Biology
Chapter 2
2B-2
Review Questions
1. What substances make up
carbohydrates? What Characteristics do
carbohydrates have?
– They are made of C,H, and O
– Smaller carbs contain twice as many H atoms
as O
– Simple sugars, called monosaccharides are
the basic building blocks for carbohydrates
Review Questions
2. What are the primary functions of
carbohydrates?
– They serve as both structural and energy
compounds
Review Questions
3. List several monosaccharides, several
disaccharides, and several
polysaccharides.
– Monosaccharide- glucose, galactose, ribose,
fructose
– Disaccharides- lactose, sucrose, maltose
– Polysaccharides- cellulose, glycogen, starch,
chitin
Review Questions
4. What substances make up a lipid? What
characteristics do lipids have?
– Lipids are made of C,H, and O
– Lipids are only slightly soluble in water but are
highly soluble in organic substances such as
alcohol
– They mostly serve as structural compounds
– They store energy efficiently
Review Questions
5. Describe the difference between a
hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule.
– Hydrophobic molecules are repelled by water,
Hydrophilic are attracted by molecules
Review Questions
6. Differentiate between saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids. How are the
physical characteristics affected?
– Saturated fatty acids have two hydrogen
atoms attached to the carbon atoms.
– Unsaturated- have or more of the carbon
atoms are double bonded
– Saturated behave as solids at room
temperature, unsaturated behave as liquids at
room temperature
Review Questions
7. What distinguishes phospholipids from
other lipids?
– The third carbon atom of their uniting glycerol
molecule has a phosphate-containing group
attached to it rather than a fatty acid
Review Questions
8. List several lipids.
– Fats, Oils, waxes, cholesterol