Last week’s assignment, to send your question/answer to the
http://www.iranian.com/
Re. Last week’s assignment, to send your question/answer to the
Irianian.co as part of our work on globalisation and the cinema.
Last year the writer of the article, Naghmeh Sohrabi (who received his
PhD from Harvard recently) responded to one of the students in this
course who wrote on Sohrabi’s article on how “the West is patronizing
Iranian cinema”.
(http://www.iranian.com/Letters/2002/November/nov5.html#3)
Sohrabi’s response
(http://www.iranian.com/NaghmehSohrabi/2002/November/Film/index.
html)
It is well worth the read and fits in with this week’s work on globalised
education (Sohrabi was educated at Harvard and teaches in the US)
Global Education
slides 3-24
Distant Education
slides 15-21
The Virtual University
slides 22-24
Teachers are the largest single group of trained
professionals in the world (Teachers without Borders)
ILLITERACY FIGURES
• By country and gender
• 2000 Illiteracy rates – World
• World regions by gender
• 2000 Illiteracy rates - Arab States and
North Africa
• 2000 Illiteracy rates - Latin America and
the Caribbean
• 2000 Illiteracy rates - South and West
Asia
Global Education
Who Is in Charge of Learning?
 The Multinational Control of Education and the Media Worldwide ~ universities
have long been funded by big business, particularly by the weapons industry and the
pharmaceutical drug companies, which are among the largest and most profitable
businesses in the world.
A report in 2000 identified almost 1,000 university research projects being funded
by oil and gas companies. Furthermore the Chairman of Esso UK is on the Higher
Education Funding Council for England. The result? Five times as much is spent on
research into oil and gas as is spent on renewable energy sources.
C O R P O R A T I O N S that “support” education
Coke and other soft drink companies have started paying millions of dollars for
exclusive marketing rights in schools see ALSO
McDonalds are funding a centre that produces learning materials on ‘Health Care’
Eventually there could be a few major corporations that control the
education of the workforce of the future.
Branding, globalization and learning to be
consumers
It is time to recognize that the true tutors of our
children are not schoolteachers or university professors
but filmmakers, advertising executives and pop culture
purveyors. Disney does more than Duke, Spielberg
outweighs Stanford, MTV trumps MIT. (Benjamin R.
Barber quoted by Giroux 2000: 15)
Commodification and the Corporate Takeover
of Education
Process of commodification - and the development of attempts to standardize
'products' and to find economies of scale
the making of a market entailed the meeting of four requirements:
1. The reconfiguration of the goods and services in question so that they can be
priced and sold.
2. The inducing of people to want to buy them.
3. The transformation of the workforce from one working for collective aims with a service
ethic to one working to produce profits for owners of capital and subject to market discipline.
Colin Leys (2001)
Schools have to compete for students in order to sustain and extend their
funding.
marketisation and commodification has led to a significant privatization of education in
a number of countries. Re. $17,000/year at Albany Academy for Girls –
the for-profit education market represented around $600 billion in revenue for
corporate interests. Over 1000 state schools have been contracted out to private
companies
How globalisation affects education
From a bulletin board posting on globalhawaii.org
“In Indonesia globalization effect our education in curriculum, menegement of the education and
the line of information.
First in curriculum.
In curriculum we adapt a lot of western countries curriculum but it not all of them because we still have
our local values which is cannot be adapt from western country. It happen because Indoenesia as a
developing country (I think now on Indonesia is underdeveloping country) need to compete with the
developed country. I f we don't some reformation in education then our young people cannot compete in
free trade area (APEC and AFTA. So our government made a lot changes to made a competitive worker.
In management of education
In management of education we invite a lot of scholars from around the world in order to get a better
management and received some data from the first hand. Luckily our education institution have good
relations with some big NGOs and International Administration Organization and they were very helpfull
in donating us and invite those scholars.
Even our students go abroad to come to several international events so we can get new friends and
lingkages and also experience which can shared and practised in Indonesia.
In the line of information
By using internet we are part of globalization and also we're doing education in the same time. I see
internet as a part of education. From internet we can get a lot of information. This is one of educational
system.
Global teachers
Global Nomads Group
Teachers without borders
Reading 1. Lipman, Pauline. Bush's Education Plan, Globalization, and the
Politics of Race. http://eserver.org/clogic/4-1/lipman.html
• The U.S. investment in learning (everything from corporate training to
teaching kids) is more than is spent on defense.
• The essence of Bush's proposals is to open up public education to the
market.
"The Twilight of American Culture" by
Morris Berman
Dr Morris Berman is an academic, cultural historian and
social critic who believes that American civilisation is on the
verge of collapse.
Among the signs that America is a culture in decline, Berman
cites its citizens' love of capitalism, their belief in
globalisation, the increasingly large gap between rich and
poor, people's fascination with celebrity culture, and their
inability to distinguish quality from kitsch.
Although Berman decries the abilities of today's students, he's not
exactly showing his academic superior self himself. In one section,
he misuses the term "cybernetics", and, in another, includes this
embarrassing sentence:
The group included men, women, and people of color.
Which we discussed in past classes is what movies and television
and advertisement has done for a very long time WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS SENTENCE???
Reading 2: GLOBALIZATION, KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Derrick L. Cogburn
Components in a New Framework for Knowledge
(globalised):
A Focus on Abstract Concepts
Uses a Holistic, As Opposed to Discrete, Approach
Enhances the Student’s Ability to Manipulate Symbols
Enhances the Student’s Ability to Acquire and Utilize Knowledge
Produces an Increased Quantity of Scientifically and Technically Trained
Persons
Encourages Students to Work in Teams
Virtual Teams Around the World
Agile and Flexible System
Break the Boundaries of Space and Time
nearly 2 million students are currently seeking education
outside of their home countries
FOREIGN STUDENT AND TOTAL U.S. ENROLLMENT
2002/2003
Foreign Student Visas since 911
Rethinking foreign students
US Educated: Philippines' Corazon Aquino Israel's Ehud Barak
Hani Hasan Hanjour - Oakland, Calif. did not attend a single class ~ one of the terrorists in
the plane that crashed into the Pentagon on September 11
United Kingdom: Dr. Rihab Rashida Taha ~ Ph.D. in biology; doctoral research was on plant
poisons ~ "Dr. Germ," became the head of Saddam Hussein's bio-terrorism team.
1971, the State Department issued 65,000 student visas.
2000 ~ issued 315,000 student visas
2002 ~ 1 million foreign students in the U.S.
Foreign students receive 35 percent of the doctorates awarded in the physical sciences, and
49 percent of those in engineering.
Between 1981 and 1999 students from Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen
(countries targeted for increased security monitoring by the US State Department) received
111 doctorates in nuclear and organic chemistry, with 40 of them going to Iraqi students; 434
doctorates in chemical and nuclear engineering, with 106 going to Iraqis; and 112 doctorates
in atomic and nuclear physics, with 31 going to Iraqis
As of NOVEMBER 3, 2003
Information from Open Doors 2003
India The Top Sending Country ~ increased by 12% to 74,603 students
China up 2% to 64,757,
Korea up 5% to 51,519)
Asian students comprise over half (51%) of all international enrollments,
followed by students from Europe (13%), Latin America (12%), Africa (7%), the
Middle East (6%), North America and Oceania (5%).
Fields of Study Business & Management is the highest at 19.6%
The economics of foreign students
In the US - Open Doors 2003 reports that international students contribute nearly $12
billion dollars to the U.S. economy in money spent on tuition, living expenses, and related
costs. Nearly 75% of all international student funding comes from personal and family
sources or other sources outside of the United States. Department of Commerce data
describe U.S. higher education as the country's fifth largest service sector export.
What is Distance Learning?
• Distance Learning at Hudson Valley Community
College means using the Internet and e-mail to
access courses, submit homework assignments, and
communicate with the instructor and other students.
Distance learning course materials include videos as
well as textbooks, student guides, and Internet sites.
Distance Learning means that students can work at
locations and times that are convenient for them.
Although most of the work can be done from home,
some of the courses require labs or other on-campus
meetings. A few of the courses may also have midterms or finals on campus.
• Australasia Charles Sturt University (Australia), Curtin
University of Technology (Australia), Deakin University
(Australia), Griffiths University (Australia), Monash
University (Australia), Murdoch University (Australia),
Massey University (New Zealand), Northern Territories
University (Australia), Open University of Israel, Open
Polytechnic of New Zealand, Southern Cross University
(Australia), University of Adelaide (Australia), University of
Melbourne (Australia), University of New South Wales
(Australia), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of
Queensland (Australia), University of South Australia
(Australia), University of the South Pacific (Fiji), University of
Sydney (Australia), University of Tasmania (Australia)
• North America Athabasca University(Canada), Howard
University (USA), Mind Extension University (USA), On-Line
Education (USA), Nova South Eastern University (USA),
Pennsylvania State University (USA), Tele Education
(Canada), University of Phoenix (USA), University of British
Columbia(Canada), University of Maryland (USA), University
of Minnesota(USA), Iowa State University (USA)
• South America Universidad de Belgrano (Argentina),
Universidad Nacional de Tucuman (Argentina), Universidad
Tecnologica Nacional (Argentina), Universidad NUR (Bolivia),
Centro de Ensino Tecnologico de Brasilia (Brazil), Pontificia
Universidad Javeriana (Columbia), Universidad Estatel a
Distancia (Costa Rica)
Distance Education Institutions continued
• Asia Anadolu University (Turkey), Central Radio & TV
University (China), University of the Air (Japan),
Universitas Terbuka(Indonesian Open Learning
University), Korea National Open University (Korea) ,
Open University of Hong Kong (China), Open University
of the Phillipines (Phillipines), Indira Gandhi Open
University (India), Sukhotha, Thammathirat Open
University (Thailand)
Europe Centre for Telematics and Information
Technology (Holland), CNED (France)
FernUniversiteit (Germany), Institute of Telematics
(Germany), NKI (Norway), NKS Ernst Mortensen
Foundation (Norway), Open University (United
Kingdom), Open University of The Netherlands
(Holland), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Spain),
UNED (Spain), University of the Highlands and Islands
(Scotland)
• Africa Technikon South Africa, University of South
Africa, Vista University (South Africa), Institute of
Distance Education (University of Swaziland)
Study in Australia
• Why study in Australia
• UNISA
• Study in Australia
• Australian Education Festival
2003
Cultural Problems in Distance Education
• four dimensions by which national cultures are said to vary
a. Power distance ~ the extent to which unequal distribution of power is
accepted in a society
b. Uncertainty avoidance ~ uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which a
society can deal with ambiguity and to tolerance for deviation from the
norm
c. Collectivism-individualism ~ individualism refers to the degree to
which one attaches values to his/her own self rather than to collectivist
values
d. Masculinity-femininity ~ the degree to which the values are
"masculine". (Hofstede (1980) defines masculinity as a
perspective that places more emphasis on work goals and
assertiveness while relegating interpersonal goals and
nurturing.)
Hofstede's (1980) See a chart on country’s indexes
Language
• The cat that said woof
multiple "distances" to be navigated in distance
learning programmes
a. Knowledge: what the learners actually know.
b. Prior skills: what they actually can do.
c. Language: the level of their language ability.
d. Culture: their cultural background.
e. Context: the contest learners actually inhabit.
f. Learning patterns and styles: their learning styles.
g. Learning goals and motivations: what needs, interests,
goals, and motivations the programme assumes that
learners have as opposed to the actual goals and
motivations of learners.
Granger (1995).
Virtual
• Global Education Centre GEC Students ~
Since 1994, over ten thousand Asian students have used our services to obtain
American education. Our students include scholars, government officials,
business executives and a few billionaires in Asia. The success of our students
has made our GEC a great name in Asia.
Since 1999, we have provides training to hundreds of American students in
California.
Distance Education Online
Virtual GraduatePrograms (advertisement)
• Online virtual graduate programs provide a convenient method
of course delivery without restrictions by time or location. All
students of virtual graduate programs have accessibility to
instruction at anytime from anywhere, making online virtual
graduate programs an excellent way to fit education into their
busy lives. The convenience to attend virtual graduate programs
from a home computer via the Internet, 24 hours a day, seven
days a week makes reaching their academic and career goals
easier. Several distance learning colleges and universities are
listed below.
The Virtual University
•
•
"anytime anywhere learning."
The Virtual University in its purist form does not exist physically.
Anyone from any part of the world can enroll in courses offered by
educational institutions located in any other part of the world.
Twenty years ago, the world's first online course was delivered on a
modem bulletin board in Southern California
one million people from 128 countries have attended online classes
at VU...
African Virtual University AFU
Michigan Virtual University MVU
Bibliography
Granger, D. (1995). Supporting students at a distance. Adult
Learning V7 (1) p22-23.
Hofstede, Geert. (1980). Culture's consequences: International
differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.