2011 SOUTH EAST ASIAN REGIONAL
WORKSHOP ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION INDICATORS
[5th
Hanoi, Vietnam
to 8th December 2011]
Anita Bahari
Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
MALAYSIA
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Usage of S&T Indicators
Malaysia’s Performance in S&T Indicators
Development
Collecting R&D Statistics
Malaysia’s Experience
23-Mar-16
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Malaysia (MOSTI)
Malaysian Science and Technology
Information Centre (MASTIC)
S&T
INDICATORS
DATABASES
Set up in 1992- one of the recommendations
under National Action Plan for Industrial
Technology Development (TAP)
One stop centre for the collection and
dissemination of S&T management
information in Malaysia
MASTIC’s main activities
Conduct surveys, produces reports, develops S&T and R&D
databases and provides essential facts and figures on Malaysian
S&T and R&D.
S&T Indicators reports– trends in selected indicators reflecting Malaysia’s
achievement in S&T (1994 – 2010)
Survey of Research and Development – comprehensive information on status
of R&D activities and the R&D growth in Malaysia;
Survey of Innovation – reports on status of technological innovation in
manufacturing and services sector
Bibliometrics study – national citation report
Public Awareness of S&T Malaysia – Malaysian public awareness, attitude,
interest and understanding towards S&T – once in every 5 years
S&T Indicators
Time series
Trends
Benchmarking
Describes the input and output S&T activity.
The purpose is to contribute to an overview of country
knowledge infrastructure, its national and international
status, its products, impact and productivity, cooperation
and use of knowledge.
Provides an overall picture of performance of country and
focus on long term trends
5
S&T Indicators
It cannot be denied that statistical STI indicators have been
of increasing interest to the government, industry and
public as a whole. They serve as one of the important
inputs in assessing STI system of a country so that national
competitive advantages could be maintained and
promoted.
Human capital
R&D&C
Enhance collaboration and networking, etc
S&T Indicators Measurement
R&D Survey
Innovation Survey
Public Awareness in S&T Survey
Bibliometrics study
Malaysian Research and Development
Classification System – 6th edition
S&T Indicators Report
7
How we gather the data?
Type of data
Primary
MASTIC conducted own survey
National R&D Survey
Innovation Survey
Public Awareness on S&T
Bibliometrics study
Secondary
Data obtained from various related agency
MOE
Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO)
Bank Negara Malaysia
Other government agencies
8
What are the Main S&T Indicators?
Input
Education in S&T
Research and Development
Human Resource in S&T
•
Output
– Patents
– Bibliometrics
•
Impact
– Public Awareness on S&T
– Balance of Payment and Trade in Technology
– Innovation in Industry and Technological Innovation
9
MALAYSIA PERFORMANCE IN R&D
1992 to 2008
and way forward
Importance of R&D
provide official statistics on Malaysian R&D.
Input to the National S&T Policy
Benchmarking
Collecting R&D Statistics
Series of biennial surveys - since 1992 until
2008.
Starting from 2009, data collection is done
every year
.
23-Mar-16
Indicators of R&D
1 • Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
2 • Human Resource
3 • Source of funds
4 • Performance Sectors
5 • Type of Activity
6. • Field of Research
EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD/GDP), 1992-2008
EXPENDITURE
(RM million)
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2008*
GERD
550.7
611.3
549.3
1,127.0
1,671.5
2,500.6
2,843.8
3,646.7
1,739.7
3,139.3
Private Sector
246.3
292.5
400.1
746.1
967.9
1,633.1
2,033.6
3,096.4
535.5
1,935.1
Government
Research Institute
253.7
164.9
108.7
247.3
417.5
507.1
296.9
189.5
431.3
Institute of Higher
Learning
50.7
150.9
40.4
133.6
286.1
360.4
513.3
360.8
772.9
772.9
Ratio GERD/GDP
(%)
0.37
0.34
0.22
0.39
0.5
0.69
0.63
0.64
0.24
0.44
Note :
GERD - Gross Expenditure on R&D
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 2008 : RM 738,667 million
Source: MASTIC, R&D Survey report
431.3
Trend Total R&D Expenditure, series data 1992 - 2008
4000
3,646.7
Ependiture (RM Million)
3500
3000
2,843.8
2500
2,500.6
2000
1,671.5
1500
1000
500
0
3,139.3
1,739.7
1,127.0
608.3 549.1
550.7
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 *2008
Year
Trend GERD/GDP, Series Data 1992 – 2008
10th Malaysia
Plan
Objective
GERD /GDP
1.0% by the
year 2010
Human Resource in R&D
1998
2000
2002
3,415.8
6,422.7
7,157.5
Researchers (Headcount)
6,249
15,022
17,790
FTE per researcher
0.55
0.43
0.40
2004
2006
2008
12,669.5
9,694.23
12,541.6
23,092
19,021
24,991
0.55
0.51
0.50
Researchers (FTE)
Researchers (FTE)
Researchers (Headcount)
FTE per researcher
Note;
FTE : Full Time Equivalence
Number of Researchers per 10,000 Labour Force
0.8
25
22.7
0.7
21.3
0.64
0.63
18
GERD/GDP Ratio
0.6
20
17.9
0.5
15.6
0.5
15
0.39
0.4
0.37
0.34
0.44
10
0.3
0.22
5.8
0.2
7
5.1
5
0.1
2.1
0.0
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
Researcher per 10,000 LF
2000
2002
2004
2006
GERD/GDP Ratio (%)
2008 *
Researcher per 10,000 LF
0.69
Researchers per 10,000 population
Malaysia :Number of Researchers per 10,000 Population
10.0
9.2
9.0
9.0
8.0
7.3
7.1
6.5
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.3
2.0
2.8
2.0
1.0
0.0
1994
1996
1998
2000
Year
2002
2004
2006
2008
Trend Gross Expenditure in R&D (RM million) by
Type Of Activity
Trend Gross Expenditure on R&D (RM million) by Sector
4,000
3,646.7
3,096.4
2,843.8
2,500
3,139.3
3,000
2,500.6
2,500
1,671.5
1,633.1
1,500
1,935.1
2,033.6
2,000
1,500
773.0
1,127.0
2,000
1992
1,000
431.2
189.5
360.8
513.3
296.9
360.4
507.1
286.1
417.5
133.6
247.3
40.3
108.7
746.1
549.1
400.1
50.7
292.6
0
253.7
500
150.9
550.7
164.8
608.3
967.9
1,000
500
0
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
Private
GRI
IHL
Total
2008
Total R&D Expenditure (RM Million)
3,500
3,000
246.3
R&D Expenditure by Sector (RM Million)
3,500
HOW WE ORGANISE
THE SURVEY
R&D PERSONNEL
All persons involved directly on R&D include
administrators and clerical staff
3 ways measuring of R&D personnel
Headcount
FTE
Qualification
Measurement of FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE)
Best estimate – total amount of R&D work done by one
person in one year (for a given period)
FTE = 1 (maximum)
Measurement in person-years :
a) A person who spends 75% of their time on R&D
would be considered as having an FTE of 0.75
b) A full time R&D workers is employed at R&D unit for
6 month, the FTE = 0.5
SURVEY RESPONDENT
Public sector
Head of project
Researcher
Private sector
R&D manager
Accounting
Personnel unit
PROJECT ORGANISATION
Development of questionnaire & endorsement by Steering and
Technical Committee
Carry out preliminary survey – public sector
Database development – mailing list & data entry
Launch R&D Survey
send out survey kit
Carry out briefing/ road show to
coordinators
project leaders
researcher
Data collection/ QA
Analysis and report writing
Preliminary survey
For IHL and GRI only
To get basic data regarding R&D activities in
organisation - this will be used to measure response
rates in the actual survey
Information requested :
Name of Coordinator of institution
Project title
Head of project
Project status
Year expenditure
SURVEY KIT
Questionnaire
Guideline to Questionnaire - A simplified set of
instructions to be read by the researcher in order to
guide them to fill up the survey form.
MRDCS – Malaysian Research and Development
Classification System
MSIC – classify the type of industry for the
private sector
Type of questionnaire
General
Person responding
Project title
FOR & SEO
R&D personnel
Expenditure
Factors hampering
Private sector
• Main industry activity –
MSIC
• Present status of the
company
• Full time employee
• Capital & sales
• Type of R&D unit
• Incentives
MRDCS
CATEGORY
DIVISION 1 :
DIVISION
NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING
F1010000
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
F1010100
Mathematics
F1010101 Approximation theory
GROUP
F1010102 Calculus of variation
F1010103 Category theory, K-theory and homological
algebra
F1010104 Combinatorics
F1010105 Control theory
AREA
F1010106 Difference, differential, integral, integrodifferential and functional equations
F1010107 Dynamical systems
F1010199 Other mathematics
Malaysian Research and Development Classification System (MRDCS) – 6th edition
MSIC – Malaysian Standard Industrial Classification
TABULATION CATEGORIES, DIVISIONS AND DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY
A
DIVISI0N
01
DESCRIPTION
AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY
Agriculture, Hunting and Related Service Activities
02
Forestry, Logging and Related Service Activities
15
MANUFACTURING
Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages
16
Manufacture of Tobacco Products
17
Manufacture of Textiles
18
Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur
19
Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags,
Saddlery, Harness and Footwear
20
Manufacture of Wood and Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture;
Manufacture of Articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials
21
Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products
D
STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY
- private sector-
Information provided by your organisation is
strictest confidence. MASTIC does not disclose,
release or publish any identificiable information on
individuals, individuals companies, business unit or
R&D units from the survey.
Why the drop in GERD and GERD/GDP ratio?
1992 to 2008 and way forward
Response Rates for the Public Sector from 2002 to 2008
Response rates (%)
100
80
90.0
86.0
74.8
70.0
60
40
20
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
Response rates for the private sector
from 2002 to 2008
Number of company
250
200
230
204
198
164
150
100
50
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
Some Research Issues
Definitions
• Standard definition in methodology used
• Best estimate in measuring R&D expenditure
• Duration of research project carried out
• Financial year reporting
Data collection
• Data held confidential
• Reported as per project or per institution
• R&D survey on line: Collecting data per project
• Manual : Collecting data per institution
National R&D Survey, 2009-2011
Preliminary
survey
Sept 2010
Full Survey
of R&D
Kick - off
29 Nov 2011
Data
collection
29 Nov 2011 Feb 2012
R&D survey on line
http://indicators.mastic.gov.my/
TERIMA KASIH
THANK YOU