NETA PowerPoint
Presentations to accompany
The Future of
Business
Fourth Edition
Adapted by
Norm Althouse,
University of Calgary
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Motivating Employees
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Making the Connection
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Learning Outcomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
Explain the basic principles of Frederick Taylor’s concept
of scientific management.
Summarize what Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies
revealed about worker motivation.
Discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Clayton
Alderfer’s ERG theory of motivation, and how these
needs relate to employee motivation.
Identify how McGregor’s Theories X and Y and Ouchi’s
Theory Z are used to explain worker motivation.
Explain the basic components of Herzberg’s motivatorhygiene theory.
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
6.
7.
8.
5
Describe how three contemporary theories of employee
motivation offer insights into improving employee
performance.
Discuss how managers can redesign existing jobs to increase
employee motivation and performance.
List some of the initiatives organizations are using today to
motivate and retain employees.
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Exhibit 11.1: Model of Motivation
6
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Explain the basic principles of Frederick Taylor’s
concept of scientific management.
7
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Scientific Management
Develop a scientific approach for each element of a
person’s job.
Scientifically select, train, and develop workers.
Encourage cooperation between workers and
managers.
Divide work and responsibility according to who is
better suited to each task.
8
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Summarize what Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne
studies revealed about worker motivation.
9
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Hawthorne Studies
Hawthorne
Effect
10
The phenomenon that
employees perform better
when they feel singled out for
attention or feel that
management is concerned
about their welfare.
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and
Alderfer’s ERG theory of motivation, and how
these needs relate to employee motivation.
11
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Exhibit 11.2: Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
12
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Exhibit 11.3: Alderfer’s ERG Theory
13
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Identify how McGregor’s Theories X and Y and
Ouchi’s Theory Z are used to explain worker
motivation.
14
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
McGregor’s Theories X and Y
Theory X (pessimistic view)
• The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if
possible.
• People must be controlled, directed, or threatened with
punishment.
• The average person prefers to be directed, avoids
responsibility, is not ambitious, and wants security.
Theory Y (optimistic view)
• Work is as natural as play or rest.
• Workers can be motivated by using positive incentives.
• The average person seeks out responsibility.
15
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Ouchi’s Theory Z
Emphasizes:
• Long-tem employment
• Slow career development
• Moderate specialization
• Group decision making
• Individual responsibility
• Informal control over the
employee
• Concern for workers
16
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Explain the basic components of
Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory.
17
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory
Motivating Factors
(job satisfiers)
Hygiene Factors
(job dissatisfiers)
Intrinsic job elements lead to
satisfaction.
Extrinsic elements of the work
environment.
Exhibit 11.5:
Herzberg’s
Motivating and
Hygiene Factors
18
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Describe how three contemporary theories of
employee motivation offer insights into improving
employee performance.
19
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Contemporary Views on Motivation
Expectancy Theory
Equity Theory
© THE ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER/ZUMAPRESS.COM/GETSTOCK
Goal-Setting Theory
20
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Exhibit 11.6: How Expectation Can Lead to
Motivation
21
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Expectancy Theory
Motivating Employees

Determine the rewards valued by each employee.

Determine the desired performance level.

Make the performance level attainable.

Link rewards to performance.

Determine what factors might counteract the
effectiveness of an award.

Make sure the reward is adequate for the level of
performance.
22
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Equity Theory
Employees evaluate their outcomes in relation to
their inputs and compare to one of the following:

Past experience in different position.

Past experience in different organization.

To another employee’s experiences.
23
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Equity Theory (What Are the
Choices?)
Change work habits.
When
There Is
Inequity…
Change job benefits and income.
Distort their perceptions of self.
Distort their perception of others.
View situation from different
perspective.
Leave the situation.
24
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Goal-Setting Theory
25
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Discuss how managers can redesign existing jobs
to increase employee motivation and
performance.
26
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Exhibit 11.7: Reinforcing Behaviour
By introducing or removing consequences,
managers can encourage functional behaviours
or discourage dysfunctional behaviours.
27
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Motivational Job Design
Job Enlargement
Options for
Increasing
Motivation
Job Enrichment
Job Rotation
28
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Work-Scheduling Options
Compressed
Workweek
Fitting 40 hours into a shorter workweek.
Flextime
Employees decide what their
work hours will be.
Job Sharing
Allows two individuals to split the tasks and
hours of a workweek.
Telecommuting
Employees work from home
via a linked computer.
29
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Incentives
Non-Monetary
Incentives
Recognition
Empowerment
Piece-Rate Plans
Monetary
Incentives
Profit Sharing
Gain Sharing
Bonuses
Stock Options
30
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
List some of the initiatives organizations are using
today to motivate and retain employees.
31
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.
The Future of Motivation

Education and training.

Employee ownership.

Work-life benefits.

Nurturing knowledge workers.
32
Copyright © 2014 by Nelson Education Ltd.