Chapter 8
Skeletal System
Slide
1
Introduction
 Bones
 Number of bones
Slide
2
Divisions of Skeleton
 Axial skeleton
 Appendicular skeleton
Slide
3
Skeletal Structure
terminology
P. 214 in book (table 8-2)
Slide
4
Skull bones overview
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Slide
5
Axial Skeleton
 Skull
Cranial bones (external)
Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bone
Temporal bones
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Slide
6
Cranial bones
Slide
7
Facial Bones
 Maxilla
 Palatine bone
 Zygomatic bone
 Lacrimal bone
 Nasal bone
 Vomer bone
 Inferior nasal conchae
 Mandible
 Hyoid bone
Slide
8
Fetal Skull
 Fetal skull
Slide
9
Directional terms
Superior
Inferior
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Slide
10
Vertebral Column
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Slide
11
Vertebral column
 Made of vertebrae stacked on top of
each other
 Segments of the vertebral column:
 Cervical vertebrae, 7
 Thoracic vertebrae, 12
 Lumbar vertebrae, 5
 Sacrum - fused
 Coccyx - fused
Slide
12
The Thoracic Cage
Consists of:
ribs
sternum
Slide
13
Sternum
 Parts :
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Slide
14
The shoulder girdle
 Clavicles - s shaped bone
 Scapulae - flat/triangular
 Divided by Spine
Acromion process - articulates with clavicle
Coracoid process - attachment point for
mucles
 Glenoid cavity - articulates with head
of humerus
Slide
15
Upper Limb
 Humerus
 Upper arm/ from scapula to elbow
 Radius
 Thumb side
 Radius pivots with humerus
 Ulna - longer of two lower arm bones
 Articulates with humerus
Slide
16
The hand
 Carpal bones - 8
 Metacarpal bones5
 Phalanges - made of 3 phalanx
 Proxmial phalanx
 Middle phalanx
 Distal phalanx
Slide
17
Lower extremity
 Consists of the bones of hip, thigh,
lower leg, ankle, and foot
 Pelvic girdle
2 coxal bones fused at the acetabulum
 Ilium - superior portion, joins sacrum at the
sacroiliac joint
 Ischium- L shaped, supports weight during sitting
 Pubis - anterior/articulates at symphysis pubis
 Large opening - obturator foramen
Slide
18
Skeletal Differences
in Men and Women
Slide
19
Lower Limb (thigh, lower leg,
foot)
 Thigh, lower leg and foot
 Femur - thighbone
From hip to knee
Longest bone in body
 Patella - knee cap (in tendon that
passes over knee)
Slide
20
Lower leg
 Tibia - shinbone supports
weight/articulates with femur and
tarsals
 Fibula -slender
Lateral to tibia
Does not bear body weight
Slide
21
Foot
 Tarsals - ankle - 7 bones
 Articulates with tibia and fibula
 Calcaneus (heel)
 Supports body weight
 Metatarsals - instep
 5 bones
 Arch
 Bound by ligament
 Phalanges
 Each made of 3 phalanges,except big toe
Slide
22
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
 Abnormal curvatures (cont.)
 Lordosis
 Kyphosis
 Scoliosis
Slide
23