Chapter 3&4

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5 Basic Principles Revisited
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1) Popular Sovereignty …
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Definition and your own example
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2) Separation of Power
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Judicial Branch
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3) Checks and Balances
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Why? When it doesn’t work …
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4) Limited Government
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Fences … Keeping the Government in and out
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5) Federalism
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The Cakes

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Power to the people …
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Slavery
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Abortion
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Same-Sex Marriage
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Multi-Racial Schools

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Supreme Court Facts
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9 Judges
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John Roberts Chief Justice
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Breakdown by President
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Breakdown by Age
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Breakdown by Political Party

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To keep the three branches even and no one branch too powerful
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Reminder of how they are checking each
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The dangers of one branch not balanced
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Andrew Jackson
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Richard Nixon
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George Bush??

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The supposed limits to government and the constitution
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Limits to the government – keeping the government in a fence – bound to the constitutional limits
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Dangers of limiting the government to just the constitution – Thomas Jefferson
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New Federalism

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The division of governmental power between the National and State governments
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The Government in Washington DC and the
State Government in Boise, etc.
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History of Confederation …
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Articles of Confederation
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CSA
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Texas and State Power

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P.45
Power to the National Government
Power to the State Government
Concurrent Powers
Prohibited Powers
Federal/State Responsibilities
State to State Obligation
National Supreme
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Civil War
Commerce Clause
Civil Rights Amendments
Federal Grants and Mandates

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Dual Federalism
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Early History – Two separate Levels
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Limited (Supreme) powers to National
Everything else to the States
Layered Cake
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Cooperative Federalism
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Mixed levels of government
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Marble Cake
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New Federalism
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Since President Nixon (Republican) way of shrinking responsibility and size (Not George Bush II)
What kind of Cake?

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National Powers
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State Powers
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Concurrent Powers
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Prohibited Powers

National
Government
Concurrent
Powers
Both
State
Government

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Delegated Power – powers expressed in the constitution directly in the Constitution for the
National Government to regulate.
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Declare War, Coin Money, Copy Rights
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Implied Powers – powers reasonably inferred in the from the constitution. Elastic Clause (Art. 1 Sec. 8)
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Laws that are necessary and proper to carry out gov.
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Air Force, Buying Land (LA Purchase), Supreme Court
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Inherent powers - powers that usually deal with foreign affairs
 acquire land (bases), immigration policy, war on terrorism

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Reserved Powers – powers not delegated to the states and not denied to the states.
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Guaranteed by 10 th Amendment
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Establishing/monitoring local government
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Regulate trade within the state
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Ratifying amendments to the Constitution

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Powers held by both the state and national governments. No exclusive power is given to national government, no power denied to states
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Levying and collecting taxes
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Establish and maintain separate court systems
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Law enforcement
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Health and welfare
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Borrow money

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Powers restricted or denied to the national governments, state governments, or both.
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Can’t take tax exports
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States from making treaties
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Individual rights

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National Security - Military
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Interstate Harmony – Between States
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Domestic Tranquility – Social harmony
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Infrastructure – Bridges/Roads

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States must meet their responsibilities to the federal government in several ways.
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States are responsible for public elections.
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Ratify the Constitution
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Cover what the Federal Government refuses to do.

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Outlines the obligations each state has to every other states.
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“Full Faith and Credit” – each state recognizes the records of other states.
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Public acts, records, auto loans
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Marriage ??
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Extradition of criminals

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McCulloch v. Maryland – national government supreme to the states in Constitutional matters.
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Civil War – By the South losing the Civil War, the Union was supreme to the states and
States Sovereignty is secondary to National supremacy.
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Commerce Clause – the national government moderates interstate trade. (Native Americans)
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Civil Rights – Amendments and rulings to insure the rights of minorities.

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Division of power between the national and state governments.
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Overlapping funds
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Federal government provides funds/regulations that affect lower levels
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Important to State and local governments, municipalities.

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Federal government has always had influence over states through grants-in-aid (money to finance their programs –see below)
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Kinds of grants …
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Categorical Grants – strings attached
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Block Grants – general funds and up to the states to decide how to spend
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Revenue Sharing – a potion of the federal monies returned to the states and local governments

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A rule issued by the federal government to the states.
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An order from the federal government that is not necessarily backed with money.
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Most mandates are concerned with civil rights and protection of the environment.

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1 st Amendment (Freedoms …)
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Religion
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Press
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Petition
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Speech
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Assemble
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2 nd Amendment (Right to BEAR ARMS)
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State Militia
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Personal Firearms
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Freedoms to they end of my nose …
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Limits to all amendments

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Be aware this is the primaries
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Democrats vs. Democrats
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Republicans vs. Republicans
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Know the Candidates and the Issues that might get them elected and the problems they face getting the nomination
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BE ABLE TO NAME AND DISCUSS ONE POSITIVE
AND NEGATIVE FOR ALL THE CANDIDATES
(REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRAT)

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Hillary Clinton
Barack Obama
John Edwards
Joe Biden
Chris Dodd
Bill Richardson
Dennis Kucinich
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For more info click on the link … http://www.politicalderby.com/

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Mike Huckabee
Mitt Romney
John McCain
Fred Thompson
Rudy Giuliani
Ron Paul
Tom Tancredo
Duncan Hunter
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For more info click on the link … http://www.politicalderby.com/


Supreme Court - Highest Court in the Land
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9 Judges , 8 Men-1 Woman
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By Age
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By President
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By Party
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Possible Changes
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What it means to the decisions?

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How decisions are made …
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How it gets to the Supreme Court …
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Number of Cases, Number heard …