Safety and organization
In enmat labs
Valeria Poliakova
26.9.2014
CONTROL METHODS
Hazards control
1.
Elimination (including substitution): remove the hazard from the
workplace.
2.
Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants,
equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the
source of exposure.
3.
Administrative Controls: controls that alter the way the work is
done, including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work
practices such as standards and operating procedures (including
training, housekeeping, and equipmentmaintenance, and personal
hygiene practices).
4.
Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to
reduce exposure such as contact with chemicals or exposure to
noise.
1. Substitution
1. Identifying hazards and assessing risks
2. Identifying alternatives
3. Think about what could happen if you use
the alternatives
4. Comparing alternatives
5. Decide whether to substitute
6. Introducing the substitute
7. Assessing the change
2. Engineering controls
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Process control
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source
Ventilation, filtration
Warning alarms on emission
3. Administrative controls
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Rules
Work practices
Education and training
Good housekeeping
Emergency preparedness
Personal Hygiene
Threshold Limit Values
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) by American
Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
• Recommended Exposure Value (REL) by
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) by
Occupational Health and Safety Agency
(OSHA)
Other notations
• TWA = time-weighted average
• TEL = threshold exposure limit
• STEL = short-term exposure limit
Labs’ rules
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Types of PPE used
When it is necessary to use PPE
How to use PPE
Disposal
Types of PPE relevant for enmat labs
• Respiratory protection
• Eye and face protection
• Skin and body protection
• Hearing protection
Respiratory protection
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When is necessary
Types
Filters
How to use
How to maintain and dispose
Types of respiratory protection
Air-purifying devices:
• Dust mask
• Quarter mask
• Half mask
• Full-face mask
• Gas mask
• Mouthpiece respirator
Atmosphere-supplying
respirators:
• Air line respirator
• Hose mask
• Self-contained
breathing apparatus
Respiratory protection: types
Dust mask
• Disposable
• Protects from nuisance
particles as well as
some dusts and mists
• Even best-fitting models
have appr. 20 % leakage
Respiratory protection: types
Half-mask
• Reusable
• Used for protection
against a wide variety of
respiratory hazards
• Can’t be used in O2defficient atmosphere,
limited by type of filter
used, protection factor is
small, facial hair
limitation
Respiratory protection: types
Full face masks
• Reusable
• Can be used with
variety of contaminants,
protection factor is high
• Expensive, can’t be
used in O2-defficient
atmosphere, limited by
type of filter used
Respiratory protection: types
Air line respirator
• Powered by batteries,
creates positive
pressure inside the
mask
• Easy to breath, facial fit
is not cruicial
• Expensive. Limited by
battery life.
Filter to use:
When dust is a hazard
• P3 filter (with Profile 2
mask)
• Provide 30*PEL
protection
• To be changed, once one
experience difficulties
with breathing
When styrene or bensene,
ethanol, etc is a hazard
• A filter (with full face
mask)
• Brown
• Effective time depends on
ppm of contaminant,
breathing load and ability
of the filter to absorb
contaminants
Filter to use:
When acetaldehyde,
acetone, chloroform,
methanol, etc is a hazard
• AX (with full face mask)
• Brown
• Effective time depends
on ppm of contaminant,
breathing load and
ability of the filter to
absorb contaminants
When a comination of
gases and particles is a
hazards
• Combined filter
• Combination of colours
Eye and face protecion
• When necessary
• Types
Eye protection is necessary
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When handling chemicals
When working with UV- and IR-radiation
When cutting, grinding, polishing, sanding…
When handling molten plastic
When welding
When doing precision work
Eye and face protection
Safety glasses
• Protect against impact,
dust
• Usually made from PC
and have UV-filter
• Do not protect from
chemical splashes,
mists, vapours
Eye and face protection
Safety goggles
• Protect against impact,
dust, chemicals, mists
and vapours
• More expensive
Eye and face protection
Welding shields
• Protect from IR or
intence radiant light
• Protect both eyes and
face from flying sparks
and slag chips
• Might be hand-held or
band-fitting
Eye and face protection
Face shield
• Protects eyes and face
from impact, dust,
chemical splashes and
spray hazards
• NOTE! To be used with
safety glasses
Skin and body protection is
necessary…
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When handling chemicals
When working in a contaminated environment
When welding
When handling hot metals
Skin protection
Neoprene gloves
• Synthetic rubber
• High density and tear
resistance
• Offer good protection
agains chloroform,
alcohols, epoxy, nitric acid
• Should not be used for
benzene and styrenecontaining chemicals
Skin protection
Latex gloves
• Natural rubber
• Outstanding tensile
strength and elasticity
• Allergens
• Offer good protection
against acetone, alcohols,
epoxy, strong bases (KOH,
NaOH)
• Not good for styrene,
benzene and chloroform
containing chemicals
Skin protection
Nitrile glove
• Most common
• Offer good protection
against oils, greases,
acids, bases and
alcohols
• Are not recommended
for use with acetone
and peroxides
Body protection
White coveralls
• One-time use
• Protect against dust and
splashes
• To be disposed in a
separate bag after
heavy use
• NOTE! By cleaning them
with pressurized air you
inhale all contaminants!
Body protection
Blue coveralls
• Resable duck coveralls
• Protect against cuts and
impact
• To be washed, if heavily
contaminated
Hearing protection
• Should be if noise level is above 85 dB or
whenever it feels discomfort is experienced
• Available in the labs as earplugs (easy and
invisible) and earmuffs (better attenuation
properties)