By Adam Priebe
Plant Cell Parts Vocabulary
Nucleus- controls the functions in cell
Nucleolus- Makes the ribosomes
Cilia- hair-like structures that help the cell move (goes all around cell and is ONLY in
animal cells)
Plant Cell Diagram
Mitochondria- Fuel the cell and give it energy
Ribosomes- Make the proteins
Lysosomes- hold enzymes (ONLY in animal cells)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Stores ions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- Packages proteins / lipids
Cell Membrane- Supports the cell; keeps it in one piece, made of phospholipid bilayer
Cell Wall- Located ONLY in plant cells, this gives them additional support and helps
them keep their shape. Like the cell membrane, it goes around the whole cell right
outside it.
Both in plant cells
Cytoplasm- Jelly-like substance filling the parts of the cell that are not organelles
Plant Cell Diagram
Types of Plants
•
There are many types of plants, but the two main categories are vascular and nonvascular.
VASCULAR PLANTS
Vascular plants have a system of tubes that carry
nutrients through the plant. They also have true roots,
unlike non-vascular plants, which only have rhizoids (which
look like roots but do not carry nutrients or water). They
use roots to get water, are generally larger and higher up
than non-vascular plants, and have phloem and xylem (which
you will learn about later).
Non-VASCULAR PLANTS
Non-vascular plants, on the other hand, have NO tubes
to carry water (instead they use osmosis, where the
nutrients will move from where the plant already has them to
places where it doesn’t), are smaller and closer to the
ground, have NO phloem or xylem, and reproduce by spores.
Phloem and Xylem ...but what exactly is phloem, and what the heck is
xylem? Before we can learn what phloem and xylem are, we must first
understand the different types of roots. There are two main types:
monocotyledon (monocot) and dicotyledon (dicot). Monocots generally
have the major veins (the tubes that carry water and nutrients trough
them) parallel to each other, running in a straight line. They also are
more likely to have fibrous roots, the roots that will branch off of each
other with no apparent main root, than tap roots, where the other roots
branch off from a main one. Another difference is that monocots have
only one cotyledon (seed leaf), while dicots have two cotyledons. Now,
back to phloem and xylem. Phloem is the tissue in the plant that sends
nutrients and water from the leaves downward. Xylem sends the
nutrients from the roots upward.
There are three main types of roots:
• Tap roots- Roots that branch off from one
main root (such as carrots)
• Fibrous roots- Roots that branch off from
each other with no apparent “lead root”
• Adventitious roots- Roots that come
slightly above the ground
Fibrous Roots
Tap Roots
Adventitious
Roots
*Photosynthesis = How plants get energy from the sun, CO2, and Light
Energy.
How it works:
1) Light energy, water, and carbon dioxide
(CO2) enter the plant.
2) The plant’s chloroplasts undergo
photosynthesis and turn the things
from step one into oxygen and
glucose (the plant’s food)
3) We breathe in the oxygen that the plant
outputs. This is absorbed into the
plant, and the cycle happens over and
over again.
Photosynthesis Diagram
Plant morphology = The study of the structure of plants
Also called phytomorphology
There are two main systems in plants:
1) The root system- The roots in
plants
• This serves many purposes
including:
- Keeps the plant
anchored to the ground
- Absorbs nutrients from
the soil
- Stores water
2) The shoot system- The stems,
leaves, and flowers in plants
• This serves many purposes as
well including:
- Keeps the plant
upright
- Reproduction
- Transports nutrients
around the plant
- Stores nutrients and
water
Two different systems in plants
Can you
identify
the two
different
systems
in the
diagram
at right?