Module 11 - Thermal Engineering Module
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 2111
Engineering Thermodynamics - I
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce to the students the basic concepts and laws of
thermodynamics.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :






This is an introductory course in thermodynamics that
provides a solid background for further study in the thermofluids area.
Apply the laws of thermodynamics to solve problems and
define the terminologies in thermodynamics.
Analyse the thermodynamics properties of pure substances
from tables and apply them in solving problems involving
closed and open systems.
Define work, heat and internal energy. Formulate work
expressions for various thermodynamic processes and solve
problems.
Calculate efficiencies of heat engines and refrigerators.
Investigate and apply the concepts of reversibility and
entropy.
Competences (Learning Outcomes)




Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering(70%)
Capability to communicate effectively(10%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach(10%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(10%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Fundamental Concepts
Open and closed systems. Processes and cycles. Thermodynamic
equilibrium. Properties and state of a substance. Energy.
Temperature. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
 Properties of a Pure Substance
Phase equilibrium. Independent properties. Equation of state. Table
of thermodynamic properties. Thermodynamic surfaces.
 Work and Heat
Definition of work. Definition of heat. Modes of heat transfer.
 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Statement of the law for a cycle and a process. Mechanical
equivalent of heat. Principle of conservation of energy. Internal
energy. Enthalpy. Application to closed and open systems.
 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat engines and refrigerators. Cycle efficiency. Kelvin-Planck
statement. Clausius statement. Reversibility and irreversibility.
Carnot cycle. Thermodynamic temperature scale.
 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Clausius' inequality. Entropy of a pure substance. Entropy change
and generation. Principle of the increase of entropy. Applications to
open systems.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Math 1032
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Edition by
Moran & Shapiro.
1. F.W.Sears and G.L.Salinger, Thermodynamics, Kinetic
Theory And Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi.
2. Wylen and Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical
Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
3. M.J.Moran and H.N.Shapiro, Fundamentals Of Engineering
Thermodynamics, John Wiley and Sons. Previous editions.
4. Zemansky, Engineering Thermodynamics, Mc Graw Hill.
5. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley
and sons.
6. R.E. Sonntag and C. Borgnakke, “Fundamentals of
Thermodynamics”, 7th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
7. W.Z. Black and J.G. Hartley, “Thermodynamics, English/SI
version”, 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall, 1996.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 2112
Engineering Thermodynamics - II
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce to the students basic concepts and practical
applications of thermodynamics
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :





Calculate the change in the internal energy, enthalpy,
entropy, etc. of a substance undergoing a change of state by
using the appropriate thermodynamic relations
Perform availability analysis on thermodynamic systems
Recite the basic concepts of non-reacting mixtures in general
and air-vapor mixtures in particular, and apply the principles
of psychrometry to the thermodynamic analyses of cooling
towers and air-conditioning systems
Understand the basic concepts of combustion, and apply the
first and second laws of thermodynamics to chemically
reacting systems
Analyze vapor and gas power cycles, and recite the basic
concepts of internal combustion engines and gas turbines
and refrigeration cycles
Competences (Learning Outcomes)







Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering.(45%)
Capability to communicate effectively.(5%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialized areas of
engineering discipline.(25%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a system approach.(10%)
Understanding of the importance of sustainability and costeffectiveness in design and development of engineering
solutions.(5%)
Understanding and commitment to professional and ethical
responsibilities.(5%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team.(5%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Thermodynamic Relations
Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Maxwell relations. Relations
involving internal energy. Enthalpy and entropy. Specific heats.
Expansivity and compressibility. Construction of tables of
thermodynamic properties. Equations of state for real gases.
Generalized charts for enthalpy and entropy. Third law of
thermodynamics.
 Availability Analysis
Irreversibility and reversible work. Availability and second-law
efficiency. Exergy balance equation.
 Non-reacting Mixtures
Mixture of ideal gases. Mixing of ideal gases. Mixture of gas and
vapour. Thermodynamic properties. Psychrometry. Cooling towers.
Air-conditioning.
 Reacting Mixtures
Air and fuels. Reaction equation. Theoretical and excess air.
Enthalpy of formation. Enthalpy and internal energy of combustion.
Heat of reaction. Adiabatic flame temperature. Applications of first
and second laws.
 Power Cycles
Vapour power cycles: The Rankine cycles. Effect of pressure and
temperature on Rankine cycle. Rankine cycle with superheat, reheat
and regeneration. Deviation of actual cycles from ideal cycles.
Cogeneration. Back pressure and extraction turbines.Gas power
cycles: Otto and Diesel engine cycles. Applications to internal
combustion engines. Brayton cycle. Simple gas turbine cycle. Gas
turbine power cycles with multistaging, intercooling, reheating and
regeneration.
 Refrigeration
Vapour compression refrigeration cycle. P-H and T-S diagrams.
Properties of common refrigerants. Vacuum refrigeration. Ideal and
actual refrigeration cycles.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 2111
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Edition by
Moran & Shapiro.
1. F.W.Sears and G.L.Salinger, Thermodynamics, Kinetic
Theory And Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi.
2. Wylen and Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical
Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
3. M.J.Moran and H.N.Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering
Thermodynamics, John Wiley and Sons. Previous editions.
4. Zemansky, Engineering Thermodynamics, Mc Graw Hill.
5. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley
and sons.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 3113
Heat and Mass Transfer
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce the students to the basics of heat and mass transfer and
the solutions to thermal problems.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
 Analyse and solve steady state heat conduction problems.
(cognitive - analysing, level 4)
 Analyse and solve transient conductive heat transfer problems
using different methods and available charts. (cognitive - analysing,
level 4)
 Analyse the modes of convective heat transfer and determine the
convection heat transfer coefficients by means of dimensionless
parameters, e.g., Nusselt, Reynolds, Prandtl, Grashof etc. (cognitive
- analysing, level 4)
 Determine the radiation shape factor and analyse net heat transfer
between radiating bodies. (cognitive - analysing, level 4)
 Apply combined modes of heat transfer in applications e.g. heat
exchanger and fins. (cognitive - applying, level 3)
Competences (Learning Outcomes)
 ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of science and
engineering(60%)
 Capability to communicate effectively(10%)
 Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(10%)
 Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach(10%)
 Ability to work independently as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(10%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Modes of Heat Transfer
Fourier's law. Newton's law. Stefan-Boltzmann law.
 Conduction
Steady one-dimensional heat flow through composite sections.
Insulation. One-dimensional conduction with heat source. Twodimensional conduction. Transient heat conduction.
 Convection
Energy equation in flow systems. Flow over external surfaces.
Application of laminar and turbulent boundary layer theory. Flow in
pipes. Free convective heat transfer.
 Radiation
Black body and gray body. Kirchoff's identity. Emmisivity. Shape
factors. Radiosity and irradiation. Diffused and specula surfaces.
Network analysis. Gas radiation.
 Combined Modes of Heat Transfer
Heat flow through a cooling fin. Fin efficiency. Heat exchanger.
Mass Transfer: Basic definitions; Fick’s law of diffusion; Species
conservation equation; Solution of one dimensional mass transfer
problem.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 2112, Math 2033
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%




F.P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, T.L. Bergman and A.S.
Lavine, “Introduction to Heat Transfer”, Asia Student
Edition, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007. (Textbook)
Y.A.Cengel, "Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach", 3rd
Edition, McGraw Hill, 2007.
J.P. Holman, "Heat Transfer", 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill,
2002.
F.P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, T.L. Bergman and A.S.
Lavine, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, 6th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4116
Internal Combustion Engine and Reciprocating machines
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
It provides students with main concepts of the internal combustion
engine and, improves the students’ ability to comprehend new
development in the field.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
 Analyse effects of operating parameters of engines on engine
efficiency, brake power and volumetric efficiency. (Cognitive analysing, level 4)
 Confirm that two-stroke engine should be banned due to the high
pollution. (Cognitive - understanding, level 2)
 Build a basic mathematical model to simulate the engine
parameters. (Cognitive - applying, level 3)
 Evaluate the main parameters on carburettor and injector.
(Cognitive - applying, level 3)
 Investigate the effect of air fuel ratio on emission and engine
power. (Cognitive - applying, level 3)
Competences (Learning Outcomes)






Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering(50%)
Capability to communicate effectively(10%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(10%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach(10%)
Ability to conduct investigation and research on engineering
problems in a chosen field of study(10%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(10%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Introduction
Early history, engine classification, terminology and abbreviations,
engine components and basic engine.
 Operating Characteristics
Engine parameters, work, mean effective pressure, torque and
power, air fuel ratio and fuel-air ration, specific fuel consumption,
engine efficiency, volumetric efficiency.
 Engine Cycles
Air-standard cycles, Otto cycle, real air-fuel cycle, SI engine cycle
at part throttle, exhaust process, diesel cycle, dual cycle, comparison
between SI and DI, two-stroke cycle and Stirling cycle.
 Thermochemistry and Fuel
Thermochemistry, hydrocarbon fuels---gasoline, some common
hydrocarbon components, self-Ignition and octane number, diesel
fuel and alternate fuel.
 Combustion
Combustion in SI engine, combustion in divided chamber engine,
engine operating characteristics, modern fast combustion chamber,
and combustion in CI engines.
 Air Fuel Induction
Intake manifold, volumetric efficiency of SI engine, intake valves,
fuel injection, carburetor, supercharging and turbocharging, intake
for CI engines.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 3113, MEng 3053
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%


MEng 4117 Thermal
Willard W. Pulkrabek, “Engineering fundamentals of the
internal combustion engine”, 2nd addition, Prentice hall,
2004. (Textbook)
John B. Heywood, “Internal combustion engine
fundamentals”, McGraw-Hill, 1988.
Engineering laboratory:
Study of heat transfer in a lagged pipe and determination of thermal conductivity. Study of
conductivity of solid and liquid, Determination of emissivity of a plate, Study of heat transfer from a
pin fin and determination of fin effectiveness and efficiency, Determination of forced convection
heat transfer coefficient in a pipe, Study of heat transfer in a counterflow and parallel flow heat
exchanger and determination of heat exchanger effectiveness, Study of heat transfer in a cooling
tower, study of boiling heat transfer, evaporator performance. refrigerator performance.
Determination of mass transfer coefficient.
Study of IC engines, Performance test on CI engines, performance test on SI engine, performance
test on refrigeration unit, performance test on air compressor, study of boiler, performance test on
boilers and turbines.
Module 12 Fluids and Turbo Machinery Module
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 2121
Fluid Mechanics - I
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce the students to the basics of fluid mechanics.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :





Solve problems related to the fundamental principles of fluid
mechanics.
Analyse a control volume by developing fundamental
principles such as the linear momentum equation and energy
equation in the treatment of the control volume.
Compare fundamental Reynolds Number and fluid flow
behaviour observation in pipe flow.
Apply Buckingham ? theorem to determine a suitable set of
dimensionless parameters.
Solve turbomachinery problems from the staindpoint of fluid
mechanics.
Competences (Learning Outcomes)





Course
Description/Course
Contents
Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering(60%)
Capability to communicate effectively(5%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(10%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach(20%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(5%)
 Mechanics of Nonflowing Fluids
Fluid properties. Pascal’s law. Pressure variation. Manometry and
pressure measurements. Force on surfaces, submerged bodies.
 Flow Analysis
Fluid flow. Continuity equation. Bernoulli's equation. Linear
momentum equation. Energy equation.
 Pipe Flow
Laminar and turbulent flows. Friction factor. Darcy formula. Moody
diagram. Pipe losses. Flow in pipe networks.
 Similarity and Dimensional Analysis
Concepts of similarity between model and prototype. Use of
dimensionless numbers Bukingham pi- theorem and application.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Math 2033
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Textbook
Literature
F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Company, 1999.
1. Roberson and Crowe, Engineering Fluid Mechanics,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
Fox and McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics,
John Wiley & Sons, 1998
D. J. Anderson, Jr., Fundamentals of Aerodynamics,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1991.
Keuthe and Chow, Foundations of Aerodynamics, John
Wiley & Sons, 1976
Bertin and Smith, Aerodynamics for Engineers, Prentice
Hall, Inc., 1979.
M. A. Saad, Compressible Fluid Flow, 2nd Edition,
Prentice-Hall, 1993.
M. H. Aksel and O. C. Eralp, Gas Dynamics, PrenticeHall, 1993.
J. E. A. John, Gas Dynamics, 2nd Edition, Allyn &
Bacon, Inc., 1984.
B. K. Hodge and K. Koenig, Compressible Fluid
Dynamics, Prentice-Hall, 1995.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 2122
Fluid Mechanics - II
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To provide students with the understanding of the theories and
applications of fluid mechanics
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :



Test and analyze lab experiment results on pump
characteristics and jet flow/impact.
Identify different flow regimes (such as inviscid versus
viscous flows, laminar versus turbulent flows,
incompressible versus compressible flows, and steady versus
transient flows) and utilize the associated concepts and tools
to analyze and solve engineering fluid-mechanical problems.
List the basic principles of fluid mechanics
Competences (Learning Outcomes)
 Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of science
and engineering.(50%)
 Capability to communicate effectively.(5%)
 Acquisition of technical competence in specialized areas of
engineering discipline.(20%)
 Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach.(20%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods

Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team.(5%)
 Basic Kinematics and Dynamics
Continuity equation. Stream function. Relative motion, rotation,
deformation. Vorticity and circulation. Stress tensor. Cauchy’s
equations of motion.
 Potential Flow
Euler's equations. Bernoulli’s equation. Velocity potential. Sources,
sinks, doublets, vortices. Superposition. Kutta-Zhukovsky theorem.
 Laminar Viscous Flow
Navier-Stokes' equation, non-dimensionalization, some exact
solutions. High and low Reynolds number flow. Laminar boundary
layer. Blasius solution, von Karman integral equation. Lift and drag.
Flow separation. Transition to turbulent flow.
 Turbulent Flow
Nature of turbulence. Spatial and temporal scales of turbulence.
Time-averaging of equations, Reynolds stress, Mixing length
theories. Universal velocity profile. Turbulent boundary layer.
 Compressible Flow
Speed of sound, Mach number, Mach cone. Normal shock waves,
Rankine-Hugoniot relations. One-dimensional isentropic flows,
stagnation properties, converging-diverging nozzles. Fanno and
Rayleigh flows.
 Unsteady Flow
Unsteady flow in pipes. Water hammer and surge control.
MEng 2121
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Company, 1999.
1. Roberson and Crowe, Engineering Fluid Mechanics,
John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. Fox and McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics,
John Wiley & Sons, 1998
3. D. J. Anderson, Jr., Fundamentals of Aerodynamics,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1991.
4. Keuthe and Chow, Foundations of Aerodynamics, John
Wiley & Sons, 1976
5. Bertin and Smith, Aerodynamics for Engineers, Prentice
Hall, Inc., 1979.
6. M. A. Saad, Compressible Fluid Flow, 2nd Edition,
Prentice-Hall, 1993.
7. M. H. Aksel and O. C. Eralp, Gas Dynamics, Prentice-
Hall, 1993.
8. J. E. A. John, Gas Dynamics, 2nd Edition, Allyn &
Bacon, Inc., 1984.
9. B. K. Hodge and K. Koenig, Compressible Fluid
Dynamics, Prentice-Hall, 1995.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 3123
Fluid Power Systems
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To provide students with the knowledge of fluid power
components and circuits related to industrial applications.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
 Analyze fundamental problems by applying the basic principles
of fluid power
 Identify basic components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems
 Analyze and design hydraulic circuits
 Analyze and design pneumatic circuits
 Explicate the operation and maintenance of hydraulic and
pneumatic systems
Competences (Learning Outcomes)





Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering(30%)
Capability to communicate effectively(5%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(30%)
Understanding of the importance of sustainability and costeffectiveness in design and development of engineering
solutions(30%)
Ability to work independently as well as with others in a
team(5%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Introduction to Fluid Power
Definition; hydraulics versus pneumatics. Applications. Advantages
and disadvantages. Basic circuit and components: hydraulic and
pneumatic systems. Pascal’s law; hydraulic jack.
 Hydraulic System Components
Pumps: classification, performance, and selection. Cylinders:
linkages, loadings, operating principles, cushioning devices. Motors:
basic features, types and performance. Conductors: types,
connectors and fittings, flow-rate and pressure sizing. Pressure and
flow control valves. Ancillary devices: reservoirs, accumulators,
pressure intensifiers, sealing devices, heat exchangers, pressure
gages and flow meters.
 Hydraulic Circuits
Design and operational guidelines: safety, performance, efficiency,
cost. Analysis: linear circuits, regenerative circuits, accumulator
circuits, hydrostatic transmission systems.
 Pneumatic System Components
Air compressors: types, rating and sizing. Conditioners: filters,
pressure indicators and regulators, lubricators, aftercoolers and air
dryers. Air control valves: purpose, types and sizing. Pneumatic
actuators: types and air requirements.
 Pneumatic Circuits
Design and operational guidelines: safety, performance, efficiency,
cost. Analysis: basic pneumatic circuits, pneumatic vacuum
systems, accumulator systems.
 Operation and Maintenance
Common causes of system breakdown. Fluid types and properties:
fire-resistant fluids, foam-resistant fluids, petroleum-based fluids;
fluid lubricating ability, fluid neutralization number. Degradation of
hydraulic fluids: oxidation and corrosion, contamination by solid
particles, entrained and dissolved air. Maintenance and disposal of
fluids. Strainers and filters. Maintenance and troubleshooting of
hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 2121, MEng 2082
Compulsory
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination


Mid-term examination (25%)
Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%


MEng 5125 Fluid
A. Esposito, “Fluid Power with Applications”, 7th Edition,
Prentice Hall, 2009 (Textbook)
A.H. Hehn, “Fluid Power Troubleshooting”, 2nd Edition,
Revised and Expanded, Dekker, 1995
and Turbo machinery Laboratory:
Fluid mechanics: Study of different methods for measurement of pressure, velocity and discharge
including calibration of selected measuring instruments; study of flow visualization technique, Study
of characteristics of laminar & turbulent flow; Verification of Stroke law; Determination of losses
through pipes and fittings, Venturimeter, Orificemeter, submerged axy. symmetry jet.
Study and performance test of Centrifugal Pump, Blower, Jet Pump etc. Study of cavitation, Study of
oil-hydraulic system including the characteristics of fluid power components such as pressure control
valve, flow control valve etc. Study of characteristics of fluid control circuit using pneumatic servosystem etc. Performance test of Pelton turbine, Francis turbine, Gear pump, pumps in services &
parallel.
Module 23 – Thermo - fluid Engineering Focus Area Module
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4231
Computational Heat Transfer
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce the basic concept of scientific computation and
application of numerical techniques in solving heat transfer
problems.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
 Apply the matrix algebra techniques to solve linear and non-linear
equations
 Solve the initial and boundary value problems in ODE
 Solve partial differential equations using finite difference method
 Analyse engineering problems using commercial software
Competences (Learning Outcomes)
 Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of science
and engineering (50%)
 Acquisition of technical competence in specialized areas of
engineering discipline (20%)
 Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a system approach (20%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
 Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team. (10%)
 Introduction
Review of differential equations in engineering problem.
Nondimensional form of the governing equations. Initial and
boundary conditions. Introduction to software packages in solving
mechanical engineering problems.
 Techniques in Matrix Algebra
Norms of vectors and matrices. Review of Gaussian elimination,
Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods. Successive over-relaxation
method. Newton’s method for nonlinear equations. Quasi-Newton
methods. Steepest descent method.
 Initial-Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations
Review of Taylor and Runge-Kutta methods. Predictor-corrector
methods. Stiff differential equations. Higher order ODEs. System of
first order ODEs.
 Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Differential
Equations
Linear and nonlinear shooting methods. Finite difference
approximation using Taylor series and polynomials. Linear and
nonlinear finite difference methods.
 Partial Differential Equations
Classification of partial differential equations. Initial and boundary
conditions. Discretization of domain and grid generation. Finitedifference methods for elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic problems.
Introduction to the finite-element method.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Module 11 and 12
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
 Anderson, J.D., “Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Basics
with Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 1995.





Burden, R. and Faires, J.D., “Numerical Analysis”, 8th
edition, International Thomson Publishing, 2005.
Majumdar, P., “Computational Methods for Heat and Mass
Transfer”, Taylor & Francis, 2005.
Anderson, J.D., “Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Basic
with Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
Chapra, S.C., Canale, R.P., “Numerical Methods for
Engineers”, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Kreyszig, E., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th
edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4232
Computational Fluid Dynamics
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
Fluid Mechanics - II
3
Course Objectives
To introduce the fundamentals and general perspective of
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the students.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :




apply the general finite difference method to CFD equations
analyse non-linear CFD equations
analyse incompressible flow
analyse inviscid compressible flow
Competences (Learning Outcomes)




Course
Description/Course
Contents




Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering. (50%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline. (20%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach (20%)
Ability to conduct investigation and research on engineering
problems in a chosen field of study. (10%)
Introduction
o Basic philosophy of Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD).
o Some actual examples of using CFD in industry.
o Classification of partial differential equations.
o Mathematical behaviour of elliptic, parabolic and
hyperbolic equations and the corresponding physical
behaviour of the flow field.
o Review of the governing equations of fluid
dynamics.
o Conservation form and nonconservation form of the
governing equations.
o Nondimensional form of the governing equations.
o Boundary and initial conditions.
General Finite Difference Method
o Finite difference approximation of first, second and
mixed partial derivatives.
o Stability, consistency, convergence and Lax
equivalence theorem.
o Elliptic equations with direct and iterative solutions.
o Parabolic equations with explicit and implicit
schemes.
o Hyperbolic equations with explicit and implicit
schemes.
o Numerical dissipation, dispersion and artificial
viscosity.
Discretization of Fluid Flow Domain
o Transformation of the governing partial differential
equations.
o Metrics and Jacobians of transformation.
o Grid generation using algebraic grid generation
technique and elliptic grid generation technique.
Burgers Equations
o Nonlinear viscous Burgers equation and its relation
to Navier-Stokes Equation.
o Nondimensional form of viscous Burgers equation.
o
o

Linearization of Burgers equation.
Solution of Burgers equation using CFD techniques
Numerical Solution of Incompressible Flow
o Implicit Crank-Nicolson method.
o Thomas Algorithm.
o Pressure correction method.
o Numerical solution of Couette flow and flow over a
flat plate.
o Comparison of the numerical solution with the exact
analytical solution.
Numerical Solution of Inviscid Compressible Flow
o
o
o
o
o
o
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Shock tube problem.
Quasi-linear form of the one-dimensional Euler
equations.
Homogeneous property of the first-order hyperbolic
system.
Diagonalisation of the flux Jacobian matrix.
Shock capturing using flux vector splitting technique.
Comparison of the numerical solution with the exact
analytical solution.
Module 11 and 12
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
 Anderson, J.D., “Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Basics
with Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Literature




Anderson, J.D., “Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Basics
with Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
D. Anderson, J. Tannehill, and R. Pletcher, “Computational
Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer”, 2nd Edition, McGrawHill, 1997.
Ferziger, J.H. and Peric, M., “Computational Methods For
Fluid Dynamics”, Springer-Verlag, 3rd Edition, 2001.
Chattot, J.J., “C`omputational Aerodynamics and Fluid
Dynamics: An Introduction” , Springer-Verlag, 2002.
P.J. Roache, "Computational Fluid Dynamics",
Albuquerque, N.M., Hermosa publishers, 1999.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
MEng 4234
Thermo – Fluid Equipment Design Project
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
Acquired


To expose students to the techniques and skills involved
project planning, design, implementation and management.
To enable students to acquire hands-on experience in fields
related to their major of study so that they are able to relate
and reinforce what has been taught in the class.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :





Enhance problem solving skill.
expand capability in working independently.
conduct project planning, design, implementation and
management.
identify system implementation constraints and work within
constraints.
prepare and write a scientific/technical report to disseminate
results and findings of the project.
Competences (Learning Outcomes)









 Capability to communicate effectively(10%)
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(15%)
Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach(15%)
Ability to conduct investigation and research on engineering
problems in a chosen field of study(20%)
Understanding of the importance of sustainability and costeffectiveness in design and development of engineering
solutions(15%)
Understanding and commitment to professional and ethical
responsibilities(5%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(10%)
Ability to be a multi-skilled engineer with good technical
knowledge, management, leadership and entrepreneurship
skills(5%)
Awareness of the social, cultural, global and environmental
responsibilities as an engineer(5%)
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Each student shall be required to undertake a project which is of
academic value for a period of 1semester. The project involves
problem solving using engineering theories and techniques, and the
implementation of the project design. The student is expected to
design a possible solution to the problem, taking into account
various aspects such as professionalism, economy, costing and
engineering viability.
At the end of the PART 1, the student is to present his/her progress
at a seminar. At the end of the project, it is expected that the student
submits a proper written report and to present his/her work at a
seminar.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
MEng 4231, MEng 4232
Focus Area Course
Assessment:
Part 1


Presentation - Supervisor, Moderator (15%)
General effort – Supervisor (10%)
Part 2



Presentation - Supervisor, Moderator (15%)
General effort – Supervisor (10%)
Final Report - Supervisor, Moderator (50%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
Textbook
Literature


Laboratory Practice 100%
Surprising quiz 100%

Reference materials relevant to the individual project to be
collected by the student from various journals, proceedings,
net etc., and guidance for such will be provided by the
project supervisor.
Access to the lab facilities shall be provided according to the
needs and suitability of the projects

Module 24 – Renewable Energy Technology focus area Module
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4241
Renewable Energy Technology - I
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To inform the students about conventional and alternative energy
technologies, with emphasis on their impacts the environment.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :



identify suitable alternative energy sources under different
situations.
discuss their opinions on issues related to environment and
energy crisis either orally or in writing.
investigate independent research on issues related to
alternative energy and be able to assess suitability of their
applications critically.
Competences (Learning Outcomes)


Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of
science and engineering(50%)
Capability to communicate effectively(5%)






Course
Description/Course
Contents
Acquisition of technical competence in specialised areas of
engineering discipline(5%)
Understanding of the importance of sustainability and costeffectiveness in design and development of engineering
solutions(5%)
Understanding and commitment to professional and ethical
responsibilities(10%)
Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a
member/leader in a team(10%)
Ability to be a multi-skilled engineer with good technical
knowledge, management, leadership and entrepreneurship
skills(10%)
Capability and enthusiasm for self-improvement through
continuous professional development and life-long
learning(5%)
Survey of different sources of energy and their utilization
 Energy Scenario
World energy demand. Past, present and future demands.
Conventional and alternative energy sources. Sustainable energies.
Future technologies.
 Fossil Fuel Energy Technology
Conventional technologies based on fossil fuels. Oil and gas. Steam
and gas turbines as prime movers. Effects on the environment.
 Solar Technology
Solar collectors and solar cells. Solar radiation.
 Wind Power Technology
Wind velocities. Variability in wind power. Conversion of energy.
 Other Energy Sources
Tidal wave energy. Geothermal energy technology. Bio-mass
energy. Atmospheric electricity. Salinity differences.
 Nuclear Energy Technology
Nuclear fuel resources. Atomic and nuclear physics. Radiation
effects. Nuclear energy. Environmental effects. Safety issues.
Energy from Biodegradable Materials - Survey of bio-degradable
materials, Methods of processing the materials with special reference to
gobar gas plant.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Module 11
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%






J.A. Fay, D.S. Golomb, Energy and the Environment”
Oxford Univ. Press, 2002. (Textbook)
B. Sorensen, "Renewable Energy", Academic Press, 1979.
J. R. Lamarsh, "Introduction to Nuclear Engineering",
Addison-Wesley, 1983.
M. Kutz, Environmentally Conscious Alternative Energy
Production, Wiley, 2007
M. Kutz, A. Alkamel, Environmentally Conscious Fossil
Energy Production, Wiley, 2010
M. Kaltschmitt, et al., Renewable Energy: Technology,
Environment, and Economics, Springer, 2007
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4242
Renewable Energy Technology - II
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To teach students a basic understanding of the principle of batteries
and to provide the opportunity to apply these laws to real battery
applications.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
1. Identify the electrodes, electrolytes, temperature range and
operation of different types of batteries.
2. Analyze the efficiency and open circuit voltages of a battery
and a capacitor/supercapacitor
3. Identify the battery over-potential: activation, ohmic, and
concentration losses and apply the Nernst/Butler Vollmer
equation
4. Apply battery equations to compute the energy and power
outputs, and heat generated in a battery cell
5. Analyze cooling problems as applied to battery systems
6. Demonstrate the systematic approach in design energy
storage system including retention, cooling, and
management
7. Develop an in-depth understanding of safety and regulatory
issues regarding transportation, storage and onboard
transportation of battery devices in passenger vehicles and
mass transportation systems.
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Topics
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 4241
1. Battery principles
1. Introduction battery—battery types, basic principles
2. Electrochemical reaction thermodynamics
3. Battery reaction kinetics
4. Charge transfer in batteries
5. Mass transport in batteries
6. Battery modeling
7. Battery characterization
2. Battery engineering
1. Overview of battery types
2. Lead acid battery systems
3. Nickel-Cadmium battery systems
4. Zinc battery systems
5. Ni-MH battery systems
6. Li-metal battery systems
7. Li-Ion battery systems
8. Li-polymer battery systems
9. Battery safety
3. Special topics
1. Capacitor and super capacitor
2. Fuel cells and fuel cell application for electric
vehicles
3. Energy storage systems for electric vehicles(design
criteria, retention, cooling and management)
4. Battery management system
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Energy Storage, Robert A. Huggins, 1st Edition. ISBN-10:
1441910239
Batteries for Electric Vehicles, D.A.J. Rand, 1st Edition. ISBN-10:
0863802052
Literature
Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, James Larminie / John
Lowry, 1st Edition. ISBN-10: 0470851635
 J.A. Fay, D.S. Golomb, Energy and the Environment”
Oxford Univ. Press, 2002. (Textbook)
 B. Sorensen, "Renewable Energy", Academic Press, 1979.
 J. R. Lamarsh, "Introduction to Nuclear Engineering",
Addison-Wesley, 1983.
 M. Kutz, Environmentally Conscious Alternative Energy
Production, Wiley, 2007
 M. Kutz, A. Alkamel, Environmentally Conscious Fossil
Energy Production, Wiley, 2010
 M. Kaltschmitt, et al., Renewable Energy: Technology,
Environment, and Economics, Springer, 2007
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4243
Renewable energy system integration
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
The goals of this course are for students to understand the principles
and quantitative frameworks of the various energy conversion and
storage devices and to be able to design and analyze energy
conversion and storage technology systems including solar cells,
wind/water turbines, and chemical/electrochemical conversion
devices.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
1. Discuss theoretical considerations of renewable energy
sources that include solar energy, kinetic energy (wind and
tidal), and chemical energy (nuclear, biomass, and other
chemicals).
2. Discuss the thermodynamic aspects of energy transfer
through the energy conversion device by using the first and
second laws of thermodynamics.
3. Understand the basic principles of the energy conversion
device for renewable energy sources that mainly cover solar,
kinetic, and chemical energies.
4. Identify the basic design components and their functions for
the selected energy conversion device
5. Use energy conversion principles and basic design
components to understand the current energy conversion
devices and evaluate their conversion efficiency.
6. Identify ways to store renewable energy sources and
understand the basic principles of the energy storage system.
7.
Use energy storage principles to perform basic system
design and component selection for the selected energy
storage device.
8. Discuss practical considerations for energy conversion and
storage devices and their respective current challenges and
future directions.
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Topics
1. Renewable Energy Sources on Earth
a)
Solar
b)
Kinetic (wind and wave)
c)
Chemical (nuclear, hydrogen, and others)
d)
Others
2. Review of Thermodynamics
3. Design Aspects for Energy Conversion Devices
a)




b)




c)




Solar to Electric
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs
Design challenges and future direction
Kinetic to Electric
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs
Design challenges and future direction
Chemicals to Electric
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs
Design challenges and future direction
4. Design Aspect for Energy Storage Devices
a)



Electrochemical energy storage
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs

b)




c)




Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Design challenges and future direction
Kinetic energy storage
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs
Design challenges and future direction
Thermo-mechanical energy storage
Fundamentals
Design components
Current designs
Design challenges and future direction
MEng 4241, MEng 4242,
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Textbooks
Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications, I. Dincer, C.
Zamfirescu, Springer, 2011.
 J.A. Fay, D.S. Golomb, Energy and the Environment”
Oxford Univ. Press, 2002. (Textbook)
 B. Sorensen, "Renewable Energy", Academic Press, 1979.
 J. R. Lamarsh, "Introduction to Nuclear Engineering",
Addison-Wesley, 1983.
 M. Kutz, Environmentally Conscious Alternative Energy
Production, Wiley, 2007
 M. Kutz, A. Alkamel, Environmentally Conscious Fossil
Energy Production, Wiley, 2010
 M. Kaltschmitt, et al., Renewable Energy: Technology,
Environment, and Economics, Springer, 2007
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4244
Renewable Energy Technology Design project
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives


To expose students to the techniques and skills involved
project planning, design, implementation and management.
To enable students to acquire hands-on experience in fields
related to their major of study so that they are able to relate
and reinforce what has been taught in the class.
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Clearly identify the problem investigated
Demonstrate creativity
Demonstrate the use of a sound methodology
Use sound engineering principles
Demonstrate completeness of project
Demonstrate effectiveness in writing
Demonstrate effectiveness in presenting orally
Each student shall be required to undertake a project which is of
academic value for a period of 1 semester. The project involves
problem solving using engineering theories and techniques, and the
implementation of the project design. The student is expected to
design a possible solution to the problem, taking into account
various aspects such as professionalism, economy, costing and
engineering viability.
At the end of the PART 1, the student is to present his/her progress
at a seminar. At the end of the project, it is expected that the student
submits a proper written report and to present his/her work at a
seminar.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
MEng 4241, MEng 4242, MEng 4243
Focus Area Course
Methods
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Part 1


Presentation - Supervisor, Moderator (15%)
General effort – Supervisor (10%)
Part 2



Presentation - Supervisor, Moderator (15%)
General effort – Supervisor (10%)
Final Report - Supervisor, Moderator (50%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%


Reference materials relevant to the individual project to be
collected by the student from various journals, proceedings,
net etc., and guidance for such will be provided by the
project supervisor.
Access to the lab facilities shall be provided according to the
needs and suitability of the projects
Module 28 – Sugar Industry Focus Area Module
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4281
Operations of Boilers, Steam power plant and Energy auditing
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Unit 1
General: Selection of site for a sugar factory – economics of factory
location, types of layout, land required for factory, requirement of
cane area, electricity & water requirement.
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To teach students a basic understanding of the principle and
operations of boiler and energy auditing in a sugar industry.
Milling: Capacity of cane handling equipments, feeder table, cane
carrier (width, length and drive), preparatory devices, crushing
capacity of mills, capacity enhancement by adding pressure feeders,
Zeroth mill & last mill. Capacity of juice transfer pumps, Power
required for preparatory devices, cane carriers and mills, mill drive
(electric & hydraulic).
Unit 2
Boiler and Electrical: Heating surface of boiler, rating of ID & FD fans,
capacity of feed water pumps. Capacity of boiler, turbines &
alternators for cogeneration, steam and power balance of factory.
Clarification: Raw juice and maceration pump capacities, capacity of
rotary screen, juice & water weighing scale. Juice heater – heating
surface, calculation of diameter of steam / vapour pipe, condensate
pipe, non-condensable gas outlet pipe. Capacity of sulphitation tanks,
sulphur furnace, air compressor, blower, lime slacker, milk of lime
pump, dorr clarifier, rotary vacuum filter & vacuum pump.
Unit 3
Evaporator: Calculation of heating surface of multiple effect
evaporator, calculation of specific evaporation coefficient (Dessin),
diameter of vapour inlet & outlet, capacity of condenser, injection and
spray pumps, mist cooling system, cooling water requirement,
condensate extraction pump, syrup sulphitation tank.
Unit 4
Pan, Crystalliser & Centrifugals: Capacity of supply tanks, capacity of
batch & continuous pans by massecuite % cane & solid balance
methods, S/V ratio, capacity of crystallisers, centrifugals, molasses
pumps, hopper, grader, sugar bins, auto-weighing system, final
molasses weighing scale & storage tanks, sugar godown.
Unit 5
Energy Conservation & Audit: Electric Conservation measures in
various stations of Sugar Plant – Mills/Diffuser, Condensation &
Cooling, Crystallisers, Pumping, Crystallisers & Centrifugals. Pinch
Technology for energy conservation – energy targets, design
guidelines, methods of application. Energy Audit – Definition &
Concept, types, methodology for conducting energy audit in sugar
industry.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
Module 11
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
1. Hand Book of Cane Sugar Engineering – E Hugot
2. Machinery and Equipments for Sugar Factories – L A Tromp
3. Capacity – G M Genekar
4. Sugar Machinery – A J Wallis Tayler
5. Energy Conservation and Cogeneration in Cane Sugar Manufacture
– D.P Kulkarni & R.K Sidreshmukh
6. Energy Conservation and Alternative Sources of Energy in Sugar
Factories and Distilleries – P.J Manohara Rao
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
MEng 4282
Fundamental principles and Maintenance of Sugar milling machineries
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To introduce the students with the fundamental principle in
manufacturing of sugar and maintenance of sugar milling
machinery.
Course
Description/Course
Contents
Unit 1: Milling
1.1 mill capacity
1.2 mill setting mill efficiency
1.3 different types of mill drive trash plate
1.4 setting
Unit 2:Automation at mills
2.1 auto cane feed control
2.2 Imbibition control
2.3 Central lubrication system
Unit 3:Hydraulic press
3.1 Different types of hydraulic loading specific loading
3.2 different types of pressure feeding mill speed imbibitions.
Unit 4 : Different types factor affecting milling capacity & efficiency
Bagassilo, blower capacity.
Unit 5) Pollution control equipments
a)Government norms for pollution
Unit 6)Co-generation of surplus power & its potential
Unit 7) Manufacturing of Raw Sugar
8.1) Clarification
8.2) Pan boiling
8.3) Centrifugation
Unit 8)Manufacturing of Refine Sugar
9.1) Types of refineries.
9.2) Mingling & affination.
9.3) Centrifugation.
9.4) Clarification of refine melt.
9.5) Evaporation & crystallization.
9.6) Specification of refine Sugar.
Unit 9) Manufacturing of Khandasari Sugar
10.1)Specification of Khandsari Sugar
10.2)Extraction & Clarification of Cane Juice
10.3)Open Pan Boiling System
10.4)Centrifugation Drying & Packing
Unit 10) Manufacturing of Gur
11.1)Extraction of Juice
11.2)Clarification of Gur
11.3)Concentration of Juice
11.4)Drying & grading of Gur
11.5)Storage of Gur
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 4281
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
Textbook
Literature
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Reference Books
1) Sakhar Nirmiti – By S.V. Karmarkar
2) Handbook of Cane Sugar Technology- By Jenkins G.H.
3) Cane Sugar Manufacture in India - By D.P. Kulkarni
4) Hand Book of Cane Sugar – By Meade & Chen
5) Hand Book of Cane Sugar – By R.B.L. Mathur.
6) Hand Book of Sugar Engineering – By H. Eugot.
7) System of technical control for sugar factory in India – By N.C. Verma.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mekelle University Faculty of Technology
Course Number
Course Title
Degree Program
Module
Module Coordinator
Lecturer
ECTS Credits
Contact Hours (per week)
Course Objectives &
Competences to be
Acquired
Course
Description/Course
Contents
MEng 4283
Introduction to Sugar Manufacturing
B. Eng. In Mechanical Engineering
Thermo-Fluid Engineering
3
Course Objectives
To teach students about the sugar manufacturing techniques and its
operation.
Extraction of Juice
Cane Preparatory Devices: Introduction, structure of cane, methods
of juice extraction, definition of technical terms, Sugarcane harvesting
– manual & mechanical, advantages & disadvantages, cane handling
equipments. Description of feeder table, cane carrier, kicker.
Preparatory devices – knives, shredder, fibrizer, preparatory index.
Cane carrier, donnely chute, pressure feeders.
Mills: Type, construction of mills, headstock, pinion, roller, power for
milling, crushing of cane in mills, imbibition- its importance, hydraulic
pressure system, grooving of roller, lotus rollers, trash plate, mill
drives (Electric & Hydraulic), auto setting mill, performance of mills,
primary & secondary extraction, calculation of mill settings, mill
sanitation.
Diffuser: Principle of diffusion, cane & bagasse diffusion, construction
& working of diffusers, comparison with milling, sugar beet diffusers.
Steam & Electricity Generation
Boiler: Fuels, characteristics of bagasse, characteristics of bagasse
combustion, formation of steam, types of steam. Construction of
water tube boilers, mountings & accessories, furnaces (Spreader
Stroker & Travelling Grate), Boiler operation – blow down, furnace
cleaning, Induced & forced draught. Description of Super heater,
Economiser, Air pre-heater, Electrostatic Precipitator, bagasse dryer.
Feed water specification and treatment (Internal & External), DM &
RO Plants, Boiler Instrumentation & Control.
Steam turbines: Classification – description & working of
extraction & condensing type turbines, specific steam
consumption.
Alternators: Generation of electricity, sugar factory requirements,
alternators – size, type, efficiency, 3 phase AC generation, power
transmission system.
Pre-requisites
Semester
Status of Course
Teaching & Learning
Methods
MEng 4281
Focus Area Course
 Lectures
 Tutorials on lectures,
 lab exercises:
 Project (writing papers of increasing difficulty, reading papers, giving
seminars)
 Field Visit
 Personal study and Assignments
Assessment/Evaluation &
Grading System
Assessment:
Written Examination
 Mid-term examination (25%)
 Final examination (50%)
Continues assessments
 Class activity (5%)
 Assignments (5%)
 Surprising quiz (5%)
Seminar presentation (5%)
Laboratory and flied visit report (5%)
Grading System:
The method of grading will be statistical based on three parameters such
as sample mean (μ), standard deviation (σ) and total mark obtained (μi).
Otherwise, the students will be evaluated on absolute grade scales. The
grading system includes the letter grades from A to F and the equations
used to grade a student statistically are
A+>μ+1.5* σ
μ+σ<A≤ μ+1.5*σ
μ+0.5*σ<B+≤ μ+σ
μ<B≤ μ+0.5*σ
μ-0.5*σ <C+≤ μ
μ- σ<C≤ μ-0.5*σ
μ-2*σ<D≤ μ-σ
F≤μ-2*σ
Attendance Requirements
The letter grades have upper and lower limits.
 Lecture attendance 80%
 Assignment Submission 100%
 Laboratory Practice 100%
 Surprising quiz 100%
Textbook
Literature
References:
1. Hand Book of Cane Sugar Engineering - E Hugot
2. Boiler Operator’s Guide – A L Kohan
3. Exposure to Boilers – G S Aglave
4. Boiler Operations- Murugai and Ramchandra
5. Modern Milling of Sugarcane – Francis Maxwell
6. Sugar Machinery – A J Wallis Tayler
7. The Efficient Use of Steam – Oliver Lyle
8. Machinery and Equipment – L A Tromp