REPORTING AND INTERPRETING SALES
REVENUE, RECEIVABLES, AND CASH
PowerPoint Authors:
Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA
Charles W Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA
Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA
Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The revenue realization principle requires that revenues be recorded when earned.
Goods have been delivered or services have been rendered.
There is persuasive evidence of an arrangement for customer payment.
Price is fixed or determinable.
Collection is reasonably assured.
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When customers purchase on open account, they may be offered a sales discount to encourage early payment.
Read as: “Two ten, net thirty”
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Customers have a right to return unsatisfactory or damaged merchandise and receive a refund or an adjustment to their bill. Such returns are often accumulated in a separate account called
Sales Returns and Allowances.
Damaged
Merchandise
Returned
Merchandise
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Companies record credit card discounts, sales discounts, and sales returns and allowances separately to allow management to monitor these transactions.
Sales revenue
Less: Credit card discounts
Sales discounts
Sales returns and allowances
Net sales
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Accounts receivable are created when companies have sales to customers on open accounts.
Notes receivable are written promises from another party to pay with specified terms.
Trade receivables are amounts owed to the business for credit sales of goods or services.
Nontrade receivables are amounts owed to the business for other than business transactions.
Balance Sheet Classifications
Current (short term)
Noncurrent (long term)
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Bad debts result from credit customers who will not pay the amount they owe, regardless of collection efforts.
Matching Principle
Allowance
Method
Bad Debt Expense
Record in same accounting period.
Sales Revenue
Most businesses record an estimate of the bad debt expense with an adjusting entry at the end of the accounting period.
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Deckers estimated bad debt expense for 2011 to be $75,995. Prepare the adjusting entry.
Contra-asset account
Bad debt expense is normally classified as a selling expense and is closed at year-end.
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ESTIMATING BAD DEBTS ─
PERCENTAGE OF CREDIT SALES METHOD
Bad debt percentage is based on historical percentage of credit sales that result in bad debts.
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ESTIMATING BAD DEBTS ─
PERCENTAGE OF CREDIT SALES METHOD
The focus of the percentage of credit sales method is on determining the amount to record on the income statement as Bad Debt Expense .
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ESTIMATING BAD DEBTS ─
AGING OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The focus of the aging of accounts receivable method is on determining the desired balance in the Allowance for
Doubtful Accounts on the balance sheet.
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ESTIMATING BAD DEBTS ─
AGING OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
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Example of a Bank Reconciliation
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The bank reconciliation identifies previously unrecorded transactions or changes that are necessary to cause the company’s Cash account(s) to show the correct cash balance. Any transactions or changes on the company’s books side of the bank reconciliation need journal entries.
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