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Homework: Chapter Two- Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660
A. Significant Figures: List FIVE important people from this chapter and discuss WHY they were important.
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B. Important Events: List FIVE important events that were discussed in this chapter and WHY they were
important.
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C. Short Essay Question - Answer the following questions after having read the chapter in paragraph format. Each
answer MUST have a topic/thesis statement, at least three pieces of evidence and analysis.
How did political developments in seventeenth-century England impact the development of its American
colonies?
D. Stimulus Based Multiple Choice Questions
“Objection 5: But what warrant have we to take that land, which is and has been of long time possessed of others, the sons
of Adam?
“Answer: That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people rule over many lands without title or
property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it, but remove their dwellings as they have
occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors. And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst
them in their waste lands and woods….Secondly, there is more than enough for them and us. Thirdly, God has consumed
the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants. Fourthly, we shall
come in with good leave of the natives.”
John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England with an Answer to Several Objections…, 1629
1. Which European approach to colonization is most consistent with the arguments in the excerpt above?
A) Using trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire products for export to Europe.
B) Establishing tight control over the colonization process to convert and/or exploit the native populations.
C) Sending men and women to acquire land and populate settlements while having relatively hostile
relationships with the native inhabitants.
D) Integrating a coherent hierarchal imperial structure and pursing economic aims.
2. The author of the excerpt above was most interested in
A) participating in the fur trade with the native communities.
B) generating great wealth for the king in England.
C) converting American Indians to Christianity.
D) justifying the takeover of American Indian lands.
3. The North American colonial settlements referenced in the passage above tended to
A) be economically, religiously, and ethnically diverse.
B) establish like-minded, close-knit, homogeneous communities.
C) be dedicated to converting American Indians to Christianity.
D) develop staple crop economies based on slave labor.
4. What was the impact of the “miraculous plague” mentioned in the excerpt above?
A) It stimulated cultural and demographic change.
B) It led to European accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture.
C) It increased British colonists’ acceptance of intermarriage with native peoples.
D) It collapsed the fur trade and lessened access to trade goods.
E. Short Answer Question: Label the tasks! This question is based on the following image of a 1631
advertisement for Jamestown settlers.
Use the image to the left and your knowledge of United States history to
answer parts A, B, and C.
a. Explain the artist’s point of view in the image above about ONE of
the following:
 Women’s roles in society
 Social hierarchy
 Cultural attitudes
b. Explain how ONE element of the image expresses the point of view
explained in Part A.
c. Identify and explain how one piece of evidence not mentioned in Part
A or Part B contradicts an element of the image above.
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F. Outlining: Fill in the outline below for the section titled The Coming of the English (Emphasize social, political,
and economic themes. Time frames are acceptable information.)
I.
English Emigrants
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Indentured Servants
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III.
Land and Liberty
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IV.
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VI.
VII.
Englishmen and Indians
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The Transformation of Indian Life
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Native American Religion
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Changes in the Land
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G. Write a paragraph (4-5 sentences) summary of the section titled Settling the Chesapeake
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H. Reading Documents: Read and annotate the following passage(s) and then answer the corresponding questions.
America Compared: Plantation Colonies Versus Neo-Europes: “The prospects for Europeans who traveled to tropical
plantations like Barbados differed dramatically from those traveling to new-European colonies like Massachusetts Bay. In
the former, planters employed small armies of servants and slaves; in the latter, the first generation of colonists worked
hard, often in cold climates and rocky soils, to eke out a living.
Henry Whistler’s Journal, 1655: This Island [Barbados] is one of the Richest Spots of ground in the world and fully
inhabited…. The gentry here doth Hue [appear] far better than ours do in England : they have most of them 100 or 2 or 3
of slaves[,] apes who they command as they please…. This Island is inhabited with all sorts : with English, French, Dutch,
Scots, Irish, Spaniards they being Jews : with Indians and miserable Negroes borne to perpetual slavery they and their
seed : these Negroes they do allow as many wives as they will have, some will have 3 or 4, according as they find their
body able : our English here doth think a negro child the first day it is born to be worth £5, they cost them nothing the
bringing up, they go all ways naked : some planters will have 30 more or less about 4 or 5 years old : they sell them from
one to the other as we do sheep. This Island is the Dunghill whereon England doth cast forth its rubbish…. A rogue in
England will hardly make a cheater here : a Bawd brought over puts on a demure comportment, a whore if handsome
makes a wife for some rich planter.
William Wood, New England’s Prospect, 1634: But it may be objected that it is too cold a country for our English men,
who have been accustomed to a warmer climate. To which it may be answered…, there is wood good store and better
cheap to build warm houses and make good fires, which makes the winter less tedious…. [T]rue it is that some venturing
too nakedly in extremity of cold, being more foolhardy than wise, have for a time lost the use of their feet, others the use
of their fingers; but time and surgery afterwards recovered them. Some have had their overgrown beards so frozen
together that they could not get their strong-water bottles into their mouths… [W]hereas many do disparage the land,
saying a man cannot live without labor, in that they more disparage and discredit themselves in giving the world occasion
to take notice of their dronish disposition that would live off the sweat of another man’s brows…. For all in new England
must be workers of some kind…. And howsoever they are accounted poor, they are well contented and look not so much
at abundance as at competency.”
1. Henry Whistler was a soldier who briefly visited Barbados on a military expedition to the West Indies, while William
Wood lived for four years in Massachusetts Bay. How might that difference influence the tone of these two descriptions?
Justify your answer.
2.What core values does each author ascribe to the colony he wrote about?
3. What kinds of people are most likely to end up in each of these two colonies?
Annotate the following excerpt:
The Indian War of 1622: (2nd Powhatan War) The influx of migrants sparked an all-out conflict with the neighboring
Indians in VA. The struggle began with an assault led by Opechancanough, Powhatan’s younger brother and successor. In
1607, Opechanough had attacked some of the first English invaders; subsequently, he “stood aloof” from the English
settlers and “would not be drawn to any Treaty.” In particular, he resisted English proposals to place Indian children in
schools to be “brought upp in Christianytie.” Upon becoming the paramount chief in 1621, Opechanough told the leader
of the neighboring Potomack Indians: “Before the end of two moons, there should not be an Englishman in all their
Countries.”
Openchanough almost succeeded. In 1622, he coordinated a surprise attack by twelve Indian chiefdoms that killed
347 English settlers, nearly one-third of the population. The English fought back by seizing the fields and food of those
they now called “naked, tanned, deformed, Savages” and declared “a perpetual war without peace or truce” that lasted for
a decade. They sold captured warriors into slavery, “destroy[ing] them who sought to destroy us” and taking control of
“their cultivated places.” Shocked by the Indian uprising, James I revoked the Virginia Company’s charter and in 1624,
made Virginia a royal colony.
Review Table: Early Colonial British Settlements
Colony
Date Est. Sponsor
Founder/Governor
Major Religion
Virginia
1607
Virginia Company
John Smith
Anglican
Plymouth
1620
English Investors
William Bradford
Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists)
Massachusetts 1630
Massachusetts Bay Company
John Winthrop
Puritan/Congregationalists
Maryland
1632
Proprietary Colony
Cecilius Calvert
Protestant and Catholic
Rhode Island 1636
Royal Charter
Roger Williams
Haven for all religions
Connecticut
1636
Royal Charter
Thomas Hooker
Puritan/Congregationalists
Timeline
Key Turning Points: The Chesapeake
1603-1625
Reign of James I, King of England
tobacco boom (1620 - 1660),
1607
English traders settle Jamestown (Virginia)
Opechancanough’s uprising (1622) , and
1608
Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec
the takeover of Virginia by the crown
1609
Henry Hudson explores North America for the Dutch
(1624).
1614
Dutch set up fur-trading post at Fort Orange (Albany)
1619
*First Africans arrive in Chesapeake region
Powhatan, Indian Leader
*House of Burgesses convenes in Virginia
-Leader of a confederacy of Algonquian
1620
Pilgrims found Plymouth Colony
tribes.
1620-1660
Chesapeake colonies enjoy tobacco boom
-Besieged Jamestown when colonists began
1621
Dutch West India Company chartered
stealing corn.
1622
Opechancanough’s uprising
-Instructed in English manners and religion
1624
Virginia becomes a royal colony
by John Rolfe.
1625-1649
Reign of Charles I, king of England
-Father of Pocahontas
1630
Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony
1634
Colonists arrive in Maryland
1636
*Beginning of Puritan-Pequot War
John Smith and Opechancanough: The
*Roger Williams founds Providence, RI
powerful Indian warrior Opechancanough
1637
Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts Bay
towers over English explorer John Smith in
1640s
Iroquois initiate wars over fur trade
this engraving. In December 1607, Smith
1642-1659
Puritan Revolution in England
led a party of Jamestown colonists upriver
1660
*Restoration of the English monarchy
in search of Indian food supplies. Two
*Tobacco prices fall and remain low
hundred warriors intercepted them,
captured Smith, and took him to the
1664
English conquer New Netherland
Powhatan village of Werowacomoco. It was
1675
Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia
on this occasion that Pocahontas
1675-1676
Metacom’s War in New England
supposedly interceded to save his life.
1692
Salem witchcraft trials
“As one small candle
may light a thousand,
so the light here
kindled hath shone to
many, yea in some
sort our whole
nation.”
-William Bradford,
Governor of Plymouth
Plantation/Colony