17.5 Wilson’s New Freedom Objectives: 1. Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. 2. Explain the steps leading to women’s suffrage 3. Sum up the limits of Wilson’s Progressivism ELECTION OF 1912 Roosevelt loses Republican nomination Roosevelt seizes Progressive Republican League from La Follette and it becomes “Bull Moose” Party Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson Wilson’s “New Freedom” v.TR’s “Square Deal” (Wilson wanted to break up trusts, make govt. smaller) Wilson elected by significant margin, but still as a MINORITY president REAL WINNER: Progressivism Map: Presidential Election, 1912 Presidential Election, 1912 Though he won a minority of the popular votes, Woodrow Wilson captured so many states that he achieved an easy victory in the electoral college. Wilson and Taft Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Wilson and Taft Having just squared off in the 1912 election campaign, the two politicians share a light moment before Wilson's inauguration on March 4, 1913. (Library of Congress) Woodrow Wilson Only 2nd Democratic President since 1861 Idealistic (hard to compromise – a problem later) Reformer with popular appeal in era of party “machines” Governor of NJ Family ties with the South Academic President of Princeton WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” =To attack the triple wall of privilege: TRUSTS TARIFFS HIGH FINANCE WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA TRUST-BUSTING: Federal Trade Act, 1914 Federal Trade Commission Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 strengthen Sherman Anti-Trust Act WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA A NEW TAX SYSTEM ( = REDUCE TARIFFS=LESS FEDERAL INCOME) Underwood Tariff Bill (1913): 1st reduction since Civil War Sixteenth Amendment: Federal graduated income tax (starts at $4,000) WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA HIGH FINANCE: Federal Reserve Act creates Federal Reserve System. (Fed. Government could now quickly adjust the amount of money in circulation and make credit more available) 12 Regions with a federal reserve branch Could help local banks that ran into trouble WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” =To attack the triple wall of privilege: TRUSTS TARIFFS HIGH FINANCE Wilson said, “Without the watchful resolute interference of the government, there can be no fair play between individuals and the trust.” How does this statement reflect Wilson’s approach to reform? Support your answer. http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/faces/WomenVoters.jpg Woman Suffrage Suffragettes gather in Downtown Detroit to advocate participation in the League of Women Voters, c. 1920 Woman Suffrage In 1910 Women could vote CATT’s STRATEGY: in federal election only in WY, UT, CO, ID 1. Highly organized Suffragettes began organizing women of all classes Carrie Chapman Catt, national leader of NAWSA (National Amer.Woman Suffrage Assoc.) 2. Close ties b/w local, state, and natl. associations 3. Cautious lobbying 4. Lady-like behavior RESULT: Successes in WA, CA, KS, OR, and AZ Failure in MI, OH, and WI Election Day Election Day Critics of the woman-suffrage movement, including this cartoonist, believed that women's place was in the home, not in the public sphere. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. NEW TACTICS: National Woman’s Party Preceding the inauguration of Wilson there Mrs. Carrie C. Catt addressing the Congress of was a near riot as 5,000 women marched, the International Women's Suffrage. 5/29/1923. demanding the vote for women. The march was Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns http://www.cpl.org/suffrage/SUFFRAGE3.jpg Steadfast Effort Women’s continuous lobbying, and the combined strategies of Catt and Paul, as well as women’s contributions to WWI, finally pay off. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume3/chapter16/images/321-c.jpg https://www.hosenose.com/ssl/goingpostal/search_results.asp?txtsearchParamTxt=landarmy2&txtsearchParamCat=5 4&txtsearchParamType=ALL&iLevel=1&txtsearchParamMan=ALL&txtsearchParamVen=ALL&txtFromSearch= fromSearch&btnSearch.x=0&btnSearch.y=0 Nineteenth Amendment: Granting Women Suffrage (1920) TERMS Clayton Antitrust Act Objectives: 1. Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. 2. Explain the steps leading to women’s suffrage 3. Sum up the limits of Wilson’s Progressivism Federal Trade Commission Federal Reserve System Nineteenth Amendment