Chapter 10
Gender and Sexuality
Sex
(1)The biological category of male or female
as defined by physical differences in genetic
composition and in reproductive anatomy
and function.
(2) The behavioral manifestation of the sexual
urge; sexual intercourse
Gender
The cultural, social, and psychological
meanings that are associated with
masculinity or femininity
Gender Roles
the behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits
that are designated as either masculine or
feminine in a given culture
Gender Identity
A person’s psychological sense of being male
or female
Sexual Orientation
The direction of a person’s emotional and
erotic attraction toward members of the
opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes
Gender-role stereotype
The beliefs and representatives people hold
about the typical characteristics,
preferences, and behavior of men and
women.
Social learning theory of genderrole development
The theory that gender roles are acquired
through the basic processes of learning,
including reinforcement, punishment, and
modeling
Gender schema theory
The theory that gender-role development is
influenced by the formation of schemas, or
mental representations, of masculinity and
femininity
Sexual Orientation
the direction of a person’s emotional and
erotic attraction toward members of the
opposite sex,the same sex, or both sexes.
Puberty
The stage of adolescence in which an
individual reaches sexual maturity and
becomes physiological capable of sexual
reproduction
Primary Sex Characteristics
Sexual organs that are directly involved in
reproduction, such as the uterus, penis, and
testicles
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Sexual characteristics that develop during
puberty and are not directly involved in
reproduction but differentiate between the
sexes, such as facial hair for men.
Adolescent Growth Spurt
The period of accelerated growth during
puberty, involving rapid increases in weight
and height
Menarche
a female’s first menstrual period, which
occurs during puberty
Sexual Dysfunction
A consistent disturbance in sexual desire,
arousal, or orgasm that causes psychological
distress and interpersonal difficulties
Hypoactive Sexual Desire
Disorder
A sexual dysfunction characterized by little or
no sexual desire
Sexual aversion Disorder
A sexual dysfunction characterized by active
avoidance of genital sexual contact because
of extreme anxiety, fear or disgust
Dyspareunia
A sexual dysfunction characterized by genital
pain before, during, or after intercourse.
Male erectile disorder
In males, sexual dysfunction characterized by
a recurring, inability to achieve or maintain
an erect penis
Male Orgasmic disorder
In males, sexual dysfunction characterized by
delayed orgasm during intercourse or the
inability to achieve an orgasm during
intercourse
premature ejaculation
In males, sexual dysfunction characterized by
orgasm occurring before it is desired, often
immediately or shortly after sexual
stimulation or penetration
Female Orgasmic Disorder
In females, sexual dysfunction characterized
by consistent delays in achieving orgasm or
the inability to achieve orgasm
Vaginismus
Sexual dysfunction characterized by
persistent, involuntary contractions or
spasms of the vaginal muscles, which
results in uncomfortable or painful
intercourse
Paraphilla
Any of several forms of nontraditional sexual
behavior in which a person’s sexual
gratification depends on an unusual sexual
experiences, objects, or fantasy
Gender Identity Disorder
A persistent discomfort about one’s assigned
gender along with the desire to be a member
of the opposite sex
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Any of several infectious diseases that are
transmitted primarily through sexual
intercourse or other intimate sexual contact
AIDS (acquired immune
deficiency Syndrome
A disease caused by the exchange of bodily
fluids containing the human immune
nondeficiency virus (HIV) , which attacks
and weakens the immune system
PEOPLE
Sandra Lipsitz Bem
American psychologist who has conducted
extensive research on sex roles and gender
identity; proposed gender schema theory to
explain gender-role development
Virginia E. Johnson
American behavioral scientist who, along
with William H. Masters, conducted
pioneering research in the field of human
sexuality and sex therapy
William H. Masters
American psychologist who, along with Virginia E.
Johnson, conducted pioneering research in the
field of human sexuality and sex therapy