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It crackled like a fire
To give a direct frame of reference
The sound of fire shot from the leaves under my feet To give a creative frame of reference to set a mood
The leaves leapt between gusts of wind To create a mood and give a creative image
Leaves leapt lightly To give a sense of beat or ease of reading
An astounding amount of immutable angels Also to give a beat or rhythm to the text
Woosh!
being made
To give an easy reference for the sound

by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
“crooked hands” This is a metaphor being used to give a creative view on the way a birds feet look

Work in pairs to explain the following techniques? Give an example of each and explain why writers use them?
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Hyperbole
Imperatives
Rhetorical and interrogative questions
Colloquial language
Repetition
Cliché
Superlative
Euphemism
Pun
Anecdote
Statistics
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Personal pronouns
Listing
Emotive words and language
Examples
Informal language
Repetition
Short sentences
Alliteration
Antonyms and synonyms
Jargon
Slang

Poetry – work in pairs to answer these questions
The Womb
Your fires burnt my forests leaving only the charred bones of totara rimu and kahikatea
Your ploughs like the fingernails of a woman scarred my face
It seems I became a domestic giant
But in death you settlers and farmers return to me and I suck on your bodies as if they were lollipops
I am the land the womb of life and death
Ruamoko the unborn God rumbles within me and the fires of Ruapehu still live
Apirana Taylor
1.
Identify the specific language feature used in 'your ploughs like the fingernails of a woman'. Explain the effect the author is trying to achieve.
It is trying to get people to imagine the pain that is caused by having your face clawed at by fingernails
2.
Explain how you can tell that this poem is a New
Zealand poem. Quote evidence to support your answer.
You can tell that it is a New Zealand poem because it has references to words and things that would only appear in New
Zealand’s culture
3.
Identify the language feature in the sentence, 'I suck on your bodies as if they were lollipops'.
Metaphor
4.
Explain why the language feature is effective in showing the land's attitude towards the settlers and farmers. It is effective because it shows a form of spite towards the farmers, which is what the land feels
5.
Explain the line 'I am the land / the womb of life and death'. The line means that the speaker is the land, and that be it life or death, the land will support it.
6.
Identify the language feature used in 'rumbles within me', and explain what is suggested by the word 'rumbles '.
Imagery. The word suggests that the thing is alive and it puts the idea that it is strong or powerful.

Extract from Shadows on our Skin.
By the time Joe was let out of school the town was beginning to lose its colour. The rows of houses up the hill behind had the look of cardboard cutouts against the draining sky. The wind that blew up the valley was cold and the day's dust and several crisp bags played dismally around Joe's feet as he walked along.
Down below him in the distance a couple of shots were fired and then there was silence. The street lamps were flowering and people had not yet drawn their curtains so the dusk glittered. He stopped by a long low wall and put his school bag down on it. His mother hated him to loiter. A seagull drifted on the wind, out too late for safety. It was being blown away from the river back towards the hills. With an effort it moved its wings and turned steeply, setting off for home again. Joe picked up his school bag and took the hint. He turned off the main road down the hill, past a row of derelict cottages, the windows frightening holes. He began to run. This stretch of road always put fear in him. Around the corner a couple of men were strolling casually. Joe slowed his feet. He always felt that to run for no good reason made other people nervous. One of the men laughed at some joke. Joe sauntered past them.

 Explain in your own words the similarities between Joe and the seagull.
 They were both out at a time that they shouldn’t be and they both realised that they should return for their own safety
 Explain in your own words the metaphor 'the street lamps were flowering'.
 It means that the street lamps were turning on in a way reminiscent of flowers flowering
 Explain what the word 'sauntered' means and explain why
Joe moved in this way.
 Sauntered means that the person is walking slowly and casually, he is doing this as to not raise suspicion
 Describe the mood of the passage and explain how the writer conveys that mood.
 The mood of the passage is slightly lazy, unsettling, and with a sense of danger

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Proper noun
Common noun
Collective noun
Abstract noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Conjunction
Preposition
Article
Synonym
Antonym
Interjection a) a joining word - 9 b) a word that describes - 7 c) a word that has a similar meaning - 12 d) a word that has the opposite meaning - 13 e) a word that names a person, place or important event. - 1 f) a word used to describe a group of things
- 3 g) a word used to describe something that can’t usually be seen such as a feeling - 4 h) an action or doing word - 6 i) describes a verb - 8 j) names an everyday object - 2 k) shows surprise - 14 l) shows the position - 10 m) used in place of a noun - 11 n) used to indicate nouns and to specify their application. - 5