Ecosystems
and
Communities
4.2
By: Deborah Lamoreaux
4.2
Tolerance:
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under
circumstances that differ from there optimal conditions.
Why does and organism experience
stress?
4.2
• When the temperature extends further than
the organisms optical range the organisms will
become stressed.
Habitat:
4.2
• A general place were an organism lives.
Niche:
4.2
• Not only what the organism
does, but also how it interacts
with the biotic and abiotic
factors.
By: Austin Thomas
RESOURCE
•
A RESOURCE IS THE NECESSITY OF LIFE
PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF A NICHE
•
INVOLVE ABIOTIC FACTORS IT REQUIRES FOR SURVIVAL
•
EX: TEMPERATURE
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A NICHE
•
AN ORGANISMS NICHE INVOLVE THE BIOTIC FACTORS IT REQUIRES FOR
SURVIVAL
•
EX: WHEN AND HOW IT REPRODUCES
By: Abigail Saxton
o Competition
o When organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological resources in
the same place at the same time.
o Forest
o Plant roots compete for water and nutrients in the soil.
o Animals (beetles)
o Compete for resources such as
o Food
o Mates
o A place to live
o Raise their young
o Intraspecific
o This occurs between members of the same species.
o Interspecific
o Different Species
o Competition Exclusion Principle
o States that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in the exact
same habitat at the exact same time.
o If two species were to attempt to occupy the same niche, one species
will be better at competing for limited resources.
o *Which would eventually exclude the species*
*Niche: The status of an organism within the environment and community.
o http://www.google.com/search?site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=
hp&biw=1280&bih=884&q=niche&oq=niche&gs_l=img.3..0l1
0.8942.9796.0.11266.5.5.0.0.0.0.84.373.5.5.0....0...1ac.1.32.i
mg..0.5.370.pnRr78QO5Qw&surl=1&safe=active#imgdii=_
o Biology Text Book
o
The Warbler example states that different
species can divide resources instead of
competing for them.
o
_________ is the interaction were an
animal eats a plant
o Herbivory
o
_________________ are a species that
affects every part of that ecosystem that
it inhabits
o Keystone Species
Jebb Klock
4.2 Continued
•Symbiosis• Living together of organisms
•3 classes:
Mutualisms;
Parasitism;
Commensalism
4.2
MutualismRelationship between two species
that the both benefit
Ex: Clownfish and
the sea anemone
4.2
ParasitismOne organism lives on/in another
organism and harms that
organisms
Ex: Tapeworms,
Fleas, Ticks & Lice
NICHES AND COMMUNITY
INTERACTIONS 4.2
Ross Lamoreaux
Examples Of A Parasitism…




Viruses
bacteria
fleas
and fungi are all classified as a parasitism.
What Is A Commensalism?

A Commensalism is a relationship in which one
organism benefits and the other is neither helped or
harmed.
Examples Of A Commensalism…



Barnacles
Remora sharks
And a crab that makes its home in an oysters shell.