Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19c
Voter Turnout: 1820
- 1860
Why Increased
Democratization?
3
White male suffrage increased
3
Party nominating committees.
3
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential
electors.
3
Spoils system.
3
Rise of Third Parties.
3
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.)
The “Common
Man’s”
Presidential
Candidate
Results of the 1824
Election
A
“Corrupt
Bargain?”
Jackson’s Opponents
in 1824
Henry Clay
[KY]
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
John C. Calhoun
[SC]
1828 Election
Results
The Reign of “King
Mob”
The Center of Population
in the
Country Moves WEST
The New “Jackson
Coalition”
3
3
3
3
The Planter Elite in the
South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils
system
Immigrants in the cities.
Jackson’s Faith
in the “Common Man”
3
Intense distrust of Eastern
“establishment,” monopolies, &
special privilege.
3
His heart & soul was with the
“plain folk.”
3
Belief that the common man was
capable of uncommon
achievements.
Andrew Jackson as
President
1830
Webster:
Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson:
Our Federal Union—it must be
preserved.
Calhoun:
The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
1832 Tariff Conflict
• South hated tariff
• South Carolina says they can’t
afford tariff
• Jackson increases tariff
• V.P. John C. Calhoun from SC
• Calhoun quits as VP to become
SC Senator
Nullification
• Calhoun leads the fight to nullify the
tariff.
• Jackson doesn’t think the states can
do this
• S.C. threatens to secede if the tariff
isn’t decreased
• Jackson threatens to invade and hang
every traitor in S.C.
• S.C. doesn’t want to test Jackson
• Henry Clay helps negotiate a reduced
tariff.
The Cherokee Nation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prevalent in Georgia
Had Constitution
Had Congressional Districts
Had Supreme Court
Not disturbing U.S.
Had Schools
Highly Sophisticated Gov’t. modeled
after U.S.
• Took a lot of land.
• People wanted land to grow Cotton
Indian Removal
– Georgia tells Cherokees to get out
– Cherokees sue; Supreme Ct. sides with
them but Jackson disregards the
decision.
– Sign that U.S. Interests come before
Indian Interests
– Cannot have separate Indian Nations
within the U.S.
– Indian Removal – 1830 – 1839
The Cherokee Nation
After 1820
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (18381839)
Trail of Tears
– Trail of Tears (“Nuna dual tsuny” –
Cherokee Phrase – “This is the trail
where tears are shed”)
•
•
•
•
•
•
25 % Die; About 4000
46,000 Forced to leave to go 1000 Miles
Attacked along the way; things stolen
No Doctors
Native Americans leaving their area.
About NJ to Western Ohio
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for
Native Americans
The National Bank
Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
President
Jackson
The National Bank
Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
• National Bank needs
to be careful who it
gives loans to.
• The bank should
work work to control
the economy.
President
Jackson
• Banks should provide
loans to the common man
who really need them.
• If the National Bank is
not working for the people
it should be destroyed.
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft”
(paper) $
3
3
state bankers felt
it restrained their
banks from issuing
bank notes freely.
supported rapid
economic growth
& speculation.
“Hard”
(specie) $
3
3
3
felt that coin was
the only safe
currency.
didn’t like any bank
that issued bank
notes.
suspicious of
expansion &
speculation.
The “Monster” Is
Destroyed!
3
“pet banks”
3
1832  Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.
3
1836  the charter expired.
3
1841  the bank went
bankrupt!
The Downfall of “Mother
Bank”
An 1832
Whig
Party
Cartoon:
“King
Andrew”?
1832 Election
Results
Main
Issue?
3
The Specie
Circular (1836)
“wildcat banks.”
3
buy future federal
land only with gold or
silver.
3
Jackson’s goal?
Results of the Specie
Circular
$ Banknotes loose their value.
$ Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
The 1836 Election
Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
The Panic of 1837
Spreads Quickly!