CHAPTER 13 – THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER 14 – THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE

CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the political structures and
systems that changed Europe during the Middle Ages and the
Formation of Western Europe


Objective 6.6: Describe the impact of the Hundred Years’
War and the Plague
THEME: Europe will become fragmented during
its decline after the fall of Rome and new
cultures will emerge.
SECTION 1
Church Reform and the Crusades
SECTION 2
Changes in Medieval Society
SECTION 3
England and France Develop
SECTION 4
The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR
& THE PLAGUE
In the 1300s, Europe was torn apart by religious
strife, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred
Years’ War.
TIMES ARE A CHANGIN’
: Chaos

Fall of Rome, Repeated Invasions and attacks from
Germanic tribes, Magyars, Vikings, Muslims
: Middles Ages reaches its peak!

Knights, Crusades, Powerful Kings and Popes
: Modern England and France develop

Parliament (England) & The Estates General (France)
: The End of the Middle Ages
Philip IV imprisons Pope Boniface VIII, Great Schism
 Bubonic Plague, Hundred Years’ War

THE DISEASE BEGINS!

http://www.history.com/topics/siege-oforleans/videos/the-black-deathbegins?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=
1&free=false

Origins and Impact of the Plague




In 1300s, Europe suffers
bubonic plague — extremely
deadly disease
Begins in Asia; spreads to Italy and other
countries over trade routes
One-third of Europe’s population
dies
Effects of the Plague



Town populations fall, trade declines, prices rise
Some serfs leave manors for paying work
Many Jews blamed and killed; Church suffers weakened stature
INFECTED
REGIONS
Coroner’s Report:
http://www.history.com/to
pics/siege-oforleans/videos/coronersreportplague?m=528e394da93
ae&s=undefined&f=1&fre
e=false
AMERICA?
If the Bubonic
Plague happened
in America today
the death total
would be over
100 million!

England and France



Hundred Years’ War — lasts from 1337–1453, between England
and France
English king Edward III claims French throne
The Longbow Changes
Warfare



In 1346, English army with
longbows beats much larger
French army
The English win other
victories with longbows in
1356 and 1415
Victory of longbows signals
end of reliance on knights
THE LONGBOW

http://www.history.com/topics/siege-of-orleans/videos/robinhood-and-thelongbow?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
FAMOUS BATTLES!

The English longbow
helps them win 3
major battles:
Crecy (1346)
 Poitiers (1356)
 Agincourt (1415)


Agincourt with Lego’s!

https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=X8LZ5o39KkQ

French peasant girl who believes in visions of saints
English king Henry V was set to become King of France
 She leads French army to victory at Orléans (1429);

o
o


French army retreated, her charge led French to victory
Charles VII crowned king
In 1430 England’s allies, the Burgundians, capture Joan in
battle
The English Church condemns Joan as a witch
On May 30, 1431, she is burned at the stake
 Charles VII does nothing to save her


Short Bio: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q3uAu1EuRc

Hundred Years’ War ends in 1453; France wins

100 Years’ War marks the end of medieval society

France and England experience major changes



rise in nationalistic feelings; king becomes national leader
power and prestige of French monarch increases
religious devotion and the code of chivalry crumbles
— ASSESSMENT

What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The morality of the Crusades
Kings wanting appoint Bishops in their lands
Arguments about who was in charge of the Holy Roman
Empire
Arguments about which man holding the position of Pope was
the true Pope
The most effective fighters at the battles of Crecy, Poitiers,
and Agincourt during the Hundred Year’s War were the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Knights on horseback
French soldiers with crossbows
The English Trebuchet
English longbowmen
— ASSESSMENT

What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The morality of the Crusades
Kings wanting appoint Bishops in their lands
Arguments about who was in charge of the Holy Roman
Empire
Arguments about which man holding the position of Pope was
the true Pope
The most effective fighters at the battles of Crecy, Poitiers,
and Agincourt during the Hundred Year’s War were the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Knights on horseback
French soldiers with crossbows
The English Trebuchet
English longbowmen