ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ
Ultra-Large-Scale Systems
Seven Years after the Study
Thầy giáo: PGS.TS Nguyễn Ngọc Bình
Học viên thực hiện – Nhóm 11:
1. Nguyễn Xuân Hậu
2. Nguyễn Xuân Tùng
3. Hồ Văn Tuấn
Nội dung trình bày
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1. Giới thiệu về các hệ thống siêu lớn
(Ultra-Large-Scale Systems)
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2. Các đặc tính của các hệ thống siêu lớn
(Ultra-Large-Scale)

3. Những thách thức

4. Lĩnh vực nghiên cứu

5. Kết luận
Thế nào là một hệ thống siêu lớn
(ULS)?
A ULS System has unprecedented scale in some of these
dimensions:
◦ lines of code
◦ amount of data stored, accessed, manipulated, and refined
◦ number of connections and interdependencies
◦ number of hardware elements
◦ number of computational elements
◦ number of system purposes and user perception of these
purposes
◦ number of routine processes, interactions, and “emergent
behaviors”
◦ number of (overlapping) policy domains and enforceable
mechanisms
◦ number of people involved in some way
◦ …..
ULS systems are interdependent webs of software-reliant systems,
people, policies, cultures, and economics.
Các đặc tính của các hệ thống
siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale)
◦ Decentralization
◦ Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse
requirements
◦ Heterogeneous, inconsistent, and changing
elements
◦ Erosion of the people/system boundary
◦ Normal failures
◦ New paradigms for acquisition and policy
Decentralization

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
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Data
Development
Evolution
Operational control
Communication
Decentralized data
Decentralized development
Open Source Movement
Programmer who support open
movement
philosophy
 Linux – a Unix-Based operating system source
contribute to the open source
open source movement philosophy
community by voluntarily writing
contribute to the open
and exchanging programming
code for software development

Apache — a leading server software
and scripting language on the web
source community by voluntarily writing
and exchanging

MySQL — a database management
system programming code for software

PHP — a widely used open source
general- development. purpose
scripting language
Decentralized communication
Skype is the largest telephone
company in the world but has
almost no centralized infrastructure
Decentralized controller
Input
Output
LARGE-SCALE SYSTEM
un
u1
Controller 1
...
y1
Controller n
yn
Inherently conflicting, unknowable,
and diverse requirements

ULS systems will
be developed
and used by a
wide variety of
stakeholders
with unavoidably
different,
conflicting,
complex, and
changing needs.
3. Những thách thức
◦ Thiết kế và Tiến hóa
◦ Điều phối và kiểm soát
◦ Giám sát và đánh giá
“There are challenges associated
with ULS systems that today’s
perspectives are very unlikely to
be able to address.”
Thiết kế và Tiến hóa

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










Kinh tế và cơ cấu ngành công nghiệp (industry structure)
Hoạt động xã hội để xây dựng môi trường tính toán
Vấn đề pháp lý (Legal issues)
Enforcement mechanisms and processes
Definition of common services supporting the ULS system
Rules and regulations
Agility
Handling of change
Integration
User-controlled evolution
Computer-supported evolution
Adaptable structure
Emergent quality
Điều phố và kiểm soát
Online modification
 Maintenance of quality of service
 Creation and execution of policies and
rules
 Adaptation to users and contexts
 Enabling of user-controlled orchestration

Giám sát và đánh giá
Defining the indicators
 Understanding why indicators change
 Prioritizing the indicators
 Handling change and imperfect
information
 Gauging the human elements

Research Portfolio
Human Interaction
Computational Emergence
Design
Computational Engineering
Adaptive System Infrastructure
Adaptable and Predictable System Quality
Policy, Acquisition, and Management