12/14/2015
Draw a diagram of the
hierarchy of the
Christian Church during
the middle ages?
Describe each position.
ENGLAND
Conquerors

800s – Vikings raided and took control
 Alfred
the Great: Beat them to the North, unified
country, strengthened government, spread religion

1066 – Duke William of Normandy took throne
and became William the Conqueror by beating
out his competition
William the Conqueror



Spread land of nobles all over England
Sent royal commissioners to every Shire to count
people, assess land, and value property
Set up a central tax system (Doomsday Book)
Successors

Henry I
 Set
up a new committee to handle kingdom’s money
 Sent traveling judges throughout county to try cases

Henry II
 Had
Lords pay him fees to hire an army so the army
was loyal to him
 Established trial by jury
 Thomas Becket – Archbishop
King John and Magna Carta

1215 – John demanded more taxes to pay for
wars so nobles revolted and forced him to sign
Magna Carta:
 Protected
liberties of nobles
 Gave basic bill of rights to the people
 Established the fact that Rulers had to follow the law
or face being overthrown
Government Developments

Parliament:
 Practice
of having members of the middle class meet
with the clergy and the nobles in a big meeting

Common Law:
 Collection
of court decisions that were applied
equally to everybody – changed to meet the times
FRANCE
Capetian Kings




987 – Hugh Capet takes throne (only small area)
Capetian Kings try to expand land holdings
through marriage, war, and inheritance
Strengthen government by appointing well
trained officials, extending jurisdiction of judges,
establishing Parliament with commoners
Capetian Kings cannot quite unite all of France
GERMANY AND ITALY
(NEVER DID UNITE AS ONE COUNTRY OR WITHIN THEMSELVES AS
COUNTRIES DUE TO INDEPENDENT CITIES…BUT GERMANY AND
ITALY REMAIN CLOSE FOR CENTURIES)
Holy Roman Empire

936 – Otto I becomes king of Germany, he wants
to expand to upper Italy
 The
Pope needs help so he lets Otto take land and
crowns him Emperor of the Romans

But struggles between Popes and rulers ensue….
Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry IV

Pope Gregory VII:
 Church
was supreme authority and gov. leaders
were only there for help
 Believed that bishops should be appointed by Pope

Henry IV:
 Henry

believed he could appoint bishops
1122 – Gregory excommunicates Henry and
makes him beg for forgiveness
 Concordat
of Worms: Leader could appoint bishops
to specific parts of country, but only Pope could
name bishops
Pope Innocent III – 1198 to 1216

Same beliefs as Pope Gregory:
 King
John of England – Innocent placed the entire
country under suspension until John agreed to pay
tithe to church
 King Philip of France – Stuck with Queen or he
would be excommunicated
 Germany – he overthrew leaders and placed his own
rulers in power

One of the strongest medieval Popes but after he
died the powers of church weakened