CASE WORK
Social case work is the process used by
certain human welfare agencies to help
individuals to cope more effectively with
their problems in social functioning.
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CASE WORK TOOLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Listening
Communication
Interview
Counseling
Home Visit
Observation
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LISTENING
It is an important tool to find the problem of
the client.
It is being present mentally and
physically.
It is being able to analyze and interpret the
things after hearing.
It is not just hearing.
It is to assure that you are interested and
attentive.
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TYPES OF LISTENING
1.
o
o
o
o
Active Listening
There is a two way communication.
Listeners listen attentively.
They respond towards the speaker.
Both the mind and the body will be
functioning.
o These kinds of listening should be
promoted.
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2. Passive Listening
o Listener presence is there physically but
mentally he is absent.
o It is one way communication.
o Listener is simply hearing, so there won’t
be any kind of participation.
o Only the speaker will be speaking and
there won’t be any kind of contribution
from the listener.
o This kind of listening should be avoided.
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TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Stop talking.
Put the speaker at the ease.
Look and act interested.
Remove distractions.
Empathize with speaker.
Be patient.
Hold the temper.
Do not argue
Ask questions.
And once again, STOP TALKING.
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“Nature has given us two ears but one
tongue. We should do more listening than
talking.”
Keith Davis (1972)
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COMMUNICATION
 Communication is the process of
transmitting information.
 It involves flow of information and
understanding between sender and
receiver.
 It is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions,
or emotions by two or more persons.
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BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Physical
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•
•
Distance
Noise
Arrangements
2. Semantic
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Language
Jargon
3. Psychological
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Perceptions
Distrust
Emotions
View points
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TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING
COMMUNICATION
Two-way
Communication
Effective Listening
Clear Language
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Clear Goals
Climate of Trust
Avoid Information
Overload
Reduce
Psychological
Barriers
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INTERVIEW
• It is the involvement of two people for communication.
• It is far more than a routine procedure.
• It is an art, a skilled technique that can be improved and
eventually perfected primarily through continued
practice.
• The basic purpose of interviewing is to obtain
understanding of the problem, of the situation and of the
client who has come for help.
• It is effective, formal, verbal or non-verbal conversation
initiated for specific purposes and focus on certain
planned areas.
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ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS OF
GOOD INTERVIEW
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Physical settings,
Recording,
Confidentiality,
Background knowledge.
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THINGS TO DO BY THE
INTERVIEWER
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•
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Observation,
Listening,
Questioning,
Interpretation
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COUNSELING
• It is a process where clients are helped in
dealing with their personal and inter-personal
conflicts.
• It is extensive one to one session carried out by
specially trained staff. The aim of such session
is to reach an informed decision.
• It aims to help each individual to take
responsibility of his/her own life developing
ability to make realistic and rational decisions
providing information, understanding self and
develop plan for future and a sense of self
respect.
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ELEMENTS OF GOOD
COUNSELING
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Ample Time,
Acceptance,
Accessibility,
Consistency and Accuracy,
Confidentiality.
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QUALITIES OF A COUNSELOR
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Trust,
Communication,
Empathy,
Understanding,
Good Psychological Health.
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STAGES OF COUNSELING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Establishing Rapport and Relationship,
Assessing the Present Problem,
Identifying and Setting Goals,
Choosing and Initiating Interventions,
Planning and Introducing Termination
and Follow up.
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HOME VISIT
• It is a process of visiting home of the
client.
• It should be done neither too early nor too
late.
• It is done to know about the family
background of the client.
• It helps to check the reliability of the
information given by the client.
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OBSERVATION
• It is a systematic, direct, definite, deliberate
examination of the spontaneous occurrences at
the time of their occurrence.
• It is not merely looking ,seeing, and watching.
• It is the presence of eye and ear, and being able
to analyze.
• It consists the applications of our mind and its
cognitive power to the phenomenon which we
are studying.
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TYPES OF OBSERVATION
1.
2.
3.
Non Control Participant- Observer disguise as to be
accepted as a member of the group.
Non Control Non Participant- This is difficult to
conduct because there is no standard set of
relationship, role, and pattern for the non member who
is always present but never participate.
Systematic control observation- In this observation
observer tries to systematize the process of
observation and does not tries to limit the observation.
For example- mechanical devices like film,
photograph, recording, etc are used to make the things
appear natural. Here the controls are applied to both
the observer and the observed.
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THANK YOU
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