What is Matter?
Matter: A substance that has
mass and volume (takes up
space).
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/ThreeStatesofMatter.jpg
Matter is Made up of Atoms
Center is the
nucleus:
contains protons
and neutrons
Electrons orbit
the outside of
the nucleus
http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/atom.jpg
Atom
The smallest basic unit of matter
Atoms are extremely small.
1 tsp of water =
500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
5 x 10 23
500 sextillion
Molecules
Molecules are made
up of more than one
atom. (they can be
the same or different
types)
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/icy_ecosystems/sci_media/water_molecule/21463-1-eng-NZ/water_molecule_full_size_landscape.jpg
PHASES OF MATTER
Matter can exist as 4 different phases or
states.




Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
All living and non-living things are made of
matter!
States of Matter
http://www.plasmas.org/E-4phases2.jpg
SOLID
Has a definite volume
and a definite shape.
Examples:



Rocks
Desk
Apple
http://www.sissa.it/main/_graphics/_pictures/condensed_matter.jpg
LIQUID
has a definite volume
but no definite shape.



Water
Blood
Milk
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dorlingkindersley-
uk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/sci_matter/image_sci_matter003.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dorlingkindersleyuk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239037_1584204_,00.html&usg=__SiwazOIZ4_Mg5Vcx7G6lfHt6vBM=&h=298&w=464&sz=25&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=L7Ovg
fvaAPF6GM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dliquid%2Bstate%2Bof%2Bmatter%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
GAS
Has no definite
volume and no
definite shape.


Air (mixture of different
gases)
Water Vapor (water in
a gas form)
http://www.escuela2.es/sciencenglish/Sciencenglish/treasures/States%20of%20matter/gas.JPG
Plasma
Extremely hot
temperatures
Atoms have lost or
gained electrons;
which gives them a
charge and makes
them ions
Sun and Stars are in
a plasma state
http://www.aplasmasolution.com/sun.jpg
http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/plasma_gb.gif
WAYS TO MEASURE MATTER
Mass – the amount of
matter in an object.
 Measured in grams (g)
and kilograms (kg)
Volume – The amount of
space an object takes up.
 Liquids: measured in
milliliters (mL) and liters
(L)
3
 Solids: measured in cm
Is There a Difference between
Mass and Weight?
YES!!!
Mass: the amount of matter in an object.


When you measure mass you are comparing a
standard unit amount to the item.
The standard unit used to measure mass is kg
and g
Weight: the amount of gravitational pull
acting on an object

Spring scale (measuring Newtons) and pounds
Example of Mass and Weight
Difference
If you are on Earth
and then on the Moon
your mass would
measure the same.
Your weight would
change because the
gravitational pull is
different in the two
locations
Earth
Mass same
Weight larger
Moon
Mass same
Weight smaller
Volume Measurements
Volume Formula
Volume= length ● width ● height (V=lwh)
Example: A box has the length of 40 cm,
width of 3 cm , and the height of 2 cm.
Find the volume
Volume
Identify (I): l=40cm, w=3cm, h= 2cm
Formula (F):V=lwh
Substitute (S):V=(40cm)(3cm)(2cm)
Math (M):V=240
Units (U): Volume= 240 cm3
Volume by Displacement
( Works with objects that fit into
your measuring container)
1. Add water to a graduated cylinder
2. Write down the initial volume
3. Submerge irregular shaped object into
cylinder
4. Measure new water level
5. Subtract the initial water level (smaller #)
from the final water level (larger #)
CHANGES IN MATTER
Matter will change
phases when heat is
added or lost.






Melting: solid to a
liquid (heat is added)
Sublimation: solid to
a gas (heat is added)
Deposition: gas to a
solid (heat is lost)
Freezing: liquid to a
solid (heat is lost)
Condensation: gas to
a liquid (heat is lost)
Ionization: (extreme
heat is added)
Changes in the States of Matter