General Physiology
Bio 321
What is physiology? How does it differ from
cell biology? Biochemistry? Ecology?
Figure 1-1
• Physiology is studied from cellular to
organismal level by body systems
• What are the 10 major body systems? What is
each of these systems responsible for?
Table 1-1
Which two systems are the primary control systems of the body?
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nervous and endocrine
nervous and circulatory
digestive and nervous
endocrine and circulatory
endocrine and immune
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Physiology is concerned with homeostasis, and how the body
maintains it. What is homeostasis?
• Think of a body process that is controlled within narrow limits
(an example might be blood pH, which must be maintained
within pH of 7.0 to 7.7).
• What happens if there is an internal or external change in the
process (for the above example it might be eating a high protein
diet – external change – which causes production of more ketoacids, lowering blood pH)?
• What does the body system do in the face of this external (or
internal) change to keep the system within its limits?
• What happens if the body system can not get back into the
correct range?
Figure 1-4
• Physiology is a science of
data, with much of the
information being
displayed either in figures
or tables
Figure 1-5b
You are measuring growth (change in height) of the plant Arabidopsis at two
different temperatures every day for a five-week period.
When you graph the results, what is your dependent variable?
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the species of plant
the temperature at which the plants are grown
the height of the plants
time when growth is recorded
When you graph the results, what is your independent variable?
•time when growth is recorded
•the temperature at which the plants are grown
•the species of plant
•the height of the plants
Figure 1-7a
You are measuring growth (change in height) of the plant Arabidopsis
at two different temperatures every day for a five-week period. The
table below shows the data you collected. What kind of graph will be
most appropriate for presenting the data?
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Bar graph
Histogram
Line graph
Scatter plot
Pie chart
Table 1: Average plant growth (in inches) during the five-week study period
Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
4"
7"
8"
10"
11"
Plants 5"
at 35̊ C
7"
10"
10"
13"
Plants
at 25̊ C
Week
5
Figure 1-7b
Figure 1-7c
Figure 1-7d
Figure 1-7e
Students studied the effects of the chemical acetylcholine (ACh) on heart rate
in the crustacean Daphnia. Their data are shown below.
ACh
1 x 10-2
1 x 10-3
1 x 10-4
Heart rate (bpm)
Animal 1
Animal 2
25
30
22
24
18
18
Animal 3
29
26
21
The most appropriate graph for this data would have _____ as the xaxis label.
The most appropriate graph for this data would have _____ as the yaxis label.
The most appropriate graph type for this data would be a:
Draw a rough representation of the graph
Table 1-2