American Revolution ₪U.S. Constitution ₪American Political System ₪Presidents
₪Industrial Revolution ₪
₪Abolition Movement ₪
Westward Expansion
Civil War ₪Slavery
₪Reconstruction ₪
₪Gilded Age ₪
George Washington ₪Frederick Douglass ₪54th Massachusetts ₪Andrew Jackson
U.S. History
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Our Nation then; Our Nation today
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Standard 8.1 American Revolution
•
What do I need to know?
•
What do you believe is worth fighting
for?
Enlightenment: John Locke believed
in rights to liberty & equality, which
only a republic could provide.
Great Awakening: Religious movement
seeking to unite and revive spiritual
meaning throughout the 13 Colonies
by emphasizing that all are equal under
the eyes of God.
Republic: a country
governed by elected
representatives.
Stated: “all men are
created equal … with
certain inalienable
rights that among
these are life, liberty
& pursuit of
happiness.”
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Stated that if
government fails to
provide inalienable
rights, the people have
the right to abolish it.
stated the 27 complaints the
13 colonies had on King George III
Standard 8.2 U.S. Constitution
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: What is power? Who/what has power?
Mayflower
Compact
(1620)
Magna
Carta
(1215)
The people create
government.
- Limited Government
- Limit the power
of the King.
English Bill of
Rights (1689)
Social Contract- People have right to
abolish (get rid of) a government if it
does not protect individual rights.
Standard 8.2 U.S. Constitution (cont.)
What do I need to know?
Essential Question:
What is power?
Who/what has power?
The first attempt at creating a
government failed for several
reasons.
Debating the Constitution
3/5ths Compromise – Addressed
the issue as to whether slaves
would be people or property.
Articles of Confederation
=
as it became to be called…
gave more power to the states,
could not tax and/or solve
disputes between states.
Standard 8.2 U.S. Constitution (cont.)
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: What is power?
Who/what has power?
States
States
Federal
Government
Government
Federalism: Power is shared by
both the states and the
federal government. This
ensures that power is
distributed so that no one
party possesses power.
10th Amendment: Any power not
given to government goes
to the states.
Bill of Rights: Liberties/Rights
provided to the American people.
1st Amendment: Speech, Press,
Religion and Assemble & Petition
4th Amendment: Unreasonable
search and seizure
5th Amendment: Protects from
self-incrimination
6th Amendment: Fair and speedy
trial by impartial jury
8th Amendment: cruel and unusual
punishment.
Standard 8.2 U.S. Constitution (cont.)
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: What is power? Who/what has power?
Separation of
Powers
Three Branches of Government
Executive Branch
Carries out Laws
Judicial Branch
Interprets Laws
Legislative Branch
Makes Laws
Checks and Balances
System that allows each branch to limit
the powers of the other branches.
Standard 8.3 American Political System
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: Why do we argue?
Shays Rebellion & Whiskey Rebellion:
Rebellions are common forms of protesting a
bad decision made by government.
John Adams: Urges Congress
to pass Alien & Sedition Acts,
which limited freedom of speech
to all who opposed the
government.
VS.
Alexander Hamilton: Loose
construction of Constitution; wanted a
national bank for business
Thomas Jefferson: Strict
construction of Constitution;
wanted agriculture to be primary
concern in economy
Standard 8.3 American Political System
Laws come into effect once a
proposed bill travels through a long
process of discussion and debate.
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: Why do we argue?
The electoral college officially
elects the U.S. President. Each state
receives electoral votes which is based
on state population.
Standard 8.4 U.S. Presidents
George Washington: In
his Farewell Address,
Washington urges the
American people to unite
by avoiding political
alliances, war and debt.
Thomas Jefferson: Buys the
Louisiana Purchase for $15
million from France.
What do I need to know?
What separates a leader
from a follower?
Presidents provide Americans a
life of adventure. Popular
literature depicted frontier life in
the west.
Washington Irving
James Fenimore
Cooper
Our Nation then; Our Nation today
8.5
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.9
Standard 8.5
U.S. Foreign Policy
•
What do I need to understand?
•
What separates a leader from a follower?
War of 1812: A major cause of the war was
impressment (American
sailors were captured by British).
James
Madison
War of 1812 Headline:
White House is Burned Down
Indian Removal Act:
Act forced Native Americans to leave U.S. territory.
Monroe Doctrine
European powers could not
conquer Latin America.
Spoils System: Give political
supporters jobs.
Standard 8.6 Industrial Revolution
• What do I need to understand?
• How do we measure progress?
Women’s Suffrage
Seneca Falls Convention spreads
word on socio-economic rights.
Leaders were:
Thoreau
Emerson
(1). Elizabeth Stanton
Transcendentalists
(2). Lucretia Mott
People should listen to their
(3). Susan B. Anthony
‘gut-feeling’ more than their logic.
Henry Clay System
Immigration: Growth of cities
- Erie Canal
(1) Irish leave potato famine
(2) Germans escape
- Improves Transportation
persecution
Cotton Gin
Spread Slavery
Standard 8.7 & 8.9 Slavery and Abolition Movement
Liberator
•
•
What do I need to understand?
What makes people become heroes?
Abolition: End Slavery
Speeches
Supreme
Court (1857)
Underground
Railroad
William L.
Garrison
Frederick
Douglass
Dred Scott
Harriet Tubman
Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding
Kansas” (1854): Both territories
allowed the people to vote (popular
sovereignty) for or against slavery.
Compromise of 1850
(CA becomes a free state)
Missouri Compromise (1820):
Missouri enters the union as a slave
state; Maine enters as a free state.
This kept the balance for power in
the Senate.
Standard 8.8 Westward Expansion
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark document
life in the new territory
• What do I need to understand?
• What happens when cultures collide?
Manifest Destiny
U.S. had “God-given” right to
expand borders from 13
Colonies to Pacific Ocean.
California Missions:
Convert California
Indians to Christianity
Mexican-American War
River dispute in Texas led to
growing conflict between the
U.S. and Mexico.
Our Nation then; Our Nation today
8.10
8.11
8.12
Standard 8.10 Civil War
•
•
Nullification: States have right to ignore
U.S. laws. South Carolina did this
What do I need to know?
when it seceded from the union.
For what reasons might people choose violence
over talking and peaceful negotiating?
Emancipation Proclamation,
House Divided, Gettysburg
Address & Declaration of
Independence: Purpose is to
unite the American People and
resolve problems in America.
Daniel Webster: Government
has complete power.
John Calhoun: Limit power of
Government.
Weapons: Balloons, Rifles,
Cannons & Ironclads
Civil War Statistics
Critical Developments:
The Unions ability to produce
weapons, uniforms and stations
in large quantities helped pave
the way for a Confederate loss.
54th Massachusetts
Critical Developments: The
Confederate’s lack of industry
and railroad standardization,
greatly reduced the
effectiveness of South’s ability
to wage war. Naval Blockade:
Prevented British trade of
weapons to the South for cotton.
Standard 8.11 Reconstruction
•
•
What do I need to know?
How well do people respond to change?
Amendments
13th – Abolished Slavery
14th – Civil Rights
15th – Voting Rights
(African American men)
Jim Crow Laws
-
Separate but equal...
Segregation …
Same as Black Codes
Freedmen’s Bureau
Provide food, medicine,
education and
opportunities for work
to African-Americans
living in the South.
Reconstruction
The South must:
(1). Create new state
constitutions.
(2). Repeal act of
secession
(3). Elect new state
Plessy vs. Ferguson
governments.
Supreme Court creates
th
(4). Ratify 14 Amendment.
“Separate but equal”
(5). ABOLISH SLAVERY
ruling (1896)…
* Overturned in 1954 Brown v. Board of Education
Standard 8.12 Industrial Revolution
•
•
What do I need to know?
Essential Question: What causes people to
invent?
Entrepreneurs
Andrew Carnegie
(Steel Company)
Chapter 20
Alexander G. Bell
(Telephone- Ch.20)
Wright Brothers
(Airplane – Ch.21)
Thomas Edison
(Electricity- Ch.20)
John D. Rockefeller
(Oil Trust Company- Ch.20)
Eli Whitney / Henry Ford
- Interchangeable parts
- Mass production through
the assemble line.
Unions – Haymarket Square
Knights of Labor
Fought for more pay, working
hours and fair treatment in
the workplace.
(Ch.20)
Good Luck !