Assessment Procedures:
Observational Techniques,
Peer Appraisal, and Self-Report
Chapter 13
June 25, 2007
Activity
Anecdotal Records
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Anecdotal Records: is the least structured
observational technique. An anecdotal
record is a factual descriptions of the
meaningful incidents and events that the
teacher has observed.
A good anecdotal record keeps the objective
description of an incident separate from any
interpretation of the behavior’s meaning. A
teacher daily observations provides a wealth
of information.
(Figure 13.1)pg.306
Uses of Anecdotal Records
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Anecdotal records can be used for:
obtaining data pertinent to a variety of
learning outcomes and to many aspects of
personal and social development. It is
important that Anecdotal records be used in
a natural setting.
The potential usefulness of the Anecdotal
method is shown in (Table 13.1) pg.206
The problem in using Anecdotal records: is
not so much what can be assessed as what
should be assessed with this method.
What Behaviors to
Observe and Record
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General Framework for Observations
1. Confining our observation to those areas
of behaviors that cannot be assessed by
other means.
2. Limiting our observation of all students at
any given time to just a few types of
behavior.
3. Restricting the use of extensive
observation of behaviors to those few
students who are most in need of special
help.
Advantages and Limitations
of Anecdotal Records
Advantages
1.They depict actual
behavior in natural
situation.
2. Facilitate gathering
evidence on events.
Limitations
1. Amount of time
required to maintain
an adequate system
of records.
2. The difficultly of being
objective when
observing and
reporting student
behavior.
Effective Use of Anecdotal
Records
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Determine in advance what to observe, but be
alert for unusual behavior.
Analyze observational records for possible sources
of bias.
Observe and record enough of the situation to
make the behavior meaningful
Make a record of the incident as soon after the
observation as possible.
Limit each anecdote to a brief description of a
single incident.
Effective Use of Anecdotal
Records
6. Keep factual description of the incident and your
interpretation of its separate.
7. Record both positive and negative behavioral
incidents.
8. Collect a number of anecdotes on a student before
drawing inferences concerning typical behavior.
9. Obtain practice in writing anecdotal records.
Peer Appraisal
Peer Appraisal: when students rate their
peers, using the same criterion as the
teacher.
Two Techniques Used in Peer Appraisal
1. Guess-Who Technique: each student is
presented with a series of brief behavior
descriptions and asked to name those
students who best fit each description. The
description is limited to either positive or
negative characteristic. (pg. 314)
Scoring (pg. 315)
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Peer Appraisal
2. Sociometric Technique: a method for assessing the
social acceptance of individual students and the
structure of a group. (pg. 317 Figure 13.4)
Guidelines for Sociometric Choosing:
A.
The choices should be real choices that are
natural parts of classroom activities.
B.
The basis for choice and the restriction on the
choosing should be made clear.
C.
All students should equally free to participate in
the activity or situation.
Peer Appraisal
Guidelines for Sociometric Choosing:
D. The choices each student makes should be kept
confidential
E. The choices should be actually used to organize or
rearranges groups.
Sociogram: a way of organizing sociomertic data
which can help the teacher organize a classroom
group.
Self-Report Techniques
Methods of Self-Report
The best method of self-report is the Personal
Interview: face-to-face contract has several
advantages as a self repot procedure.
1.
Flexible, interviewers can clarify questions
2.
Interviewers can observe interviewees
3.
Interview makes possible not only collecting
information from interviewees but also sharing
information with them.
Self-Report Techniques
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Personal Interview has two serious
problems, First it is extremely time
consuming. Second, the information gained
is not a standard from for one person to
another.
Self-Report techniques can be useful in
subject matter from English to Math.
Self-Report Techniques
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Self-Report are most effective if the
respondent out both willing and able
to report accurately.
Peer rating and self-report inventories
can provide useful information for
students performance through tests
results, observational data, and other
information concerning students.
Self-Report Techniques
Other Types of Self-Report
Attitude Measurement: having the students
measure how much they enjoy a variety of
lessons the teacher teach.
Interest Inventories: when the teacher list the
lesson or topic the class will study. The
students then rank what they our most
interested in studying.
Self-Report Techniques
Other Types of Self-Report
Personality Inventories: when the teacher
provides a list of questions to the student
individually. This will help the teacher have
an idea of the student behavior and their
personality towards learning.
Projective Techniques: psychiatric techniques
perform by license doctors. Example
Rorschach Test.
Activity
Quiz