CHAPTER 12
DRIVING IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS
12.1 REDUCED VISIBILITY
12.2 REDUCED TRACTION
12.3 OTHER ADVERSE WEATHER
CONDITIONS
REDUCED VISIBILITY
WHENEVER REDUCED VISIBILITY
1. SLOW DOWN
2. SCAN EARLY
3. PREDICT OTHERS MOVEMENTS
4. DECEIDE POSITION WITH EXTRA SPACE CUSHION
5. EXECUTE GENTLY TO MAINTAIN CONTROL
IF MOISTURE
BUILD-UP
1.
2.
3.
4.
TURN ON FRONT DEFROSTER
SWITCH ON REAR DEFOGGER
USE AIR CONDITIONER/ HEATER TO HELP
OPEN WINDOWS IF NEEDED
SUN GLARE
2. BRIGHTEST DAYS CREATE
DARKEST SHADOWS
3. LOW BEAM HEADLIGHTS HELP
OTHERS SEE YOU
1. USE VISOR
DAWN AND DUSK
LOW VISUAL CONTRAST BETWEEN
MOVING AND THE DRIVING SCENE
DAWN AND DUSK
• Driving can be dangerous
• Use low beam lights
Night Driving
•Switch to Low Beam for Oncoming cars
•Use Low Beam in Bad Weather
•Use High Beam Lights to See Further Down the
Road
•Avoid staring at mirrors
•Glare of other headlights
can blind you
Make sure you flip your rear view
mirror to night driving to avoid glare
Meeting Other Vehicles
•Flick to Low Beam Lights
•If Other Driver is Using High Beams
Move to the right and Look for Curb
•You May Also Flash Your Lights to
Remind Oncoming Driving to Switch to
Low Beams
Over Driving Headlights
Driving at a speed that makes your
stopping distance farther than the
distance lighted by your headlights
FOG
•Use Low Beam
•Other cars appear closer than they are
•Increase following distance
RAIN
•Use Wipers and Low Beam
•Avoid Deep Pools of Water
Reduced Traction
SNOW
•Slow and Steer Carefully
•Slush and Ice build-up on Wipers and Head Lights
SNOW
•Fresh Snow at Low Temps
•Traction Can Be Good but…
•Covers Roadway Markings
SNOW
• Driving in tire
tracks of
others can
help increase
traction
Snow
Fresh Snow – Traction Fairly Good
Packed Snow – Low Traction
Sub Zero – EVERYTHINGS FROZEN
Hydroplaning
Tires lose Contact because they are on top of the
Water
Tire Tread Cuts through water to grip the road
If Traveling Too fast…………………#!&@
Deep Water
• Estimate Depth
– Fire Hydrants
– Fences
– Trees
• If water is higher than bottom of your
vehicle, DO NOT ENTER
Rocking the Vehicle
Driving Forward and Backward quickly
and Repeatedly.
Ice
On Bridges
Black Ice
Ice in Tire Tracks
Gravel Roads
Gravel act like marbles under your
wheels and may cause skidding
Leaves
Wet Leaves are
slippery
Avoid Piles
Construction Areas
Trucks and Equipment leave mud, dirt,
sand, on the roadway
Slow, Be Watchful for Workers!
Skidding
•Over-Power Skid
–Too much power to the drive wheels
•Over-Braking Skid
–No ABS, may lock up your wheels when
stopping suddenly
Front Wheel Skid
•Loss of Steering
–Release Accelerator or brake
–Pump Brakes (if no ABS)
–Steer towards path you want to go
Rear Wheel Skid
•Release Accelerator or Brake
•Steer Quickly the direction you want to go
•If Fishtail Counter steer according
Skidding In a Curve
•Happens when entering a curve too fast
•May go off the road!
•Let the Car slow on its own and aim for the
roadway
Controlled Braking
Pumping the brakes gently to slow
quickly
WIND
•Be Ready to steer into wind
•Especially Dangerous when passing trucks
Hot Weather
•Cooling systems may over heat engine
•Check gauges Often
Cold Weather
Exhaust Leaks
Do Not Race Engine
Do Not Set Parking Brake
Bad Weather Driving Tips
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Look and Listen to Weather Reports
Keep Windows Clear
Respect Lower Speeds
Keep Safe Following Distance
Keep Moving in Snow
Lower Gear on Slippery Roads
Avoid Cruise Control