COLD WARa non-military battle of diplomacy and propaganda between the United States and Soviet
Union
Hot War – Conflict between two forces that involves military forces
Cold War
• Lasted from 1945-1990
• led to “hot” wars around globe in Korea, Vietnam
- Many of the smaller wars were called proxy wars because the U.S. and U.S.S.R. never fought face to face

USA vs. USSR
• USA
• Democracy
• People vote/Political Parties/Individual Freedoms
• Private Ownership
• Small business
• USSR
• Totalitarian Government
• One political party, Limit Religious rights, limit individual rights
• Government Control of Economy
• Government controls all production
• Everyone receives equal amount of wealth, based on needs.

Former Allies Clash/Why cant we be friends?
• Relations Break
• Stalin lost trust in the USA
• Only became ally to defeat Hitler
• USA kept the Atomic Bomb a secret from USSR
• Stalin’s spies steal plans to build A-Bomb
• USA took too long to invade Europe
• D-Day 1944
• Racial Discrimination in USA
• Second “Red Scare”
• United Nations
• UN – World Peace organization
• USA and USSR emerged as world powers
• UN building in NYC

Tension Mounts
• Potsdam Conference
• Big Three – USA, USSR, G.B
• In Yalta – Stalin promised “free elections” in Poland
• Truman wanted to Spread Democracy + Free Trade
• Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations
• Soviets Tighten Their Grip On Eastern Europe
• Stalin creates Satellite Nations:
• Satellite Nations: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania, and Poland
• Installs Communist rule
• United States Establishes a Policy of
Containment
• What is Containment?
• Prevent communism from spreading to other countries
• ”Iron Curtain”
• Division of Europe
• East and West Germany

US wants to…
•Create new world order- democracy
Soviets want to…
• Encourage communism in other countries
•Gain access to raw materials and markets
• Rebuild its own war-ravaged economy using eastern Europe's raw materials
• Control Eastern Europe to balance US influence in W. Europe
•Rebuild European gov’ts to ensure stability
• Keep Germany Divided and weak, so it would never threaten USSR again
•Reunite Germany

US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL 
“Containment” of
Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.
METHODOLOGIES:
 Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
 Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
GOAL  spread world-wide
Communism
 Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples
 [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]
 Bi-Polarization of Europe [ NATO vs. Warsaw Pact ]

Cold War in Europe
• USA and Britain try to prevent
Communism
• Greece and Turkey
• USA emerged as world leader
• The Truman Doctrine
• Help countries who resist communism
• Containment
• Hmm…Ukraine? Crimea? 2014-2015
• The Marshall Plan
• Lending aid to European countries in need $
• How did this prevent the spread of communism?
• Much of Europe was destroyed after
WWI + WW2

• Reunifying Germany
• Why doesn’t Stalin want to reunify the nation?
• Prevents supplies to Berlin
• 2.1 with only limited supplies
• The Berlin Airlift
• American and British forces fly supplies into
Western Berlin
• Increased American prestige around the world
• Soviets lift the blockade
• A new Germany (divided)
• East and West Germany
• Berlin Wall

NATO vs. WARSAW PACT
North Atlantic Treaty Organization : defense alliance among U.S. and
Europe against the Soviet Union. Still exists.
Warsaw Pact : Defense alliance among
Soviet Union and its satellite governments in Eastern Europe.

 United States
 Belgium
 Britain
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Iceland
 Italy
 Luxemburg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 1952: Greece &
Turkey
 1955: West Germany
 1983: Spain

} U. S. S. R.
} Albania
} Bulgaria
} Czechoslovakia
} East Germany
} Hungary
} Poland
} Rumania

The Cold War Heats Up

Communists Revolution in China

Korea After World War II
• Korean History
• Japan controlled 1905
• 1945 Yalta Conference
• Japan ordered to give up
Korea
• Allies divide Korea
• North/South 38 th parallel
• North – Soviet Union
• Kim IL Sung –
Communism
• South – America
• Syngman Rae- Unite
Korea

North Korea Invades

Domino Theory

The Role of the United Nations
Role of the United Nations
 The UN Security Council supported the use of force in Korea.
 5 countries had veto power
 The Soviet Union was absent for the vote
 Truman sent ground troops to Korea.
 June 30 th
 US NEVER DECLARED WAR
 Douglas MacArthur
 15 nations – 40,000 troops

• MacArthur’s Counterattack
• Why attack Inchon?
• The Chinese Fight Back
• Help N. Korea
• MacArthur Recommends Attacking China
• Should the U.S. use Nuclear Weapons?
• Soviet Alliance
• MacArthur Versus Truman
• Truman fires MacArthur
• Settling for Stalemate – Re-establishing old boundaries.
• 38 th Parallel

• MacArthur said that the UN faced a choice between defeat by the Chinese or a major war with them.
• He wanted to expand the war by bombing the Chinese mainland, perhaps even with atomic weapons.

Questions
• Why was the Korean War nicknamed the “Forgotten War”?
• Explain how the settlement to end the Korean War has impacted politics today?

The Cold War at Home

•
•
•

Growing Fear of Communism
• Tension
• Soviets have atomic bomb
• Stole plans from US
• 1949 USA intercepts radio signals
• Truman seeks to strengthen military
• H-Bomb, Planes
• Arms Race
• Communist Party of America
• 100,000 members
• 2 nd Red Scare

Fear of Communist Influence
• Truman combats home grown communism
• Loyalty Review Board
• Investigate Government employees (3.2 Million)
• Dismissals and resignations
• Millions investigated, hundreds resign, thousands quit
• The House Un-American Activities
Committee
• Propaganda in films
• Thought pro soviet messages were in the films
• Walt Disney/Ronald Reagan
• Hollywood Ten
• Did not testify, unconstitutional
• Arrested for 1 year
• Blacklist
• How did getting blacklisted affect people in government and entertainment?

McCarran Act
• McCarran Internal Security Act (1950): unlawful to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in the U.S.
• “Arrest and detain suspicious and questionable people that could threaten the
USA.”
1. Truman vetoed the bill, but
Congress overrode his veto

Spy Cases Stun the Nation
• Fear of Communism lead to Spy Cases
• Alger Hiss
• former Communist spy named Whittaker Chambers accused Alger
Hiss of spying for the S.U.
• Government official
• Accused of supporting communism
• Denied the charges
• Hiss was charged with lying under oath and served years in prison
• Klaus Fuchs
• German born scientist, Manhattan project
• Gave secrets to Soviet Union
• Rosenberg's
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
• Accused of giving atomic secrets to soviets
• Refused to answer questions
• Sentenced to death
• Electric Chair
• In 1997, the Soviets released info verifying that Julies was a spy, but their was no proof that he turned over info related to the bomb

Joseph McCarthy
• US Senator
• Played American’s fear to gain reelection
• McCarthy’s Tactics
• McCarthyism
• Anti-Communist accusations
• Unfounded accusations
• Claimed list of hundreds that had USSR ties that worked in the State
Department
• False Claims
• Movement is going to fade
• Too many false claims/destroyed people’s character

Two Nations Live on the Edge

Atomic Anxiety
• Atomic Weapons
• Future of Warfare
• Testing sites: New Mexico, Nevada,
Colorado, Mississippi, and Alaska
• Hydrogen Bomb
• Fusion of atoms
• Energy of Sun and Stars
• 100x more powerful than A-Bomb
• Test in 1952
• Island vanished
• Soviets Test H-Bomb
• Aug 1953
• Arms Race
• Nuclear weapons > soldiers
• B-52 Planes

Nuclear Technology

Brinkmanship Rules U.S Policy
• The Policy of Brinkmanship
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• John Foster Dulles
• Brinkmanship
• the U.S. promising to use all of its force, including nuclear weapons against aggressor nations like the S.U.
• US would increase spending on airforce

Nuclear Fears

Federal Civil Defense Administration
• The Truman administration created the
Federal Civil Defense Administration
(FCDA) to help educate and prepare the public for nuclear emergencies
• Citizens ready to handle a crisis
• “ back yard may be the next front line ”

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• KGB – USSR Spy organization
• The Warsaw Pact
• In response to NATO and West
Germany
• The Eisenhower Doctrine
• US would offer military assistance to aid countries in the Middle East
• Resist Communism
• Joined SEATO
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
(SEATO), 1954.

• Nikita Khrushchev
• Stalin’s successor
• The Space Race
• USSR vs. USA
• USSR -Sputnik, on Oct 4, 1957
• Power from Sputnik could be used to launch Intercontinental ballistic missiles.
• (ICBMs)
• Sputnik II – carried a dog
• National Aeronautics and Space
Administration ( NASA1958):
• established to counter the Soviet successes in space
• Explorer I (1958): USA Satellite

Spying
• U-2 Spy plane
• Francis Gary Power: a U-2 pilot that was shot down over
Soviet territory
• Mach 1 = 761.2 mph and flies at 70,000 ft or higher
• The U.S. gov’t knew the plane was shot down, but had know idea Power was alive and captured
• Eisenhower said the U-2 Spy plane was a weather pane
• Soviets present Power on live TV
• Sentenced to 10 years in prison for spying.
Khrushchev demanded that Eisenhower end the spy missions & apologize
• b. Eisenhower stopped the spy missions, but did not apologize (the 1960 meeting was cancelled)