Biochemistry Cell Theory Organelles Scientific Method Mitosis & Meiosis $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Genetics Genetics Returns! Grab Bag! $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy Genetics Final Jeopardy What are polygenic traits? Because they are controlled by a number of different genes, these traits are difficult to predict. $100 What are polymers? Large molecules composed of long chains of basic individual subunits are called this. Biochemistry $200 What is DNA? The primary function of this molecule is to store and transfer genetic information from one generation to the next. Biochemistry $300 What are amino acids? There are twenty varieties of these basic protein subunits. Biochemistry $400 What are monomers? It’s the name we give to the basic individual units that link together to form the large biological macromolecules. Biochemistry $500 What are simple sugars? These are the basic monomers in carbohydrates. Biochemistry $100 What is homeostasis? This is what we call the ability to maintain a stable internal environment. Cell Theory $200 What is reproduction? This basic requirement of living things refers to the production of offspring. Cell Theory $300 What are phospholipids? These specialized lipid molecules play an essential role in the formation of cell membranes. Cell Theory $400 What are prokaryotes? One of the simplest forms of life, these cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Cell Theory $500 What is the cell wall? This cell structure (absent in animal cells) is largely responsible for the rigidity of plant cells. Cell Theory $100 What are mitochondria? This organelle – the site of cellular respiration – is referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell. Organelles $200 What is the chloroplast? This organelle is the site of sugar production in autotrophic organisms. Organelles $300 What is the nucleus? This organelle is only found in eukaryotic cells, and contains the genetic material. Organelles $400 What is the nucleolus? This organelle is responsible for production of ribosomes. Organelles $500 What is the Rough ER? It is along the folds of this organelle that ribosomes work with RNA molecules to build proteins. Organelles $100 What is the control group? This is the group of subjects in an experiment that is used as the basis for comparison in analyzing results. Scientific Method $200 Answer Daily Double Scientific Method $300 What are inferences? Logical interpretations or explanations based on observations and prior knowledge. Scientific Method $400 What is a variable? In order for an experiment to produce good data, the scientist should make sure that he/she is testing only one of these. Scientific Method $500 What is the independent variable? This is the variable in an experiment that is deliberately being manipulated. Scientific Method $100 What is sexual reproduction? The primary purpose of meiosis is to prepare for this. Mitosis & Meiosis $200 What is interphase? It is during this stage in the cell cycle that DNA replicates itself in preparation for cell division. Mitosis & Meiosis $300 What is 23? It is the number of chromosomes found in a normal human gamete resulting from a meiotic division. Mitosis & Meiosis $400 What is metaphase? During this phase in mitosis, chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. Mitosis & Meiosis $500 What is cytokinesis? Immediately following mitosis, this process completes the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis & Meiosis $200 What is chlorophyll? These molecules are used to absorb the solar energy needed to excite electrons in the “Light” Reactions. Photosynthesis $400 What is the Calvin Cycle? Also called the “Dark” or Light-independent Reactions, this process can take place with or without the presence of light. Photosynthesis $600 What are carbon dioxide and/or ATP? The Light-Independent Reactions can continue in the absence of light until the supply of one of these molecules is exhausted. Photosynthesis $800 What is the production of glucose? It is the primary purpose of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis $1000 What is carbon dioxide? This raw material for photosynthesis is necessary for the Light-Independent Reactions to proceed. Photosynthesis $200 What are heterotrophs? These types of organisms must consume food to obtain the energy necessary to run their metabolic processes. Cellular Respiration $400 What is six? For each glucose molecule in cellular respiration, this many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced. Cellular Respiration $600 What is ATP? This molecule is referred to as the “energy currency” of the cell. Cellular Respiration $800 What is anaerobic respiration? This type of respiration does not require the presence of oxygen. Cellular Respiration $1000 What is glycolysis? This process is the first step in cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration $200 What is a Punnett Square? These are useful for predicting the probability of producing each genotype combination from a given set of parents. Genetics $400 What is recessive? An allele that is expressed only when there are two copies present is said to be this. Genetics $600 Answer Daily Double Genetics $800 What is crossing-over? This event that occurs during meiosis is responsible for increasing genetic variability. Genetics $1000 What is codominant? When two different alleles are both expressed when present in the same individual, they are said to be this. Genetics $200 What is phenotype? Rather than describing the combination of alleles in an individual, this term refers to the appearance of the trait. Genetics Returns! $400 What is a pedigree? Similar to a family tree, this diagram is very useful in analyzing the hereditary patterns for a particular trait. Genetics Returns! $600 What are sex-linked disorders? These types of genetic disorders are far more common in males than in females. Genetics Returns! $800 What are autosomes? This word is used to describe any chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes. Genetics Returns! $1000 What is homologous? This term is used to describe the matching chromosomes that each came from opposite parents. Genetics Returns! $200 What is an enzyme? This type of protein acts as a biological catalyst—speeding up reactions in a living system. Grab Bag! $400 Answer Daily Double Grab Bag! $600 What are data? This is what we call the information being collected during scientific research. Grab Bag! $800 What is observation? This information is obtained directly from our senses. Grab Bag! $1000 What are autotrophs? It is a term used to describe organisms including plants, cyanobacteria, and certain protists that are capable of producing their own food. Grab Bag! Daily Double What is evidence? This is the basis for all scientific claims. Daily Double What is a theory? After much research by many scientists and with the accumulation of much evidence and support, a hypothesis may become this. Daily Double What is heterozygous? An individual with one dominant allele and one recessive allele is said to be this. The Jeopardy champion!