetting Republicans and the British?
By 1862 what had changed about Lincoln views on slavery?
What was the name of Lincoln famous order on the issue of slavery?
How did slaves and free blacks react to Lincoln’s new proclamation?”
Why were many northerners opposed to freeing slaves?
What was the reaction of Jefferson and the south to the new Lincoln Proclamation?
How did Lincoln react to dissent during the civil war?
What is habeaus corpus?
Can the government take away your free speech rights during a war?
Who were the Copperheads?
How did they pose a serious threat to Lincoln and US victory?
How did the new conscription laws change the war?
Why did most of the Cherokee Indians side with the Confederacy during the war?
What led to the draft riots in New York City in the summer of 1863?
What is important about Mary Chestnut’s diary?
What was wrong with Confederate money?
By the end of the war, how much of the US army was made up of African American soldiers?
Did the US government pay white and black soldiers the same?
What happened at Fort Pillow in Tennessee?
How did the 54th Massachusetts distinguish itself during the Battle of Fort Wagner?
What did many slaves in the south do as the US army occupied southern states?
What led to extreme shortages of food and supplies in the Confederacy?
How did President Jefferson Davis avoid a full blown riot in Richmond, VA?
How did the war stimulate the northern economy?
What is the income tax and how did it pay for the cost of the civil war?
What made army life for both sides a living hell?
How did Clara Barton contribute to ease suffering during the war?
Why did prisoners of war from both sides suffer terribly behind bars?
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
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95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
What made Andersonville, Georgia notorious?
How did Frank Haskell describe the Confederate attack known as Pickett’s Charge?
After the charge what had happened to most of the Confederates?
What made the Battle of Chancellosrville Lee’s greatest victory?
What happened to Lee’s best general?
Why did Lee decide to invade the North? What was he hoping to achieve?
After three days of combat, how many men total had died or been wounded?
Why is Gettysburg the turning point of the civil war?
What happened in Vicksburg, Mississippi at the same time as Gettysburg?
What had Grant achieved in his victory at Vicksburg?
How did Lincoln choose to honor the dead at Gettysburg?
In what way did this address help the nation?
What happened to Confederate morale after Gettysburg and Vicksburg?
Who were the top two generals for Lincoln that would eventually win the war?
How did Grant plan to win the Civil War in the east?
Why did the newspapers call Grant a “butcher”?
After capturing Atlanta, how did William Sherman win victory in the west?
What was his new strategy called?
Why did this work so well?
How did Lincoln win reelection in 1864?
What happened on April 9th, 1865?
How did Grant and Lee emerge as national heroes at Appomattox?
How did Garland White describe the occupation of Richmond by US Colored Troops?
What political changes did the civil war bring to the nation?
In what way were the political changes intrusive into civilian lives?
How did the National Banking Act of 1863 help the nation progress?
What happened to most southern prosperity during the war?
About how many Americans (north and south) died in the war?
How did the 13th amendment change America forever?
What did Robert E. Lee do with his life after the war?
What happened to his house Arlington?
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
What did he do on April 14, 1865?
How did the nation react to Lincoln’s death?
What was the Union's most important military victory? What was the Confederacy's? Describe the circumstances, the military leaders, and their strategies.
Why did the victorious army win? Why, in each instance, was the victory important?
Discuss the expectations of Union and Confederate soldiers at the beginning of the war and the realities that they faced on the battlefield.
how did the Civil War affect each of the following: northern factory workers, southern plantation workers, northern industrialists, southern planters, and
northern and southern women?
The Civil War raised the hopes of several groups in American society that their grievances might be addressed in the near future. Explain why this was so,
with specific reference to blacks and women.
compare the approaches of the Union and the Confederacy in dealing with the following wartime challenges: manning and supplying their armies, public
finance, and political dissent.
why did the South lose the Civil War, and why did the North win? Why did the war last four years? Discuss the following for both the North and the South:
war goals, economic strengths and weaknesses, public finance, military and naval strengths and weaknesses, relations with the rest of the world, and
political systems.
discuss Abraham Lincoln as president. What was his style of leadership? Was he, as his critics charged, a yokel? Was he a conservative or a radical? What,
especially, were his attitudes toward slavery and the Union?
compare and contrast the economic impact of the Civil War on the Union and on the Confederacy.
in 1861, President Lincoln asserted that he had no intention of interfering with slavery where it already existed. Two years later, however, he changed his
position and issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Why? What were the practical and the ideological considerations? What did the proclamation do, and
what did it not do? Should and could Lincoln have gone further?
radical Republicans viewed the Civil War as a second American Revolution. What did they mean? Were they correct?
that major advantages did the Union and Confederacy possess? What disadvantages? How did those advantages and disadvantages influence the course
and outcome of the war?
The Crisis of Reconstruction
Ch 16 Discussion Questions Name:
1.
How did Felix Haywood feel after the Civil War?
2.
What was his occupation?
3.
What did “colored folks” do after the War?
4.
Where did he eventually settle?
5.
What did he expect freedom to make blacks?
6.
What was the mood of the South after the War?
7.
What two unprecedented challenges did the nation face after the War?
8.
What dominated the immediate postwar years?
9.
Who supported black suffrage?
10.
What were the goals of the Radical Republicans?
11.
Did they have much support in Congress? Why or why not?
12.
What did President Lincoln issue before the end of the War?
13.
How did his Proclamation plan to reunify the South?
14.
Whose allegiance was Lincoln trying to win over?
15.
How did the Republicans feel about Lincoln’s plan?
16.
What was their response?
17.
What did the Wade-Davis plan mandate?
18.
What action did Lincoln take against the Wade-Davis plan?
19.
What happened on April 14, 1865?
20.
What were Andrew Johnson’s views on slavery? On planter aristocrats?
21.
What did Johnson do that shocked Republicans?
22.
Who in the South would be given amnesty if they did what?
23.
Who could not vote or hold office in the South?
24.
What ended up happening when Johnson granted pardons?
25.
Which Confederate Vice President returned to DC as a senator?
26.
What laws in the South were passed to control blacks?
27.
Under these laws what could become of “unemployed” blacks?
28.
Who suspended the enforcement of these laws?
29.
Who did Congress refuse to seat when it convened in Dec. 1865?
30.
Who became alienated under Johnson’s plan and joined the Radicals?
31.
What two proposals did the moderate Republicans support?
32.
How did Johnson treat the Freedmen’s Bureau bill? Why?
33.
In March 1866 what measure was passed in Congress?
34.
In response what action did Johnson take? Why?
35.
How did Johnson’s vetoes affect Congress?
36.
What did Congress adopt in April 1866?
38.
What were the provisions, or clauses, of that amendment?
39.
What court case did the amendment nullify?
40.
What would happen to states which did not allow black men to vote?
41.
What did the Republicans realize about the South?
42.
What were the results of the 1866 Congressional elections? Why?
43.
What act did Congress pass over Johnson’s veto in 1867?
44.
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
45.
How would a southern state be readmitted to the Union?
46.
What did the Reconstruction Act not do?
47.
Who personified the Radical Republicans?
48.
How did Johnson prevent the Reconstruction Act from being implemented?
49.
What two laws were passed to limit presidential power?
50.
On what basis did the Congress approve charges of impeachment?
51.
What was the actual impeachment vote? Why?
52.
What did the Fifteenth Amendment prohibit?
53.
How did Democrats counter the proposed amendment?
54.
What did Susan B. Anthony think of the Fifteenth Amendment?
55.
Why did women’s rights advocates split?
56.
What did the Supreme Court decide in Minor v. Happersett?
57.
Who held an electoral advantage in the South after the War? Why?
58.
Who comprised the southern Republicans?
59.
Why did scalawags not care about black rights?
60.
How many Republican votes did the freedmen provide?
61.
Why did freedmen represent only a minority of office holders in state offices?
62.
Why was land and property not redistributed in the South?
63.
How did former Confederates react to black enfranchisement?
64.
Why was military rule reestablished in Georgia?
65.
What tactics did the Ku Klux Klan use against freedmen?
66.
What did the KKK try to suppress?
67.
What actions did Congress take to combat vigilantism?
68.
Where did blacks migrate after emancipation?
69.
What black institutions grew as a result of emancipation?
70.
Why did most freedmen fail to obtain land?
71.
What was the sharecropping arrangement?
72.
Why did larger planters maintain the advantage in this arrangement?
73.
What did merchants use to secure loans to sharecroppers?
74.
Why was sharecropping difficult to escape from?
75.
During President Grant’s administration, what did “Grantism” stand for?
76.
How did liberal Republicans undermine Republican southern policy?
77.
What caused the Panic of 1873?
78.
What role did the Supreme Court play in weakening Reconstruction?
79.
What did the Slaughterhouse case decisions nearly do?
80.
Why did Republican support collapse in the South?
81.
What term did the Democrats use to describe their return to power?
82.
Under what circumstances did Hayes become president in 1876?
83.
When was Reconstruction considered to have ended? Why?
Transformation of the Trans-Miss. West
Ch 17 Discussion Questions
1.
What was Luna Warner a part of?
2.
What led settlers to the trans-Mississippi West?
3.
What did these settlers depend on to help them to establish homesteads?
4.
How did the federal government do this?”
5.
What was most dramatic about the transformation of the West?
6.
How had western Indian life been changing prior to American settlement?
7.
Why did Native Americans desperately fight back?
8.
What tribes were the “migratory” tribes?
9.
What animal did the Indians inherit from the Spanish?
10.
What did the Plains Indians’ life revolve around?
11.
How did the young men of the Sioux gain access to spiritual life?
12.
Why did bison return to the High Plains during summers?
13.
How large were the bison herds at their peak?
14.
What did the bison supply the Plains Indians?
15.
What began to erode the bison’s habitat?
16.
Why did whites hunt the bison?
17.
What lured pioneers to the Rocky Mountains?
18.
What did the government seek to do to the Western Indian?
19.
What tribes opposed this?
20.
Why did Indians leave the reservations to hunt buffalo near Sand Creek, CO?
21.
What happened at Sand Creek?
22.
What was hoped the tribes would do in two large districts set aside for them?
23.
What tribes signed the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867, and where did they settle?
24.
Why did some Indians reject this and the Fort Laramie Treaty?
25.
How did Custer retaliate to Indian hostilities?
Name:
26.
Who initially comprised the Board of Indian Commissioners?
27.
Why was it not successful?
28.
What caused the Red River War in 1874?
29.
Who became a leader of the Sioux in the Dakotas?
30.
What was the deliberate army plan under Custer?
31.
What was “discovered” in the Black Hills of the Dakotas?
32.
How was Custer and his force destroyed at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
33.
Who surrendered while trying to escape to Canada?
34.
What was the army’s strategy against renegade Indians after Custer’s Last Stand?
35.
Why did Chief Dull Knife attempt to escape Fort Robinson?
36.
What happened afterwards?
38.
Why were some Americans outraged by this?
39.
What was the theme in a book called A Century of Dishonor?
40.
What was the Dawes Act designed to do?
41.
Why was total reservation acreage slashed by 1934?
42.
What did the prophet Wovoka promise to the Sioux?
43.
Why did military authorities become alarmed?
44.
What “battle” ended the American-Indian conflict in the west?
45.
What happened during this battle?
46.
What two groups played roles in shattering the American Indian?
47.
What accelerated the transformation of everyday life in the West?
48.
Why did the Central Pacific employ Chinese laborers ?
49.
What act authorized the first transcontinental railroad?
50.
What two companies worked on this railroad? When and where did they meet?
51.
How was the railroad useful against American Indians?
52.
Why was western land given to railroad companies?
53.
How did the railroads recruit settlers?
54.
What did railroads urge settlers to specialize in? Be complete.
55.
What did the Homestead Act offer to settlers?
56.
How many families claimed land under it?
57.
Was the Homestead Act successful? Why or why not?
58.
In general how did settlers adjust to life on the Plains?
59.
What did farmers take advantage of to improve crop production? Be specific.
60.
What challenges did Plains farmers face?
61.
What was “dry” farming?
62.
What other people besides Indians did white settlers dominate in the west?
63.
What did prospectors swarm to the Rocky Mountains?
64.
Where was gold discovered after the Comstock Lode?
65.
Why were large companies needed to extract the gold?
66.
What boomtown emerged because of the Comstock Lode?
67.
Why was the cowboy glorified?
68.
How was Texas cattle transported to eastern markets? What was the trail?
69.
What were the “range wars”?
70.
What were bonanza farms?
71.
Who occupied the Oklahoma territory? Why were they “punished?”
72.
What was the Oklahoma Land Rush?
73.
Who illegally arrived before the settlers?
74.
What started the conservation movement in the West?
75.
Who created the Sierra Club? Why?
The Rise of Industrial America Ch 18 Discussion Questions
1.
By 1892 what percentage of the world’s goods did the U.S. produce?
2.
What factors caused this?
3.
What undercut skilled labor?
4.
In the early 18th century what raised start-up capital for canals?
5.
What six features dominated large scale manufacturing? Be complete.
6.
Who suffered during the depression years?
7.
What stimulated heavy industry’s production of capital goods?
8.
Who pioneered large scale corporate enterprise?
9.
Who were the big railroad entrepreneurs during this era?
10.
How did the railroads raise capital to lay track?
11.
How did railroads create new systems for collecting information?
12.
What happened to the railroad industry under the Huntington and Gould?
13.
How did Joseph Pulitzer portray Jay Gould?
14.
What did the railroads divide the nation into? What did they standardize?
15.
Why did small farmers turn to state governments for help?
16.
What did the Interstate Commerce Act ban?
17.
How did the Hepburn Act strengthen the ICC?
18.
How did Andrew Carnegie gain an insider’s view of business’ operations?
19.
What technique did Carnegie use to double the railroad’s mileage?
20.
What new iron technology did Carnegie use when he built his steel mill?
21.
How did he lower production costs?
22.
What is vertical integration?
23.
What did Carnegie do in his early thirties?
24.
Who bought Carnegie Steel to form the U.S. Steel Corporation?
25.
How many people did it employ and how much was it worth?
26.
How did Carnegie rise from “rags to riches?”
Name:
27.
Who drilled the first successful oil well---where and when?
28.
What characteristics did John D. Rockefeller share with Carnegie?
29.
What was the name of his company?
30.
How did Rockefeller drive his rivals out of business?
31.
What new form of company did Rockefeller create to control competition?
32.
How did it work?
33.
What is horizontal intergration?
34.
Why did political parties denounce trusts in the presidential election of 1888?
35.
What law was passed as a result of trusts?
36.
What did Standard Oil do when prosecuted by the government?
38.
How did the Supreme Court further hamstring Congress when controlling trusts?
39.
What other factors led to colossal growth of the economy during this period?
40.
What inventions increased consumer demand?
41.
What invention transformed communication? Who invented it?
42.
Who worked on inventing the phonograph and electric light bulb?
43.
How was power supplied to illuminate the light bulb?
44.
How was GE formed?
45.
What other inventions came out of Edison and GE?
46.
How did companies build demand when their products saturated markets?
47.
Who developed the Kodak camera?
48.
What were some of the benefits of industrialization?
49.
What were some of the costs, i.e., negative aspects of industrialization?
50.
Why was the South late to blossom economically?
51.
What did southern states offer to attract new businesses?
52.
What blossomed in the southern countryside in the 1880s?
53.
How did the factory system spawn a need for common laborers?
54.
Why did workers experience hardship in the workplace? Be complete.
55.
How young did workers enter the coal mines? To what were they vulnerable?
56.
How many rail workers were killed in 1889?
57.
Who bore the risks of employer negligence?
58.
Who did factory owners turn to for cheap labor?
59.
Why did some immigrants from southern Europe receive less pay?
60.
How did young working class single women view factory work?
61.
What propelled the rise in employment of single women?
62.
How did Horatio Alger portray characters in his novels? Was he accurate?
63.
Who did he use as an example?
64.
What hampered unionizing efforts of workers?
65.
What would the labor crisis of the 1890s, strikes and bloodshed, lead to?
66.
What major labor unions formed during this period?
67.
What did they endorse?
68.
How were workers’ strikes usually broken up?
69.
What were some famous strikes of this period?
70.
According to Karl Marx, what would society, under capitalism, be divided into?
Chapter 19: Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life 1860-1900
Read chapter 19 and answer the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
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22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
What was unusual about Scott Joplin’s contract in 1899?
What did Joplin’s success as a composer mirror in American society?
What are examples of the widening gap between the rich and poor?
What happened to New Orleans population? Chicago?
What were the two sources of population growth in our cities?
Why did they come to the city?
What problems did urbanization cause?
What problems did native born Americans have with new migrants to the city?
What are pull factors?
Who were the first migrants to our cities?
Why?
How many northern Europeans came to America?
Which European nation sent the most?
How many Chinese immigrants were in California?
Who were the old immigrants?
Who were the new immigrants?
List a few stunning facts about immigrants in NYC (Brooklyn).
Why did immigrants leave their homeland?
Most immigrants were single young men. Why?
What were customs officials looking for when they inspected immigrants?
How did many immigrants end up with Americanized names?
What were the two main immigrant stations in the US?
What is a chain migration?
What did Jacob Riis observe about the settlement of immigrants in NYC?
Which immigrants adjusted easily to the American way of work and living?
What advantages did say a neighborhood of mostly Irish immigrants have over a neighborhood of a mixed
immigrant population?
Why did some immigrants have no intentions of assimilating into the US?
Why were most native born Americans hostile towards immigrants?
Why did they not consider many Caucasian immigrants “white”?
Where were most of the slums and ghettos located in our cities?
What was the infant mortality rate for Chicago in 1900?
Why was it so high?
What made the tenement environment unbearable for dwellers?
How were blacks in northern cities segregated from white neighborhoods?
Who built nice homes on NYC’s 5th Avenue?
Why did most upper class Americans leave the inner city and go to the suburbs?
What was attractive about the suburbs?
Why did the middle class follow the wealthy to the suburbs?
How were they able to afford this?
Why did segregation by income take shape?
What connected the suburb to the city?
What are Victorian morals and values?
How did the wealthy use Victorian morality?
What impact did this have on women?
What are the 3 most important Victorian values?
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
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55.
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86.
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88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Are these values still present today?
Before the Civil War, what two crusades were shaped by Victorian morality?
What did Catharine Beecher advise for dinner table manners in her book “The American Woman’s Home”?
What was the cult of domesticity?
How did it shape the growth of the woman’s role in society?
What new role was added to the cult of domesticity in the 1880s and 1890s?
Why did Mary Putnam hate the piano?
How did American merchants encourage consumerism?
What were the names of the top department stores back then?
How did department stores clear the stockpile of goods every year?
How did the stores become an exciting place to be?
What percent of the nations teenagers went to college?
How and why did the rich support colleges?
What were non academic ways to prepare young men in college for the real world?
Why was football viewed as a barbaric activity?
How did football supporters defend the sport?
What law from Congress allowed for the birth of many new colleges and universities?
What were Andrew White and Charles Eliot’s contributions to higher education?
Why were research universities important to the growth of America?
What were the working class Americans place for entertainment and fun?
What was the political boss?
Why was he so powerful?
How did the political boss control the neighborhoods of a city?
Who was the boss of NYC?
What was the name of his machine?
Who exposed the crimes of this man?
How?
What happened to him?
What did Jacob Riis believe was the cause of urban poverty?
How did the reform efforts change from humanitarian to Americanize the immigrants?
How did the reformers try to help orphans?
What was the purpose of the YMCA?
What did General Booth organize?
How was it structured?
How did they attract new comers?
Why did the New York Charity Organization Society fail to solve the problems of slums?
Who was Anthony Comstock?
What did he organize?
What problems did they look to solve?
Why did the purity campaign last only 3 years?
What message did the Social Gospel deliver?
What was Walter Rauchenbusch’s vision for a true Christian society?
Why did the Social Gospel fail to solve all problems?
Who organized the Settlement House movement?
What services did they provide?
Why were Addams and Kelly important role models for women?
Why was leisure time considered a step towards sin?
How did the working class blow off steam after a long day of work?
What did a Mass. Carpenters union sign say?
What escape did the street corner offer to the working class?
What was the one place in a city where all could gather regardless of class or race?
Why was bareknuckled fighting a popular amusement?
What did the English call the game of baseball?
99. When did it start?
100.
What was the name of the first organized team?
101.
How did the sport turn into a big business?
102.
Who was the last bare knuckled champion?
103.
What was vaudeville?
104.
Why did it appeal to so many?
105.
Why have historians been critical of the black face acts of vaudeville?
106.
What was Coney Island?
107.
Why was this place an American icon?
108.
Why were the values of the working class and middle class in conflict with Victorian morals?
109.
How did the wealthy plan to shape the American culture for improvement?
110.
Which magazines appealed to middle class women?
111.
How did Mark Twain capture the turmoil of social change?
112.
Who was Theodore Drieser?
113.
What was the name of his book?
114.
What was the moral of the story in the book?
115.
Who was Frank Lloyd Wright?
116.
What were his prarie school house designs like?
117.
How did the women of the middle class break free of the Victorian standards she was trapped in?
118.
What was the WCTU?
119.
Who was the leader?
120.
What did they accomplish?
121.
How did women assert independence in recreational activities?
122.
What book did Kate Chopin write?
123.
Why was the story appealing to women?
124.
Who pioneered the crusade for universal public education?
125.
What law was passed to improve the performance of schools?
126.
Why was NYC Mayor Joseph Rice critical of public education?
127.
Where were the wealthy children educated?
Chapter 20: Politics and Expansion in an Industrializing Age
Read pages 609-638
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
What happened to President Garfield on July 2nd?
Who was the shooter?
What was he mad about?
What seemed to be Garfield’s preoccupation?
Name the 6 top issues that faced our country in the late 1800s.
What was the name of the name political party?
Which party won the struggle for power?
Why was the competition between political parties so intense?
What was a byproduct of the competition?
Yet despite high voter turnout, who could not vote?
What were the issues politicians refused to deal with?
Why were pensions so important to politics of this time?
Why did both Democrats and Republicans believe that the government did not have to right to regulate
businesses and the ecnomy?
What is the name of this doctrine?
Who did voters turn to change the status quo?
What are some examples of election fraud?
What organization did Francis Willard found?
What was its purpose?
What did changes Democrats promise when they campaigned?
What was the GAR?
Why were they so powerful?
How did political bosses like Big Jim Pendergast influence national politics?
Which immigrants voted for Democrats?
Which immigrants voted for Republicans?
Which political issue was the most divisive and caused by immigrants?
What did Rutherford Hayes promise when he became president?
What was the only trustworthy form of money before 1860?
Why did debtors and creditors fight over the supply of money?
What did the Greenback party believe in?
What happened to silver coins in 1873?
Why did the Treasury plan to buy $4 million in silver?
How did the silver advocates win the gold/silver debate?
What impact did it have?
What was the spoils system?
How did this impact the service of our government?
How did President Chester Arthur change government for the better?
How did President Harrison alienate many voters?
How did Cleveland defeat Senator Blaine and become president?
What was Cleveland’s liability in the election?
How and why did Cleveland use the veto power?
What was his stand on tariffs?
Why was Cleveland obsessed with the budget surplus?
How did Cleveland anger members of the GAR?
Who won the popular votes in the election of 1888?
Why did Harrison win this election?
How did Harrison reward his supporters?
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
How did voters respond with their displeasure in Harrison?
What happened to farmers in the 1870s?
What was the Grange?
Who organized it?
What was the purpose of the Grange?
How did the Grange try to stop railroads from taking advantage of farmers?
What did the court case Munn v. Illinois say about RR regulation?
What was the ICC and ICA?
Why are they landmark turning points in American History?
How did Hamlin Garland describe the despair of farmers?
What happened to the Grange in 1878?
What was the Farmer’s Alliance?
How did they attract members?
What kind of reforms did the Farmer’s Alliance demand?
What movement did the Farmer’s Alliance turn into?
Skip to page 624
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What was the Populist party platform?
In the election of 1892, who was the candidate for president for the Democrats? Republicans? Populists?
Why did the Populists have trouble winning elections?
What trouble in the economy threatened Cleveland’s presidency?
How did the collapse of railroads trigger a depression in 1893?
How did the working class feel the impact of the depression in 1893?
Why were farmers hit the hardest?
What favor did Cleveland get from business leaders and Wall Street?
Why did Cleveland save the gold standard?
What was the Wilson Gorman Tariff?
Why was Cleveland so unpopular by 1895?
How was the silver standard (bimetallism) going to save America?
Who represented the poplulists in the election of 1896? Republicans?
What was the Cross of Gold speech?
Why did McKinley win?
What was the Dingley Tariff?
Who was Alfred Mahan?
What did he write?
What happened to the Queen of Hawaii? Why?
What is yellow journalism?
What happened to the USS Maine?
Who was the hero of San Juan Hill?
Who was the hero of Manila Bay?
What was the Platt Amendment?
Why was there a guerilla war in the Philippines?
The Progressive Era Ch 21 Discussion Questions
Name:
1.
What happened at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory?
2.
How many people died?
3.
What did this incident say about industrialization?
4.
How did women become voices for addressing social issues of the day?
5.
What did this movement come to be called?
6.
What was it a response to?
7.
What did progressives concentrate on?
8.
Where did progressivism first emerge?
9.
What had arisen at the national level to grapple with urbanization and growth?
10.
In general who comprised progressives?
11.
For the middle class what did membership in a professional society provide?
12.
What did the city offer women?
13.
Where did the initial reform impetus come from?
14.
Besides native-born middle class what was the other force behind progressivism?
15.
At the most basic level what was progressivism?
16.
In contrast to populism where was progessivism’s strength?
17.
As reformers what did progressives want?
18.
What was central to progressivism?
19.
What expertise did progressives believe in?
20.
Who attacked the harsh version of Social Darwinism?
21.
Who was the sharpest critic of the new business order?
22.
What did he argue about the rich captains of industry?
23.
From what did William James argue that truth emerges?
24.
What did Herbert Croly call for?
25.
What magazine did he found?
26.
What idea did Jane Addams reject?
27.
What did John Dewey say could bring a more humane and cooperative order?
28.
What did Oliver Wendell Holmes insist about law?
29.
What did writer Frank Norris portray in “Octopus”?
30.
What did Theodore Roosevelt call the authors of McClure’s and Collier’s?
31.
How did photographers contribute to progressivism?
32.
In state and local government what did progressives campaign to end? (p. 646)
33.
What did the Protestant clergy rally against in New York City?
34.
What did reformers pass laws to regulate?
35.
What did they say should substitute for city mayors?
36.
What reform movement expanded to the state level? (p, 647)
37.
What type of ballot was used?
38.
What electoral reforms were inaugurated in some western states? And for what
reasons?
39.
How many young women immigrants entered the work force in the early 1900s?
Why? (p. 648)
40.
What did most laborers face in 1900?
41.
What did efficiency experts use to increase production?
42.
What kind of state laws was passed in Wisconsin under Robert La Follette?
43.
Why did progressives believe corporations should be regulated?
44.
What laws were passed as a result of the Triangle fire?
45.
What kinds of laws did Florence Kelly help secure in Illinois?
46.
What did reformers campaign for to make cities more livable? (p. 649)
47.
What did they call for to improve health in cities? (p. 650)
48.
What kinds of results did they achieve?
49.
What did the Anti-Saloon League push for to restrict alcohol abuse? (p. 652)
50.
653)
What proposals did progressives support to improve the appalling conditions
51.
How did they restrict immigration?
Turn to page 661 to continue:
among immigrants in cities? (p.
52.
What did socialism advocate?
53.
Who was the Socialist Party’s presidential candidate for five times?
54.
What goals did Theodore Roosevelt pursue once in the White House? (p. 662)
55.
How did Roosevelt become president?
56.
What were some of his earlier elected positions?
57.
What kind of executive did Roosevelt believe in?
58.
What did TR gain from United Mine Workers and owners to end their strike?
59.
How did TR’s approach to labor disputes differ from his predecessors?
60.
What priority did TR give in his 1902 State of the Union message?
61.
What company did the Supreme Court order the breakup of?
62.
What act passed during his second term empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad
rates?
63.
Who wrote the book The Jungle?
64.
What did it portray?
65.
What law did Roosevelt support because of meatpacking conditions?
66.
Why did Roosevelt oppose President Taft in 1912?
67.
How was Wilson elected president?
68.
What two laws did Wilson pass in 1914 to regulate business? (p. 672)
69.
What laws passed in 1916 helped farmers?
70.
How did the bias of the courts change during the Progressive Era?
71.
What amendments to the Constitution were passed during the Progressive Era? (p. 673)
72.
What did each do?
73.
How did Americans’ views of government change during the Progressive Era?
World War One Chapter 22 Discussion Questions Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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12.
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41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Why was Jane Addams worried?
What is the danger of nationalism?
How was Addams branded for speaking out?
WWI signaled a change in America’s role in the world. What did it become?
What was America trying to protect by building a global empire?
What was the Open Door policy?
Who wrote it?
What were the rebels of the Boxer Rebellion fighting for?
How did the US respond?
What did the French try to build in 1879?
Why did they fail?
Why did Columbia reject the US bid to build the canal?
How did the US respond?
What was Walter Reed’s contribution to the Panama Canal?
How did Teddy Roosevelt settle problems between Europeans and Venezuela?
What happened on the island of the Dominican Republic?
Why is the Roosevelt Corrally so important?
What did TR mean when he said: “speak softly and carry a big stick”?
How did Taft’s Dollar Dipolomacy advance US interests?
Why was TR pleased with the Russian defeat of Japan in 1904?
How did TR avoid segregated schools in San Francisco for Japanese children?
What was the Great White Fleet?
How did it symbolize US power?
What happened in Mexico?
Why did we oppose a man of freedom like Pancho Villa?
What happened to the Archduke Ferdinand?
How did this trigger a chain reaction that led to WWI?
Why did the US remain neutral for so long?
Why was it difficult for the US to stay neutral?
What happened to the Lusitania?
What were the Lusitania notes?
What did Treasury Secretary William McAdoo mean when he said our prosperity depends on supporting the
allies in the war?
What did the British call the Germans during the war?
Why?
What happened in Feb. 1917?
March 1917?
April 1917?
How did the US raise an army of millions so quickly?
What did the Commission on Training Camp Activities do?
Why were psychologists involved with recruiting?
In what ways did Indians and blacks contribute to the war effort?
Who was Bernard Baruch?
What did he organize?
Why was it so successful?
Who was in charge of the Food Administration?
How did the war impact the economy?
What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovosk?
What does AEF stand for?
49.
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Who was the general in charge?
Who was the legend of the German air force?
How did women contribute during the war?
How did the US save Paris from capture?
How many Americans died defending the Sedan Railroad?
What were Liberty Loans?
Why were they effective in paying for WWI?
Who was George Creel?
How did German American face discrimination during the war?
How did the war split the women’s movement?
What was the Espionage Act?
What did the Supreme Court decide in Schenk v. US?
How did the war impact industry and agriculture?
Why were blacks and women critical to the industrial war effort?
How many died during the influenza epidemic?
What were Wilson’s 14 points?
What happened on November 11, 1918?
Overall how did the Treaty of Versailles turn out for the Allies? Germans? US? Russia?
What is the League of Nations?
How did Henry Cabot Lodge feel about the League?
What vote was given during the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles?
What was the Red Scare?
Who was Mitchell Palmer?
Why did he arrest suspected communists?
Who won the election of 1920?
Why?
According to the tootsie owl, how many licks does it take to get to the center of a tootsie pop?
The Twenties Ch 23 Discussion Questions
Name:
1.
Why were Sam Groipen’s days as an independent grocer numbered?
2.
How did he feel about the large chain stores like A&P?
3.
What did the nation’s vast industrial capacity produce?
4.
In the 1920s what kind of values did Republican presidents espouse?
5.
What does the 1920s as a decade mark?
6.
Who did not benefit from economic growth in the 1920s?
7.
Why did a recession strike after WWI?
8.
What consumer goods contributed to prosperity?
9.
What was the single good upon which the business boom rested?
10.
What did a rising stock market reflect?
11.
To supply overseas markets what did big corporations do?
12.
What did tariffs like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff do?
13.
Who was clustered at the bottom of the wage scale?
14.
Why did farmers not share in the boom?
15.
How did the assembly line discourage individuality?
16.
What responsibilities increasingly fell to professional managers?
17.
What did business leaders now conclude about workers’ wages?
18.
How much did in sales did chain stores account for by 1930?
19.
How did business promote their wares?
20.
How did Americans increasingly buy major purchases?
21.
What values saturated the American culture?
22.
What kind of discrimination did women face?
23.
Where did many women find work?
24.
How many women received college degrees in 1930?
25.
Why did union membership decline in the 1920s?
26.
What did corporations practice as their ethical awareness heightened?
27.
What were blacks often hired as?
28.
What kind of candidates did voters turn to for office?
29.
Who did the Republican party continue to attract in the 1920s?
30.
Who did the GOP nominate for president in 1920?
31.
What did Harding say about his friends?
32.
What happened on August 2, 1923?
33.
What did Teapot Dome become a shorthand label for?
34.
What improved under the Coolidge administration?
35.
What did Andrew Mellon in the Coolidge administration embrace?
36.
Eager to promote corporate interests what did Coolidge oppose?
37.
What did the government have no duty to protect?
38.
Why did Coolidge veto the McNary-Haugen bill?
39.
What did the United States refuse to join?
40.
What did Secretary of State Hughes propose in 1921? Why?
41.
What did the U.S. sign in 1928?
42.
What did the U.S. use to promote its economic interest?
43.
What happened for the first time in 1920? (p. 720)
44.
Where did 2 million blacks live?
45.
What did city life mean for women?
46.
Which invention had the greatest social impact?
47.
What did the automobile offer for farm families?
48.
What impact did automobiles and electrification have on the environment?
49.
What era began on November 2, 1920? (p. 723)
50.
What radio networks were founded?
51.
Which companies produced movies the most movies in the 1920s?
52.
What was a byproduct of urbanization?
53.
Upon whom did the psychological meaning of celebrity culture emerge? (p. 725)
54.
In 1992, according to F. Scott Fitzgerald, what did adults embrace? (p. 727)
55.
What is the most enduring twenties stereotype?
56.
What was the Jazz Age partially a creation of?
57.
Where did old values persist?
58.
What underlay the growth of the Harlem Renaissance? (p. 730)
59.
What musical innovation best captured the modernist spirit?
60.
How was jazz spread?
61.
Which jazz artist did his most creative work in the 1920s?
62.
Who did the National Origins Act of 1924 intend to restrict? (p. 732)
63.
Who was not restricted under this law?
64.
What was the significance of the Sacco-Vanzetti case?
65.
What did Fundamentalists insist on? (p. 734)
66.
What did the Tennessee legislature bar from its schools in 1925?
67.
Why was John T. Scopes arrested?
68.
Why did his trial become famous?
69.
How did the tensions and hostilities tearing at the social fabric emerge?
70.
Who did the KKK demonize?
71.
What was the Klan’s promise?
72.
What did some KKK groups resort to in their quest for a purified America?
73.
How did the KKK suddenly collapse?
74.
Which African American represented the poor, working-class urban blacks?
75.
What organization did he form?
76.
Why was he imprisoned then deported?
77.
Why did Prohibition gradually lose support then end?
78.
What did every city boast where customers could buy drinks?
79.
Who helped circumvent the law in Chicago?
80.
Who was elected president in 1928?
81.
Where did Hoover describe his social creed?
82.
Who did he think would embrace his enlightened labor policies?
83.
Why was his administration off to a good start?
Great Depression and New Deal Chapter 24 Discussion Questions
1. What happened to FDR on Campobello Island?
2. How did his illness change his life?
3. What role did Eleanor play in his recovery?
4. When was FDR elected president?
5. What are the two interconnected themes of the chapter?
6. What was the condition of the US economy in 1925?
7. What fed the speculative boom of 1929?
8. How did the Federal Reserve try to curb the speculation?
9. What happened on Oct. 24?
10. By November what were the losses?
11. What were the 7 underlying causes of the collapse?
Look at the chart on page 746.
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42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
When was unemployment at the highest?
Why did it creep back up in 1939?
What was the price index of stocks in 1929?
How many businesses failed in 1932?
How man banks suspended payments in 1933?
When was new home building at the highest?
Lowest?
How many workers were unemployed?
What was Hoover’s response?
What impact did voluntary relief have?
What was the RFC?
Did it work?
Why did Hoover’s change in plans fail to gain him reelection?
What was Hoover Valley?
What did farmers organize to fight low prices?
What was the Bonus Army?
How did our government treat the veterans?
Who won the election of 1932?
What was FDR’s slogan?
What did FDR mean by relief, recovery, reform?
Why was FDR’s inaugural speech important to Americans?
What was Eleanor’s role in the New Deal?
Who was Frances Perkins?
What was the brain trust?
What was FDR’s first few months in office called?
Which crisis did he tackle first?
How did FDIC stabilize banks?
How did FDR convince Americans his plans would work?
How did FDR help people pay mortgages?
What kind of jobs did the CCC offer?
How did the FERA help?
What was the AAA?
Why was it controversial?
What did the NIRA provide?
What kind of construction was covered under the PWA?
The NRA was controversial. What was wrong with it?
Name:
48.
49.
50.
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52.
53.
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55.
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78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
List the 4 most important leaders of New Deal Programs. What did they accomplish?
Why was the RFC important?
Which program still provides electricity today?
What nickname was given to all of the New Deal programs?
Why did the Supreme Court strike down the NRA?
Who was Harry Hopkins?
What did the CWA provide?
Why did the depression continue despite the New Deal?
Why did leaders of big business despise FDR?
Which political party dominated in the 1930s?
Who was Charles Couglin?
What did he propose?
Who was Huey Long and what changes did he want to make?
Why did the critics of the New Deal fail to change FDR’s policies?
What was the Works Progress Administration?
Why was this so special among all New Deal programs?
What did John Keynes say about deficit spending?
What was the focus of the Second New Deal?
Was the Second New Deal a success or failure?
How did the Social Security Act work?
Explain why it was a success.
Why did FDR win the election of 1936 in a land slide?
Which FDR program did the most to help western Americans?
What was FDR’s record in conserving the environment?
What reforms did FDR attempt to help Native Americans?
How did FDR try to change the Supreme Court?
Why did this cause some constroversy?
What was the Roosevelt recession?
Why is the Wagner Act important to labor unions?
How did Americans escape from the depression?
What book did John Steinbeck write? What was it about?
What movie in 1939 was a big hit and it is still a big hit?
Why did the depression inspire some of the greatest literature in our history?
What was Futurama?
What was the only way to really end the Great Depression?
World War II Chapter 25 Discussion Questions
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47.
48.
49.
Name:
What was the good war?
Who was in the greatest generation?
Why is this a myth?
What gruesome experiences did Private Sledge have while serving in the war?
What was the Good Neighbor policy?
How and where was this policy tested?
When did Hitler rise to power?
What factors contributed to his rise?
What happened in Munich?
Why did Chamberlain fail to win peace in our time?
Why was isolationism so strong in America?
What did Joe Louis do to shock the Germans?
When did the war officially begin in Europe?
How did FDR respond?
What was Kristallnact?
What happened to the ship St. Louis?
What was the Neutrality Act?
How did cash and carry and lend lease help the Allies?
What changes in FDR’s cabinet signaled an end to isolationism and a beginning of intervention?
What happened to the Reuben James?
How did FDR respond?
How did the US respond to Japanese aggression before Pearl Harbor?
Did this succeed or fail?
What happened on Dec. 7th?
What happened on Dec 8th?
What happened on Dec. 11th?
How was Japan able to control 1/5th of the world?
How many men and women served in the war?
What new building was constructed to house military planners and generals?
Why did FDR form the Joints Chiefs of Staff?
What was the WPB?
WMC?
NWLB?
How did they contribute to mobilization?
How long did it take factories to retool from comsumer goods to war goods?
What was the cost of defense spending?
Why did this end the Great Depression?
What is the Sunbelt? How did it change America?
How did the war changes things for farmers?
Who was John Lewis?
What did he do to threaten the national war effort?
What law tried to stop Lewis?
What was the major function of the OPA?
How did the Revenue Act impact the war effort?
What was the OSRD?
What contributions did they make?
What new invention did IBM create?
Why was DDT important during the war?
What revolutionary changes did MASH units bring to the war?
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
What did the Manhattan Project create?
What was the OWI?
What were the negative by products of war propaganda?
What happened to many New Deal agencies during the war?
Who were the generals at El Alamein?
Why was this battle important?
What was the turning point of the war between the Soviets and Germans?
Operation Torch called for the invasion of North Africa and Italy, why was it necessary to open a new front
against the Germans?
58. What advances in technology allowed the Allies to win the Battle of the Atlantic?
59. Where was the largest tank battle fought? Who won?
60. When was D-Day? Why was it important? Who was the leader?
61. What was the last German offensive called? Who won?
62. What was unique about the Battle of the Coral Sea?
63. Which battle is the turning point of the war against Japan?
64. How did the US overcome incredible odds to win this battle?
65. The US began a two pronged advance against Japan. Name the leader and destination of each advance.
66. What is island hopping?
67. What were FDR’s two main goals in the war to defeat the Axis?
68. What happened at Casablanca?
69. What is a GI?
70. What was life as a GI really like during the war?
71. What happened to the population of most western US cities?
72. Why did juvenile delinquency and divorce climb up during the war?
Skip to page 804.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
What contribution did Navajo code talkers make during the war?
Why were Mexican laborers exploited by farmers?
What did Executive Order 9066 say?
How could the US government get away with this atrocity?
What happened at Yalta?
What promise was made?
When was VE Day celebrated?
What was adopted in June of 1945?
How many died in the Holocaust?
How did the battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima shape the decision to drop the atomic bomb?
How many died at Hiroshima? Nagasaki?
Where did the Japanese surrender?
Why are many historians critical of Truman’s decision to use atomic weapons?
Chapter 26 Discussion Questions: The Cold War Abroad and at Home, 1945-1952
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2.
3.
4.
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40.
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42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
What made Dan Collins teenage childhood difficult?
How did Dan plan to improve his living conditions?
How did Dan improve his situation after serving in WWII?
What kind of life did this post WWII veteran have?
What haunted Dan in his sleep?
In what way did Stalin and Truman add to the insecurities of post WWII?
What was different about US security when you compare 1940 to 1952?
How did the policy of containment impact everyday life in the US?
Why did McCarthyism make sense to everyday Americans like Dan Collins?
Why did Veterans like Collins turn to Republicans like Dwight Eisenhower for leadership?
How did Post WWII America impact the economy in the long run?
What did GIs and civilians demand in 1945 from the government?
How much had America’s military enrollment declined by 1948?
Why was it so hard to find housing after 1945?
Why did the divorce rates soar?
How much had defense spending declined by 1946?
What fears did this decline create?
What changes did women face in the post WWII years?
What was the GI Bill of Rights?
What was the long term impact of the GI Bill of Rights?
How many veterans went back to school?
What were college leaders afraid of?
Did increased enrollment help or hurt colleges? WHY?
How did colleges accommodate veterans with wives and children?
How did the GI Bill democratize college education?
How much did the GI Bill cost the country?
Was it worth it? Why or why not?
How did the 1945 tax cut help the economy?
How much saved money from WWII did consumers spend after the war?
What sorts of contraptions did middle class Americans buy in huge numbers?
What was the Bretton Woods Agreement?
What is the IMF?
What is the World Bank?
What is GATT?
Who controlled these institutions?
How did these institutions shape the global economy?
Historians claim this is one of the most important changes to economics ever. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Why was the US in the best position of any country to dominate world economics?
What was the Employment Act of 1946?
What was the Council of Economic Advisors?
Why were their few NEW DEAL like reforms during the post WWII years?
What is inflation and how did it hurt the nation in the mid 1940s?
What is the Office of Price Administration?
Why did so many Americans oppose this?
What happened to prices when Truman’s veto killed the OPA?
Why did this happen?
How did Truman and Congress react?
How did labor unions respond to higher prices?
What did the United Mine Workers do in 1946?
50. How did Truman react to the labor leaders of mining and railroads?
51. Why did the public disapprove of Truman in the early post WWII years?
52. Were they right or wrong? Why?
53. What were the results of the 1946 midterm elections?
54. How did Americans show their deep sense of fear during these times?
55. Why did the US and Soviet alliance disintegrate after WWII?
56. How did misperceptions and misunderstandings contribute to the Cold War?
57. What was the lowest recorded temperature during the Cold War?
58. What demands did Stalin have to insure Soviet security in the post WWII era?
59. In what were American demands to preserve US security very similar to Stalin’s?
60. How did the presence of the Red Army make it easier for Stalin to establish spheres of influence in Eastern Europe?
61. Why did Truman immediately clash with Stalin?
62. What steps did Stalin take in 1946 to ignite the Cold War?
63. What did Geroge Kennan say in a telegram to the State Department?
64. What policy did Kennan create?
65. How was it supposed to work?
66. What did Truman and Churchill conclude about Stalin?
67. Why did Stalin and Truman fail to mutually destroy their atomic weapons?
68. What was the purpose of the Atomic Energy Commission?
69. In less than a year what had happened to US and Soviet relations?
70. What was happening in Greece, Turkey, and Western European economies?
71. Who were Dean Acheson and George Marshall?
72. What did they recommend?
73. What did Truman ask Congress in 1947?
74. Was it worth it? Why or why not?
75. What was the National Security Act?
76. What was the National Security Council?
77. What was the Defense Department?
78. What is the CIA?
79. Why were these acts and agencies created?
80. What was wrong with Western Europe’s economy?
81. What was the Marshall Plan?
82. How much did it cost?
83. How did it impact Europe’s economy?
84. Was it worth it? Why or why not?
85. How did the Soviets respond to the US Cold War policies?
86. What happened in Hungary and Czechoslovakia?
87. How did the victors of WWII govern Berlin?
88. What was the Soviet Plan to end the US and Great Britain occupation of West Berlin?
89. How could the Soviet blockade lead to possible WWIII?
90. How did Truman respond to the Soviet blockade of Berlin?
91. Did it work?
92. What was the American public’s reaction to the Airlift?
93. How did East and West Germany become nations?
94. What was NATO?
95. Why was it created?
96. What was the Warsaw Pact?
97. Which nation did the Soviets dominate first in Asia?
98. Which nation did the US transform into a powerful ally?
99. What was MacArthur’s greatest contribution after WWII?
100. What position did the US take during the early days of the Chinese civil war?
101. Who was the leader of communist China?
102. Why did the US support Chiag Kai Shek with $3 billion?
103. How did Mao emerge as the winner of the Chinese civil war?
104. What did the Soviets develop in 1949?
105. How did US civilians and the government respond to this new threat?
106. What did the US explode in 1952?
107. How did this escalate the Cold War?
108. What was important about the document NSC-68?
109. What happened to Korea after WWII?
110. What did Truman mean when he said that Korea was the Greece of the Far East?
111. How did Truman respond to North Korea’s June 24th attack?
112. What role did the United Nations play in the Korean War?
113. At first, how did the North Korean army perform?
114. Why is General MacArthur and the Battle of Inchon a major turning point?
115. What did China do when the US army crossed the Yalu River?
116. In what way was the Korean War like WWI?
117. Why did the Korean War bog down to a stalemate?
118. What led to the clash between MacArthur and Truman?
119. How did MacArthur cross the line with Truman?
120. What unpopular response did Truman take with MacArthur?
121. How many US soldiers were killed in the war?
122. How much did it cost?
123. How many civilians died?
124. What were the long term consequences of the Korean War?
125. How did the Korean War enhance the powers of the presidency?
126. By 1952 what had happened to the policy of containment?
127. How had the Cold War helped to create great economic affluence?
128. Who did not get to enjoy the economic affluence?
129. What ideas did conservatives have for the government and the economy?
130. What did the 80th Congress consider as a duty?
131. Who was Mr. Republican?
132. With Republicans in the control of Congress and Democrats in control of the White House what political accomplishments
were achieved?
133. What was the Taft Hartley Act?
134. How did this change labor relations in the US?
135. How did Truman respond to the Taft Hartley Act?
136. Why did the Republicans win the battle of labor (Taft Hartley Act)?
137. What act did Truman take on May 14th, 1948?
138. Why is it considered one of his greatest acts?
139. What major accomplishments did Jackie Robinson have in 1947?
140. How did he pave the way for thousands of minorities?
141. How had WWII heightened African American quest for equality?
142. Why did the US see an increase in violent acts towards blacks in 1946?
143. What did Truman promise African American leaders?
144. How would the Committee on Civil Rights help the times?
145. How did many southern segregationists react to Truman’s civil rights overtures?
146. Who was Strom Thurmond and what was the Dixiecrats?
147. How did they assert political power?
148. How did they damage the reelection chances of Truman in 1948?
149. Who was Thomas Dewey?
150. How did he lose to Truman?
151. What was the New Deal Coalition?
152. How did this group save Truman in 1948?
153. How did Progressives and Dixiecrats actually help the president?
154. What was the Fair Deal?
155. How was it different from the New Deal?
156. Why did the 81st Congress reject much of the Fair Deal?
157. What had happened to the average belt size of American men since the Great Depression?
158. Why were Americans increasingly intolerant of dissent?
159. What was the House Committee on UnAmerican activities?
160. What was Executive Order 9835?
161. Why was it necessary?
162. How was it a danger to freedom?
163. How many were actually fired for disloyalty to the US?
164. How did Truman’s Disloyalty Boards add fuel to fire of communist subversion?
165. How did the communist hysteria impact colleges?
166. How did HUAC’s actions blurr the line between dissent and disloyalty?
167. What did HUAC uncover when they investigated the Hollywood movie industry?
168. Who were the Hollywood Ten?
169. Why are they considered heroes today?
170. What important decision was made in 1951 Dennis v. US?
171. Was the communist party really a threat?
172. Who was Alger Hiss?
173. What happened to him?
174. What role did Whitaker Chambers play?
175. What made the Roseburg’s espionage story a sensation?
176. Who was Eugene McCarthy?
177. How did he exploit the nation’s fear of communism?
178. Why did so many Americans idiolize McCarthy?
179. What was at stake in the election of 1952?
180. What strengths did Dwight Eisenhower have as a candidate?
181. Why did Adlai Stevenson lose?
182. What made the Eisenhower/Nixon ticket unbeatable?
183. Who controlled Congerss after the 1952 elections?
Chapter 27 Discussion Questions: America at Midcentury, 1952 to 1960
Read Chapter 27 and answer the questions below.
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What do all of the movie titles on page 843 reveal about the mood of America?
When we look back now how do most view America in the 1950s?
In what way were many Americans not living in a dream world of happiness and economic bliss?
What made the Fifties a complex era?
How did Eisenhower prove to be a great president for the times?
What is Dynamic Conservatism?
What made Ike highly qualified to be president?
What was similar about Ike’s use of the powers of the presidency and how he ran the US Army in WWWII?
Why did Ike appear to be passive and out of touch with realities?
Was this really true? Why or why not?
How did the Council of Economic Advisors help Eisenhower?
What were some important laws passed by Eisenhower?
Why is the Interstate Highway System considered Eisenhower’s greatest legacy?
What led to the downfall of McCarthyism?
Why did the Senator take on the US Army?
How did slander and libel destroy Senator McCarthy?
What did the nation learn from the McCarthy era?
Why did conservatives reject the 8 years of Eisenhower’s presidency?
What was at stake in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?
What did Plessy v. Ferguson decide in the 1890s?
What roles did Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill (look here he is not in the book:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Hill) play in the case of Brown v. Board?
Who was Earl Warren and what was his role in the case?
What makes Brown v. Board one of the greatest of all Supreme Court Cases?
How did many southern states respond?
What is massive resistance? (look here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_resistance)
What happened in Little Rock in 1957?
Who was Orval Faubus?
Who were the Little Rock 9?
How did Eisenhower respond to the events in Arkansas?
Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1960 a disappointment?
What happened to Stalin in 1953?
Why was the Korean War difficult to end?
Who was John Foster Dulles?
What is named for this guy?
What was dangerous about theDulles plan of brinksmanship?
What did the Soviets develop in 1953?
What defensive steps did the US take to prepare for Soviet nuclear attacks?
What happened at the 1955 Geneva Summit?
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
What was the NEW LOOK plan?
In what way was the world more dangerous than ever before?
What kind of covert operations did the CIA sponsor?
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What happened in Iran in 1953?
How did this help the US?
What did the CIA do in the Philiippines?
What made the CIA seem un American?
Why were CIA covert operations necessary to US security?
Who threatened to take over Indo China?
Why did Eisenhower resist the temptation to help the French in Vietnam?
What was the domino theory?
What roll did the CIA play in the installation of the leader of South Vietnam?
What made the new leader weak and seem un American?
What was happening in Egypt in the 1950s?
How did this situation put Eisenhower in a difficult position?
What is the Eisenhower doctrine?
What happened in Cuba in 1958?
What happened to the U2 spy plane that flew over Russia?
What was Eisenhower’s presidential legacy?
Why is the political position of moderate centrist one of the best to have?
What was the book The Affluent Society about?
Why did the US have a great will of optimism in the 50s?
How did government spending help spur the economy on in the 50s?
Why did the government continue to increase defense spending?
How did this help the US economy?
How did the field of science turn out to be an important source of economic revenue?
What was the 5th largest industry in the US?
What was the price of oil like in the 50s?
How did this help the economy?
What did a scientist say about global warming the 50s?
What is the ENIAC?
Why are the 50s considered the first Age of Computers?
Why did the government and the Pentagon take a special interest in computers?
What happened in the Santa Clara valley of California?
IN the 50s why did such a few number of corporations generate nearly ½ of all corporate income?
What were conglomerates?
What were the dangers of mergers?
What did Rachel Carson write in 1962?
What was it about?
Why were labor unions suffering in the 1950s?
What steps did the AFL and CIO take in the 50s?
What is dramatic about 1956 the first year that the number of white collar workers outnumbered the number of
blue collar workers?
What kind of gimmicks allowed Americans to buy goods that they could not afford?
Why did the US go through a period known as “Auto Mania”?
Where were the new homes being built?
What happened in Levitttown?
What happened to our urban areas?
What is the Sunbelt?
88. Why did the Sunbelt grow so fast?
89. Why did some reject the consensus and conservatism of the 1950s?
90. Why was the fertility rate so high in the 50s?
91. What did Jonas Salk invent?
92. Why was this a big deal?
93. What did Dr. Spock say about raising babies?
94. How were women trapped in domesticity?
95. Was this really ture?
96. IN what ways did women take huge strides in the 1950s?
97. How did Billy Graham and other evangelists propel the role of religion in America?
98. Why did Americans love epic movies like the 10 Commandments?
99. Why did the US take great strides to improve educ ation in the 50s?
100.
How did Americans express cultural achievement in the 1950s?
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What happened to TV ownership rates and viewing rates in the 1950s?
102.
What was invented in 1952?
103.
How did early TV shows create a culture of what Americans hoped to become?
104.
How many Americans were below the poverty in 1960s?
105.
Which Americans suffered the most in the circles of poverty slums?
106.
What book did Michael Harrington write?
107.
In what way was 1950s prosperity displacing the poor?
108.
What bold step did Rosa Parks take in 1955?
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Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
110.
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
111.
What was the purpose of SCLC?
112.
How many Puerto Ricans did the US have by 1960?
113.
Why did Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and other Hispanics struggle to achieve the American Dream?
114.
What was the braceros?
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How did the US Government try to help Am erican Indians move towards self sufficiency?
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What happened on October, 4, 1957?
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What did this reveal about the Cold War?
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What steps did Eisenhower take to close the gap in the space race?
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Who were the Beatniks?
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How did Alan Freed enlighten many Americans?
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Why did so many hail the book On the Road by Jack Kerouac?
122.
What made Elvis the King of Rock and Roll?
Chapter 28 HW: The Liberal Era 1960 to 1968 AP US History Whitehead
Read Chapter 28 and answer the questions.
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What happened on 2/1/1960 in Greensboro, NC?
What new tactic did the students use to protest the segregated lunch counters?
How had most southern states responded to the Brown v. Board decision of the 1950s?
Who inspired the NC A and T students?
Eventually what did city civic leaders decide to do?
By 1961 how many black college students had been to jail for civil disobedience?
What institutions did they attempt to desegregate?
How did student activism transform the civil rights movement?
How did Stokely Carmichael describe the feeling of being involved in the civil rights struggle as a student?
In what way did the sit in movement redefine liberalism?
How did activists such as Ralph Nader and Betty Freidan shape liberalism?
How did the rise of liberalism shape the presidencies of JFK and LBJ?
How did liberalism impact the Cold War?
How did JFK personify the new liberal of the 1960s?
What had Kennedy done to prepare himself for being president?
Who were middle aged middle class Americans looking to as a future president?
How many watched the presidential TV debates?
How did it shape the election?
What was the margin of victory for Kennedy in the election of 1960?
Why did JFK surround himself with wealthy intellectual liberals?
Who became the Attorney General?
On the outside what kind of man did JFK appear to be?
Behind closed doors what kind of man was JFK?
What was JFK’s key to domestic success in the US?
How did JFK ignite the economy?
Why did this work?
What is the Keynesian approach to economics?
How did Rachel Carson impact the government’s role in the environment?
What were JFK’s most famous words in his inaugural address that capture his fight against communism?
How did Kennedy reach out to the 3rd World?
What plans did the CIA have for JFK concerning CUBA?
Why did the plan backfire?
What was the cost of this failure to Kennedy?
What did Khrushchev want to see done in the City of Berlin?
What made the threat of WWIII seem very real in the early 1960s?
What did Khrushchev order to built in Berlin in 1961?
What did this symbolize?
In October of 1962 what did the US discover was happening in Cuba?
What steps did JFK take to address the crisis?
Why did the Cuban Missile Crisis mark the closest the US ever came to all out war in the Cold War?
With the both sides gearing up for war, who did JFK defuse the situation?
What concessions were made by both sides?
What steps were taken to avoid a future crisis?
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The Cuban Missile Crisis began a new phase of the Cold War, what was it called and what does it mean?
What happened on 11/22/63?
Who was the shooter?
In what way did becoming a martyr make the Kennedy agenda a reality?
According to the book, what did the Kennedys, the CIA, the FBI, communists, and the mafia have in common?
Do you think this is true? Why or why not?
What was the real record that Kennedy left behind in foreign policy?
What was the real record that Kennedy left behind in domestic policy?
What does the term “Machiavelli in a Stetson mean”?
What strengths to LBJ have that made him in some ways a better man to be president?
How would Johnson begin his presidency and end his presidency?
What major accomplishments did LBJ achieve immediately after becoming president?
According to Michael Harrington, how many Americans were poor?
What steps did LBJ take to fight poverty?
What as Jobs Corps?
What was VISTA?
What exactly was the vision of a Great Society?
Who was Johnson’s opponent in the election of 1964?
What did this guy stand for in the election?
What role did George Wallace of Alabama play in the election?
How did Johnson turn Goldwater’s ideas against him?
How much did LBJ win the election by?
Who kinds of Americans reelected the president?
Even though he lost, Goldwater started a new political movement, what was it called?
What future presidents would benefit from Goldwater’s ideas?
What did Johnson accomplish in the first few months of his new term?
Why did the 89th Congress get the nickname of “hip-pocket Congress”?
What was Medicare and Medicaid?
How many did it serve?
How much did it cost?
What was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act?
What was the National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities?
What was important about the Motor Vehichle Safety Act?
What were the new changes to the immigration laws?
How would this shape America’s future?
How did the Veitnam War sap the War on Poverty?
What did the Warren Court do to shape the 1960s?
What was significant Miranda v. Arizona?
How did Engel v Vitale change schools?
How did Loving v. VA make things better?
How did JFK respond to the civil rights movement?
Why did JFK change as time went by?
What was CORE?
How did the Freedom Riders make history?
How did JFK help the Freedom Riders?
What was SNCC?
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Why did the Albany GA civil rights movement fail?
How were anti civil rights leaders wising up to the tactics of Martin Luther King Jr.?
What did James Meridth try to do?
How did the US government intervene?
Where did the followers of MLK create a crisis to force the government to take a positive stand for civil rights?
95. Why did King target Birmingham to protest segregation?
96. What was his plan to desegregate the city?
97. What did he write in jail?
98. What did it say?
99. Why is it considered as great as The Gettysburg Address?
100.
Who was the police chief?
101.
How did he almost defeat MLK and the protesters?
102.
What drastic steps did King take to insure victory in Birmingham?
103.
What was JFK’s role in the Birmingham protest?
104.
Who organized the March on Washington?
105.
How many attended?
106.
What was the core of MLK’s speech?
107.
What happened to Medgar Evers?
108.
Who was able to pass historic civil rights bills by pressuring Congress?
109.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
110.
What problem did the MFDP try to address?
111.
Why did the MFDP clash with Democrats?
112.
How did LBJ defuse the tension?
113.
What was the plan of SCLC to address voting rights problems?
114.
What happened to the Selma to Montgomery march?
115.
What was the role of Gov. George Wallace?
116.
How did LBJ respond to the events in Alabama?
117.
What law was passed to protect voting rights?
118.
What happened in Watts/Los Angles in the summer of 1965?
119.
Why?
120.
Why did race riots spread around the country?
121.
What did civil rights leaders try to do about it?
122.
Why did they fail?
123.
What was the cost of the riots between 1965-68?
124.
What was the warning given by the Kerner Commission?
125.
What does Black Power mean?
126.
Why did Malcolm Little join the Nation of Islam?
127.
Why did Malcolm X’s words inspire so many blacks in the north and Midwest?
128.
What is the name of the book about his life?
129.
What 2 things did Cassius Clay do?
130.
Who were the founders of the Black Panther party?
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Why were they controversial?
132.
What did good things did they do?
133.
What is the most important influence of the Black Power movement?
134.
How did James Brown and Jesse Jackson appeal to marginalized black youths?
135.
Besides African Americans, what other minority groups were inspired by the liberalism of the 1960s?
136.
What did 67 tribes do in 1961?
137.
In what ways did Indians suffer the most in the culture of poverty?
138.
How was the BIA supposed to help?
139.
What was Red Power?
140.
Why were young Indians disenchanted with the progress of change?
141.
What is a fish in?
142.
What was the purpose of AIM?
143.
Why were they so militant?
144.
What did AIM accomplish that was positive?
145.
What was the fastest growing minority group?
146.
What disadvantages did Hispanics face?
147.
Who was Cesar Chavez?
148.
What as the purpose of the United Farm Worker Union?
149.
What did the terms Chicano and Chicana express?
150.
What did MECHA stand for?
151.
What was a MECHA blowout?
152.
What did the political party La Raza Unida want?
153.
What organization did New York Puerto Ricans begin?
154.
How did the Young Lords bring about positive change?
155.
What events inspired women to demand equality?
156.
What did women find out about pay in the top professions?
157.
What is NOW?
158.
Who is Betty Friendan?
159.
Why is the book Feminine Mystique one of the biggest impact books of all time?
160.
How did young women prove to be catalysts?
161.
What is the militant strategy of concsiosness raising?
162.
How did it open the eyes of liberal women?
163.
What does the term male chauvinists mean?
164.
Because of the feminist movement how did government and business change their ways?
165.
How did the PILL liberate women?
166.
How did liberal women shape the abortion debate?
167.
Why did Kennedy choose to escalate the Vietnam conflict?
168.
Why did JFK support the corrupt leader of South Vietnam?
169.
What did Buddhist monks do in 1963?
170.
What happened on Nov. 1?
171.
What was the role of the US in the coup of Diem?
172.
What did Robert McNamara and Dean Rusk advise the new President Johnson to do in Vietnam?
173.
What were the first steps taken by Johnson to increase the US role in Vietnam?
174.
What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin?
175.
What powers did Congress grant the president after the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
176.
What did Johnson mean when he called this act of Congress, “grandma’s night shirt”?
177.
What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail?
178.
How did the US try to shut this trail down?
179.
How many Americans were in Vietnam by 1965?
180.
Why did the war grind into a stalemate?
181.
Who were the Doves?
182.
Who were the Hawks?
183.
How did TV shape the debate of the Vietnam War?
184.
What was the position of a majority of Americans on the Vietnam War?
185.
The Doves were a minority group, how were they able to destroy the will of LBJ to continue the war and
his presidency?
186.
How was the decade of the 1960s a time of great hope, accomplishment, and unfinished dreams?
Chapter 29: A Time of Upheaval 1968 to 1974 AP US History Whitehead
Read the chapter and answer the questions.
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What was unique about Dorothy Bulage’s upbringing?
What transformed her into a liberal crusader?
What did Dorothy think of the 1962 SDS conference?
Why did she eventually abandon SDS?
Why was it common for young people to be attracted to and then disillusioned by the liberalism of the 1960s?
How did Richard Nixon benefit from the turbulence of the late 1960s?
How did Nixon’s legacy leave even more people disillusioned than ever before?
How many kids were in college by the 1960s?
What was the typical college lifestyle of the baby boomer generation?
If most baby boomers stayed in the middle then where did conservative and liberal baby boomers migrate to in
terms of activism?
What is the New Left?
Who are the icons and symbols of the New Left?
What was the Port Huron Statement?
What was the purpose of SDS?
What events were catalysts for the New Left and SDS?
Where did Mario Savo protest?
What were his demands?
What is the Free Speech Movement?
Why was Savo and FSM successful?
Why did Savo object to the ROTC on college campuses?
What kinds of protests against the Vietnam War did SDS organize?
Why was the March Against Death the high point of SDS activism?
How did anti war activism shape politics in the early 1970s?
What did Nixon do on April 30th, 1970?
How did students respond to this?
What happened at Kent State?
What happened at Jackson State?
How did these events symbolize the polarization of America?
Why did anti war activism fade in the early 70s?
How did the activism, radicalism, and actions of the New Left eventually destroy the New Left?
What were some major accomplishments of the New Left?
In what way did the New Left come up short?
What characterized a “hippie”?
Is it accurate or a broad sterotype? Why or why not?
What is LSD and who is Timothy Leary?
Who did a new era of drug experimentation shape the experiences of the baby boomers?
How did the folk music of the 1960s go hand in hand with changing times?
How did the Beatles alter the music landscape forever?
What happened at Woodstock that is still legendary to this day?
What made the corner of Haight/Ashbury so special?
In what was the whole counter culture movement superficial?
What was the sexual revolution of the 1960s?
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How did the PILL and the court case Roe. V. Wade shape the sex revolution?
How did the Supreme Court put controls on sexual art/content?
What happened to the divorce rate in the 1960s?
What happened to the birthrate in the 1960s?
What happened in June of 1969 at the Stonewall Inn?
How did this spark a Gay Pride Revolution?
What organization did the homosexual community organize?
What changes did they bring to improve life in the gay community?
How did Gay Pride aid a return to conservatism by many Americans?
What did Eugene McCarthy announce in 1968?
What happened on January 31, 1968?
How did the media respond to the event?
What did the Tet Offensive demonstrate to the American people?
What was Walter Cronkite’s role in the Tet Offensive?
How did these events shape President Johnson in 1968?
What did Johnson announce in March?
Who seemed to be the likely Democratic nominee before he was killed?
What 2 events happened on the same day in 1973?
What was ironic about that?
Who was killed on April4th?
What happened that night in cities across the nation?
After the death of RFK who were the 3 serious candidates in 1968?
How did Richard Nixon emerge as a the winner of this election?
What were his major promises to the people that helped him win?
How did Nixon’s election show the utter defeat of the New Left and the a rise of the New Right?
What prior qualifications made Nixon a good choice for President?
What is realpolitik and how did Nixon use it?
What is Vietnamization?
Why did discipline in the army decline in 1967?
What is AWOL?
What atrocity did Lt. Calley commit?
How did this rock the nation?
How did Henry Kissenger help pave the way to peace in the Vietnam War?
How did Nixon expand the Vietnam war as he withdrew troops from the frontlines?
Why did he do this?
What bargaining chip did North Vietnam have that stalled the peace talks?
What did the US want for peace?
What did North Vietnam want for peace?
What happened in Paris January 1973?
Who was Le Duc Tho?
How many Americans were dead and wounded in this war?
How much money had been spent?
Why did Vietnam Vets describe coming home to the US to returning to the US as immigrants?
What price did the people of Vietnam pay in this war?
Why does the Vietnam War remain as a dark and cloudy episode of US history?
What is Détente?
89. How did Nixon plan to split the China/Soviet Union alliance?
90. What happened in Feb. 1972?
91. How did the public react to this bold trip?
92. What happened in May of 1972?
93. What were the results of this trip?
94. Did Nixon achieve his goals?
95. Why are Nixon and Kissenger hailed as geniuses for détente?
96. What was the shortcoming of détente?
97. What happened for 6 days in 1967?
98. Who was the PLO?
99. Why did Arabs unite to try and crush Israel?
100.
How did Henry Kissenger get involved in the peace process?
101.
What is shuttle diplomacy?
102.
What settlement kept the peace for many years between Israel and Arab nations?
103.
What is the Arab Israeli conflict still going on and unresolved to this day?
104.
What personal qualities set Nixon up to destroy himself politically?
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What American triumph occurred on July 21 1969?
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Who were the heroes?
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How can we see détente in space?
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What sparked Nixon to environmental activism in the 1970s?
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What is the EPA?
110.
What is OSHA?
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Why were conservatives grumbling about Nixon?
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Why did Nixon’s attempts at liberalism prove to be brilliant?
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When was the first Earth Day?
114.
What was wrong with the US economy?
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How did Nixon try to revive the US economy?
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Why were his plans backfiring and failing?
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What makes inflation a difficult foe to battle?
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How did OPEC try to punish the US?
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Why did many Americans wish a return to Law and Order and move away from protest and radicalism?
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What government agencies did Nixon use to fight his enemies?
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Who were the plumbers?
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What was the Pentagon Papers?
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How did the Supreme Court rule in the case regarding military secrets published in the newspapers?
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What was Nixon’s Southern Strategy?
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How did Nixon appeal to white southerners?
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Who was Warren Burger?
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How was he supposed to reshape the Supreme Court?
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How did Nixon win the election of 1972?
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What happened in Maryland on May 15th?
130.
Why did McGovern fail to mount an effective campaign to unseat Nixon?
131.
What was the purpose of CREEP?
132.
What made the Watergate Hotel important to CREEP?
133.
Why was the arrest of the burglars a potential blow to the Nixon presidency?
134.
How did the White House begin to cover the scandal up?
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How did Nixon interfere with the investigation?
136.
How did Judge Sirica crack open the beginning of the scandal?
137.
What was the role of Carl Bernstein b and Bob Woodward?
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How did Deep Throat assist the reporters?
139.
One by one, what was happening to top Nixon aides and cabinet members in 1973?
140.
Why was this happening?
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How did the White House tapes play a major role in the Congressional investigation?
142.
How did Nixon try to avoid the tapes?
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What did the Supreme Court say about the edited tapes?
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What steps did the House of Representatives take?
145.
What happened on August 5th 1974?
146.
Who was the next president?
147.
Why did Nixon resort to extremes in politics and cover-ups when it was clear that election of 1972 was
going to be a landslide?
148.
How did the transition from Nixon to Ford demonstrate that the Constitution is a remarkable piece of
paper?
149.
What were the longterm consequences of Watergate?
150.
How do we still see the specter of Watergate today?
Chapter 30: Society, Politics, and World Events from Ford to Reagan, 1974 to 1989
Read the chapter and answer the questions.
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In 1985 who did Forbes magazine claim as the richest person in America?
What was his wealth?
How did this man rise up to the top?
What was the key to his success in business?
Why did stores such as K Mart fail to compete with Wal Mart?
What was Wal Mart stock worth by 2002?
What did the critics of Wal Mart claim?
By 2002 how many stores and employees did Wal Mart have?
What does the growth of Wal Mart reflect in the changing of US business?
What are the 2 key themes of the post Watergate era?
How and why did the liberalism of the sixties clash with the conservatism of the 70s?
Why did Americans turn to personal preoccupations?
What is a yuppie?
What did Lasch’s book The Culture of Narcissism claim?
What did TV shows and movies like Star Wars and Dallas suggest about Americans?
How does the movie Saturday Night Fever capture the spirit of the 70s?
How did the VCR change America?
How did the personal computer change America?
How did the songs of Bruce Springsteen capture the mood of Americans?
What did the 70s albums of Bob Dylan suggest about American attitudes?
What changes did the book Silent Spring inspire?
What is Greenpeace?
What was the purpose of the Save the Whales campaign?
What did the movie the China Syndrome predict?
How many members did NOW have by 1975?
What was ERA?
What did the court case Roe v. Wade assert?
What happened to the number of abortions performed?
Why did the Feminist movement splinter in the 70s?
In what way was the progress of women in the workforce stagnating?
Why?
Look at page 940. How did the hobby of Bill Gates transform itself into a economic and cultural revolution?
What are the implications of this economic and cultural revolution?
Back to 942. Why were women delaying marriage?
What were teens doing in the 60s and 70s that had never happened before in great numbers?
Why were so many unmarried couples living together?
What is significant about the Gay Pride parades of the 70s?
What do Harvey Milk and Barney Frank have in common?
What changes in the laws occurred thanks to gay rights activists?
When did AIDS first appear?
How was this epidemic spreading?
What did the AIDS diagnoisis of major stars like Arthur Ashe and Magic Johnson do for the fight against AIDS?
Why did conservatives revolt against the liberalism of the 60s?
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Why were liberal ideas such as ERA being voted down in the halls of government?
What did Jerry Falwell have to say about the gay and lesbian movement?
What happened to Harvey Milk?
What did Donna Summer say about AIDS?
What grounds did Evangelical Christians use to base their criticisms on?
What is the Moral Majority?
How did Falwell’s group change the course of politics?
How did Jimmy Swaggart, Pat Robertson, and Jim Baker attract millions of Evangelicals?
What challenges did farmers and minorities face in the 70s?
What happened to the percentage of Americans working on a farm?
Why did farm employment decrease but farm productivity increase?
What was the purpose of Farm Aid?
How and Why did the hippies try to recover the farm culture of America?
What were the reasons for the high numbers of blacks going to college and joining the middle class in the 70s?
Why did many blacks fail to rise out of poverty?
How did drugs and gang violence cripple black teens chances of future success?
What percentage of black children were raised in a single parent environment?
How did affirmative action try to help blacks rise out of poverty and overcome challenges?
What did the court case Bakke vs. California say about affirmative action?
What drastic actions of protest did AIM take in the 70s?
What were they fighting for?
How did the federal government try to assist American Indians?
How did Hollywood help change the stereotypical pop culture image of Indians?
Since 1970 how many more Americans are there?
What factors attracted Hispanics to the United States?
Why did immigration from Asia continue to climb?
What issues made it difficult for a president to be successful in the mid 70s?
When did Ford become president?
What did he declare when he took office?
What is OPEC?
How did they damage the US?
Why?
What is WIN?
Why did it fail?
What steps did many Americans take during the energy crisis?
What made 1976 a very special year?
What advantages did Jimmy Carter have over Gerald Ford?
Why were Republicans having so hard of a time overcoming Carter?
What was Carter’s greatest weakness?
What steps did Carter take to tackle environmental problems?
What happened at Love Canal?
What did Carter do about it?
What was Carter’s domestic record?
Why is it absent of achievements?
What did Carter do with the Panama Canal?
What happened to US Soviet Relations?
90. What is human rights and why was Carter adamant about them?
91. What was the SALT II treaty and why was it not ratified?
92. Who were the major leaders at Camp David?
93. What accomplishments are in the Camp David Accords?
94. Why was this considered next to impossible to accomplishment?
95. Who was the Ayatollah?
96. What did Iranian students do?
97. How long until the Americans were free?
98. What steps did Carter take to resolve the crisis?
99. Why did the Iranian Crisis ruin Carter’s chances for reelection?
100.
How did the energy crisis, economic problems, and stagflation contribute to Carter’s defeat?
101.
Who emerged as the major Republican leader of 1980?
102.
Why did Americans rally around Reagan?
103.
What is the New Right?
104.
What role did Christians like Jerry Fallwell and the Christian Coalition play in politics?
105.
What is a PAC?
106.
How did they help Reagan?
107.
What are Reagaonimcs?
108.
How did Reaganomics work ?
109.
Why did domestic spending suffer under Reagan?
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How was James Watt and why was he controversial?
111.
How did the government try to deal with inflation?
112.
Why did Reaganomics make things worse instead of better?
113.
What level had the trade deficit reached by 1984?
114.
How many factory jobs were lost by the 80s?
115.
What happened to the stock market?
116.
How did this prove to be a catalyst?
117.
Why did guys like Donald Trump and EF Hutton become celebrities?
118.
What was the downside to the Wall Street stock success?
119.
What happened to a Korean airliner?
120.
What was happening in El Salvodor?
121.
Who were the Sandinistas?
122.
How did Reagan plan to get rid of them?
123.
What happened in Grenada?
124.
What was happening between Israel and the PLO?
125.
Why was there a war in Lebanon?
126.
What role did the US take?
127.
What happened to 239 Marines in Beirut?
128.
Why did defense spending exceed $300 billion?
129.
What was the nuclear freeze campaign?
130.
What was SDI?
131.
What factos lead to Reagan’s reelection?
132.
Who was Geraldine Ferraro?
133.
Why did trade and budget deficits continue to soar?
134.
How did Reagan plan to fight the Sandinastas and free hostages in Lebanon?
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What was dangerous about the Iran Contra Plan?
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What made this a scandal?
What was the president’s role?
How was Oliver North?
Why was Reagan not impacted by the scandal?
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
What was the INF Treaty?
Why was Reagan’s visit to Moscow historic?
What problems continued in the Middle East?
What happened to on the Achille Lauro?
What happened in Scotland?
Who was responsible?
How did Reagan punish Libya?
What do champions of Reagan claim about his time as president?
What do the critics say?
Why is Ronald Reagan still one of our most revered presidents?
Enduring Vision Chapter 31: Beyond the Cold War: Charting a New Course 1988 to 1995
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What happened to many Eastern European governments in 1989?
What happened to the Berlin Wall?
Why was this happening?
Describe the scene surrounding the collapse of the wall?
How did the end of the Cold War pose new challenges to the uS?
Which 2 presidents had to face these challenges?
What credentials made George Bush an ideal successor to Reagan?
Who was the Democratic challenger?
What led to his complete defeat in the election?
What happened to the Baltic Republics?
What were the results of the historic Bush/Gorbachev treaty?
Why did Gorbachev face an overthrow?
Why did this communist coup fail?
What did the US do during this time?
Why was the US worried about the breakup of the Soviet Union?
Who was Noriega?
How did Bush handle the crisis in Panama?
What was the US policy towards South Africa?
What historic achievement did Mandela create in 1990?
What happened in Tianaemmen Square?
What happened in Kuwait?
What was the role of Saddam Hussein?
What steps did George Bush take to defeat Iraq?
What happened in January 1991?
What happened on Feb. 23 1991?
How many Americans were killed in this war?
Why is Operation Desert Storm one of the most brilliant military actions of US history?
What did Hussein promise to do?
What happened to the Savings and Loans bank industry?
What did George Bush do about it?
How did this crisis impact the ecnomony?
Who was Rodney King?
What happened to him?
Why did South Central LA breakout into riots?
What law was signed to schools during the recession?
What is important about the Americans with Disablities Act?
How did the Exxon Valdez shape the concerns for the environment?
Who was Sandra Day O’Connor?
What made Clarence Thomas a controversial Supreme Court appointment?
What happened to George Bush in the campaign of 1992?
Who was Ross Perot?
How did he shape the election?
How did Bill Clinton win the election?
What qualifications did Clinton bring to the White House?
What is the New Democratic Coalition?
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What is Don’t Ask Don’t Tell?
How did Clinton try to help the economy and federal budget problems?
What is NAFTA?
Why did Clinton support his?
What happened to gas prcies?
What changes to health care did Clinton propose?
Why did this fail?
What changes to crime and welfare did Clinton create?
Who was Vince Foster?
What happened to him?
How did the Christian Coalition lead a Republican resurgence?
Why were Clinton’s critics and enemies so popular?
What issues did the new conservative movement uphold?
How did the NRA shape the debate on guns?
Who was Newt Gingrich?
What is the Contract With America?
What did Jesse Helms say about the UN?
Why did Clinton sign a welfare reform bill?
What regions of America were gaining in population?
Which regions were shrinking?
Why were so many Americans on the move?
What happened to the crime rate in the 1990s?
What happened to the AIDS epidemic in the 1990s?
What tragedy occurred in 1999 in Denver?
What challenges face black, Hispanic, and Indian families during the 1990s?
Why were Hispanics more successful than any other minority group during the 1990s?
What is the melting pot?
Why was it disappearing in the 1990s?
What were the new changes to the work place in the 1990s?
What happened in Oklahoma?
How did the economic boom of the 1990s shape American consumerism and materialism?
Why did SUV sales soar?
Why were scandal court cases such as the OJ Simpson trial a sensational hit with Americans?
What did movies like Titanic, Unforgiven, etc suggest about American values and attitudes?
What are the culture wars?
What were conservatives and liberals fighting over?
Why did both sides work towards a truce?
Why are the 1990s a richly rewarding decade and a decade of emptiness?
Chapter 32 HW New Century, New Challenges, 1996 to the Present
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What happened in the World Trade Center in Feb of 1993?
What happened in Saudi Arabia in 1995 and 1996?
In what ways were these events a warning?
What happened on 9/11?
How did this change the next 10 years?
Who ran against Clinton in 1996?
Why did the Republicans fail to unseat Clinton?
In what way had Clinton become a centrist?
How did laws regulating the tobacco industry help Americans?
How did Clinton and the federal government have a budget surplus?
What scandal rocked the White House?
What steps did Clinton’s enemies take?
Whatw as the results of the impeachment trial?
What are the Dayton Accords of 1995?
Hw did this bring peace to Bosnia?
What was happening in Chechyna?
What did Clinton do about various crisis in Somalia, Rwanda, and Haiti?
What was the hope of the Oslo Peace Accord?
Why did it fail?
Why is the START II Treaty important?
What happened to the USS COLE?
What was America’s new role in the post Cold War era?
How did trade and economics shape the US role of world leader?
How did globalization shape our role as world leader?
What was happening to the relationships between rich and poor nations?
What was the US role in this widening gap?
How did international groups try to assists with world problems during this time?
Why did America struggle with our new role in the world?
What was the trend of the stock market during the 1990s?
How did technology companies contribute to the red hot stock market?
Why was this a dangerous development?
What happened to the income gap between the rich and poor during the 1990s?
What about the gap between whites and minorities?
What is the WTO?
What did it replace?
Why is it controversial?
What happened to the ecnomy of Japan?
Who won the election of 2000?
Why was it so close?
Why was there a feud over votes in Florida?
What was Clinton’s last act as president?
What had changed about George Bush by the time he became president?
What promises did Bush deliver upon his election?
Why did the economy fall back into recession again?
What was the fate of the McCain Feingold bill?
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According to scientists what was happening to global weather?
Why?
What happened on 9/11?
How did the US respond?
Why is the war in Afghanistan difficult to win?
What steps did Bush take to secure the Home Front in the days after 9/11?
What is the Patriot Act?
Why is it controversial?
Why did the US invade Iraq?
Who won the election of 2002?
What were the results of the election of 2004?
What can we can we conclude about the decade known as the “onesies” or 2000 to 2010?
Exactly how many HW questions did we answer this year?