Uyanga Ganbold-Battulga
Mr.Miller
Biology 4
1 October 2010
MATTER AND ENERGY
MY INITIAL QUESTIONS
Main question: what is matter made up of and
what kinds of energy exist?
 Minor questions:
 How does energy form?
 How are atoms structured?
 How does matter provide chemical building
blocks to build an organism?
 How does energy assemble the pieces of
organisms?
 What kinds of systems to living systems need?
 Where do living systems get their energy?

MATTER
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AND ENERGY
Matter is particles of
atoms/molecules.
It is anything that takes
up space and has mass.
All atoms/molecules are
constantly in motion.
The speed of the
movement depends on
the state of a substance
(water , gas, solid)


Energy comes in many
different forms.
However, they fall
under two categories:
-Potential energy
-Kinetic energy
There are many types of
energy. However, All
living systems need
chemical energy,
thermal energy,
electrical energy, and
mechanical energy.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
KINETIC
ENERGY

-chemical energy: energy that's
stored in the bonds of atoms and
molecules.
-mechanical energy : energy stored
in objects that create tension (rubber
bands, springs)
-Nuclear energy: Energy stored in
the nucleus of an atom. It is what
keeps the nucleus together. Large
amounts of energy is released when
the atoms are combined or split apart.
Nuclear power plants split open the
nuclei of uranium atoms in a process
called * frission. The sun combines
hydrogen atoms in a process called
*fusion.
-Gravitational energy: Energy
stored in an object's height/weight.
The heavier/higher an object is, the
more gravitational energy it has.
-Electrical energy: Electrons moving
through a wire. It can operate things
such as cell phones, kind of like a
battery. Lightning is an example of


-Radiant energy : Electromagnetic
energy that travels in transverse
waves. Light is an example of radiant
energy(it is visible.)
-Thermal energy: Also called, heat,
thermal energy is the
vibration/movement of the atoms/
molecules of substances. When a
substance is heated up, the molecules
move faster and collide faster(atoms
too.) Geothermal energy is a example
of thermal energy of the earth.
-Motion energy: stored in movement
in objects. The faster an object moves,
more energy builds up and when it
slows down, the energy is released.
-Sound: Movement of energy in
waves. When a force causes an object
to vibrate. The vibration is the sound
wave.
ENERGY BUILDS UP EVERYTHING!
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Energy is a force.
It helps build structures of an
organism.
Before structuring an organism,
energy must first build an atom.
In an atom, protons and neutrons
circle around the nucleus, while the
electrons circle around it.
The Protons and neutrons are
responsible for the atomic mass of
an atom(believe or not, even a
single atom has mass. Since an
atom has mass, it is a matter.
Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.)
*Energy can be changed from one
form into another
OPPOSITES ATTRACT!
When to atoms form a bond,
it is called a “covalent bond”
 Atoms share electrons.
 When atoms bond, they are
held there by a tight force, a
magnetic force.
 When atoms come together,
they create molecules.
 Molecules are made up of
one or more atoms.

MOLECULES TO CELLS
As molecules start to form, they create single
“elements” (Look at periodic table of the
elements.)
 Molecules come together to create cells (which
are the smallest form of an organism.)
 A cell is made up of trillions of atoms.
 Atoms are the units of cells, and cells are the
units of life/systems/organisms.

*Reminder: Matter is the particles of
atoms/molecules. Matter is anything that takes
up space and has mass. Although atoms are
extremely tiny, they still have mass.
CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
Organisms that are made up of one cell is called
a “unicellular organism”
 Most living things are made up of many cells and
are called :multi cellular organisms
 Differentiation: Process in which cells of a multi
cellular individual become specialized during
development. (Ex: An organism transfers from a
zygote into a complex form of tissues and cell
types)

Life on earth get their energy from the sun.
 Organisms capture energy from the sun and
change it into another energy that can be used by
living things.
 Organisms that obtain energy by making our
own food (such as plants) are called “auto trophs”
- Auto trophs use energy from the sun and
change water and carbon dioxide from the
environment into sugar and starches.
 Our bodies need sugar. It is where we get some of
our energy.
 Question: What is in sugar that gives us energy?

SUGAR
Each sugar molecules contains of 12 carbon
atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms
(C12H22O11).
 Because sugar is made up of these three
elements, it is another form of compound called
“carbohydrate”

ENERGY USE
AND
HOMEOSTASIS
Living things go through a process called
“metabolism” (which stores molecules for
immediate use in another reaction)
 Living things must maintain stable internal
conditions. For example, a plant has to have
water. It can’t have too less water or too much or
it will die!)
 With homeostasis, an organism has freedom to
adapt to change in an environment.
 Homeostasis is the balance of an organism.

MATTER AND ENERGY
Matter and energy are extremely important to
biology. There is a process of learning about
biology and learning about atoms , molecules,
energy, and matter are the first things you have
to know to get started on an expedition to
learning about the learn around us. Atoms,
energy, etc. all create everything in the world
today and it is crucial that we all know how that
works to fully understand the concept of biology.
SOURCES

http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/thermal/3-where-does-energy-comefrom-and-go.html
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/2-matter.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/energy/matterandenergy.html
http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/atoms.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=ANT8VB14oBUC&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=how+does+ene
rgy+assemble+an+organism's+pieces%3F&source=bl&ots=cxVM5ySed9&sig=4SR5OVImADJtuOobMgpfyUrJvg&hl=en&ei=ww6iTLelE83wngei8uT1Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result
&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar.html
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=about_forms_of_energy-forms
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/covalenb.htm
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http://www.blurtit.com/q378098.html
Owl book and blue book 