Tuesday, December 18
Compare and Contrast Humanism and Psychoanalysis
Discuss Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Card Sort
Discuss Rogers
Activity
Key Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due:
Wednesday, Dec. 19
(This is an OPTIONAL assignment)
Ch. 14 Test: Thursday, December 13
Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of
humanistic approach
Monday, December 17
Discuss the Three Levels of the Mind
Discuss Freud’s Dream Theory
Complete Discussion of Freud Review
Key Terms and Concepts of Personality
Theories Due: Wednesday, Dec. 19
(This is an OPTIONAL assignment)
Ch. 14 Test: Thursday, Dec. 20
Learning Target: Explain the characteristics
of the psychodynamic approach
Friday, December 14
Return Defense Mechanism Worksheets
Read Cat in the Hat and analyze the characters
according to Freud’s personality theory
Defense Mechanism BINGO Review
Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of
the psychodynamic approach
Thursday, December 13
Collect Defense Mechanism Worksheet
Discuss Psychosexual Stages
Formative Assessment: Complete Freud
Review
Learning Target: Explain the
characteristics of each of the psychosexual
stages.
Wednesday, December 12
Discuss Defense Mechanisms
Skits
Defense Mechanism Worksheet: Due
Thursday, December 13 (This is a
MANDATORY assignment)
Learning Target: Identify which
defense mechanism is used in various
examples
Tuesday, December 11
Return Ch. 14 Vocabulary W.S
Conflict Inventory
Discuss Three Parts of the Personality
Psychology Playhouse
Learning Target: Analyze people’s
personality in terms of which part of
the personality is most dominant
Monday, December 10
Collect Ch. 14 Vocabulary Worksheet
(This is a MANDATORY assignment)
Introduce Personality
Take Personality Inventory
Learning Target: Define personality
and explain the characteristics of the
trait approach
Chapter 14: Personality
Personality: An individual’s unique,
consistent, patterned methods of behaving
in relation to the environment
What words are important in that
definition?
• Unique
• Consistent
• Pattern
1) The Trait Approach
Trait: a relatively enduring personal
characteristic
• Some important trait theorists are:
• Gordon Allport
• Raymond Cattell
• Hans Eysenck
Orange Personality:
Things that frustrate oranges: Things oranges do to frustrate
others:
·
Rules and laws
·
·
·
·
Same routine
·
Deadlines
·
Paperwork
Lack of adventure
Too much structure
·
Ignoring rules
Being undisciplined
·
·
Lack of planning
Being quick-tempered
·
Thinking out loud
·
Impulse buying
Blue Personality:
Things that frustrate blues:
·
·
·
Things blues do to frustrate
others:
Lying
·
Violence
·
Personal rejection
Lack of close friends
·
Sarcasm
Being passive
·
·
Lack of
communication
·
Lack of planning
Avoiding conflict
·
·
Suppressing
problems
Being too generous
·
Being overly
sentimental
Green Personality:
Things that frustrate greens:
·
·
·
·
Things greens do to frustrate
others:
Routine
·
Not being sociable
·
Small-talk
·
Living in the future
·
Plagiarism
·
Being wordy
Illogical arguments
·
Blowing up when
criticized
Social functions
·
Not going with the
flow
Incompetence
·
Being too
independent
Gold Personality:
Things that frustrate golds: Things golds do to frustrate
others:
·
Irresponsibility
·
Lack of planning
·
Lack of discipline
·
·
·
Control freak
Being bossy and
controlling
·
Working long hours
Laziness
·
Being obsessive
·
High risk taking
·
Being judgmental
·
Illegal behavior
·
Planning for
everything
Differing Conflict Styles Inventory
5 styles of managing conflicts
Withdrawing
Forcing
Smoothing
Compromising
Confronting
Withdrawing (The Turtle)
Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid
conflicts. They give up their personal goals and
relationships. They stay away from issues over
which the conflict is taking place and from the
persons they are in conflict with. Turtles believe
it is hopeless to try and resolve a conflict, They
prefer to withdraw from
a conflict rather than
face it.
Forcing (The Shark)
Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to
accept their solution to the conflict. Their goals are
highly important to them, and relationships are of minor
importance. They seek to achieve their goals at all costs.
They are not concerned with the needs of others. They
do not care if others like or accept them. Sharks assume
that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one
person losing. They want to be the winner. Winning
gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement. Losing
gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure.
They try to win by attacking, overpowering, and
intimidating others.
Smoothing (The Teddy Bear)
To teddy bears the relationship is of great
importance while their own goals are of little
importance. They want to be accepted and liked
by others. They think that conflict should be
avoided in favor of harmony and that people
cannot discuss conflicts without damaging
relationships. They are afraid that if the conflict
continues, someone will get hurt. They give up
their goals to preserve the relationship. Teddy
bears try to smooth over the conflict out of fear of
harming the relationship.
Compromising (The Fox)
Foxes are moderately concerned with their own
goals and their relationships with others. Foxes
seek a compromise: they give up part of their
goals and persuade the other person in a
conflict to give up part of his/her goals. They
seek a conflict solution in which both sides gain
something-the middle ground between two
extreme positions. They are willing to sacrifice
part of their goals and relationships in order to
find agreement.
Confronting (The Owl)
Owls highly value their own goals and relationships.
They view conflicts as problems to be solved and seek
a solution that achieves both their own goals and the
goals of the other person. Owls see conflicts as a
means of improving relationships by reducing tension
between two people. They try to begin a discussion
that identifies the conflict as a problem. Owls are not
satisfied until a solution is found that achieves the
goals of both people involved. Also, they are not
satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have
been fully resolved.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Background
• Victorian Era
• Prim and Proper
• Position
• View on sex
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Id, Ego, Superego (three parts of the
personality)
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
ID
Ego
Superego
Freud believed
that the 3 parts of
the personality
overlapped and
should not be
separated and
analyzed
separately. He
believed one was
an outgrowth of
the other.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Id: The part of the personality that
emerges first. When we are an infant
we are almost all Id
• Pleasure Principle: the Id is hedonistic.
It seeks pleasure and avoids pain
• Energy Source: the Id is the major
source for all psychological energy
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Id
• Drives and Instincts: basic inborn needs
• Libido: the sex drive
• Aggression:
• Thanatos: the death instinct
• Eros: love for life
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Id
• Primary Process: the need for
immediate and instant gratification
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Ego: the second part of the personality to
emerge. It is more logical and practical
than the id
• Reality Principle:
the ego’s awareness of
the external world
• Secondary Process:
the ability to delay
gratification
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Super Ego: The sense of morality
• Ego Ideal: the child’s
perception of what
they think their parents
think is morally good
• Conscience: the child’s
perception of what they
think their parents think
is morally bad
Defense Mechanisms
See Handout
Defense Mechanisms
Definitions
• The Ego’s way of satisfying the id without
overstepping the bounds of the superego
• The Ego’s unconscious attempt to defend
against our anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Four aspects of all defense mechanisms
• They are all unconscious
• They all involve self-deception
• They all give us time to get over anxiety
producing events in our life
• They are all normal methods of dealing with
our anxiety if……
NAME OF DEFENSE
MECHANISM
DEFINITION
RATIONALIZATION
Sweet Lemons
Sour Grapes
We give ourselves false reassurances
about an anxiety producing
experience in order to reduce our
anxiety.
What we have we love and think is
great
What we can’t have we tell
ourselves we didn’t want anyway.
REACTION
FORMATION
We act in a manner that is
completely opposite of how we are
truly feeling.
REPRESSION
Unconsciously blocking unpleasant
or anxiety producing thoughts from
consciousness.
*SUPPRESSION
When we consciously avoid thinking
about something.
EXAMPLE
NAME OF
DEFENSE
MECHANISM
PROJECTION
DEFINITION
The tendency to see in others the
undesirable traits and qualities
that we possess.
IDENTIFICATION Identifying with a group by
taking on some of their
behaviors.
DISPLACEMENT
Taking our anxiety out on other,
safer objects.
SUBLIMATION
We find socially acceptable ways
to fulfill socially unacceptable
urges.
REGRESSION
Returning to earlier modes of
dealing with anxiety.
EXAMPLE
FANTASY/
DREAMS/
ESCAPE
Avoiding anxiety by escaping into
a fantasy/dream world
UNDOING
Reducing anxiety by making
amends for unethical thoughts or
deeds.
COMPENSATION
We pursue success in one area to
reduce our anxiety about our
failure in another.
DENIAL
Defending against anxietyproducing realities by failing to
perceive or recognize them.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Stages of Development: Freud
believed that an individual develops
through a series of five Psychosexual
Stages. Each of these stages was
associated with the part of the body
that gave the individual the most
pleasure at that time.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Oral Stage (Birth – 18 months)
Pleasure comes from the
mouth—sucking, biting,
chewing
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Anal Stage (18 months-3 years old):
Pleasure focuses on bowel
and bladder function;
the child must cope with
demands for control
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Fixation: Being stuck in a psychosexual
stages.
Fixation can occur because of either too
much or too little pleasure in a stage.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Anal Retentive: The anal retentive person
is neat, orderly, organized, and overly
concerned with CONTROL
This is caused by too strict of toilet training
resulting in a lack of pleasure
Anal Expulsive: The anal expulsive person
is messy, disorganized,
It is caused by too lax toilet training
resulting in too much pleasure
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Phallic Stage (3-6 years):
The pleasure zone is
the genitals; the
child must cope with
incestuous feelings
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Oedipus Complex:
A pattern described by Freud
in which a boy has sexual
desire for his mother and
wants to eliminate his
father’s competition for
her attention
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Latency Stage (6 years old-puberty):
During this stage sexual impulses stay in
the background as the child focuses on
education, same-sex
peer play, and the
development of social
skills
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Genital Stage (Puberty-
)
It is during this stages that sexual impulses
appear at the conscious level
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Three Levels of the Mind
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Conscious:
All our thoughts
and perceptions of
which we are
currently aware
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Preconscious: A
level of mental
activity that is not
currently conscious
but of which we can
easily become
conscious
Examples: memories,
stored knowledge
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Unconscious:
Region of the mind that is
a reservoir of mostly
unacceptable thoughts,
desires, feelings, and
painful memories
Examples: immoral urges,
violent motives, shameful
experiences, selfish
needs, fears, drives, etc.
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Freud’s Dream Theory
• Why do we dream? We dream to fulfill
unconscious, socially unacceptable urges
• What’s the problem with dreaming
openly? If we dreamed openly we would
have the same anxiety and embarrassment
as we would if we consciously thought
about it
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
How do we disguise our dreams?
• Symbols: Something that stands for
something else
http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/lear
ning_modules/psychology/02.TU.04/?section=
13
• Displacement: When we shift our
attention away from the true meaning of
the dream onto a seemingly insignificant
part
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Two types of dream content
• Manifest Content: The part of the dream
we can recall. The plot line of the dream.
The surface/literal meaning of the dream
• Latent Content: The true hidden meaning
of the dream, which can only be discovered
through dream interpretation and by
analyzing the symbols and stripping away
the displacement
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Neo-Freudians: Followers of Freud
who kept the main points of his theory
but proposed changes. Some noted
Neo-Freudians are:
•
•
•
•
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Erik Erikson
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Carl Jung (Analytical Psychology):
He agreed with Freud about the importance
of early childhood experiences and the role
of the unconscious. However, he was less
pessimistic than Freud and more spiritual
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Personal Unconscious:
Like Freud’s unconscious, it is unique to
each of us and contains our repressed
memories, our drives and instincts, etc.
Collective Unconscious: Our inherited,
dim memory of our inherited ancestral past
We basically all have the same collective
unconscious
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Introvert:
An introvert is a person whose thoughts
and feelings are directed inward. He/she withdraws
interest from external world and typically spends little time
interacting with others
Extrovert:
An extrovert is an outgoing individual
who wants to interact with others and stay in touch with
events in the outside world. They are out-going, sociable,
and excitement-seeking
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Alfred Adler (Individual Psychology):
• Feelings of Inferiority
• Inferiority Complex
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Karen Horney: Objected to the male
bias in Freud’s theory
• Basic Anxiety:
• Basic Hostility:
2) The Psychoanalytic Approach
Erik Erikson
vs.
Freud
3) Humanistic Approach
Humanism
Optimistic
Non-mechanistic
Here-and-now
vs.
Psychoanalysis
3) Humanistic Approach
Maslow’s Humanistic
Psychology
If you want a healthy
psychology, study
healthy people. If
you want a sick
psychology, study
sick people
3) Humanistic Approach
Deficiency Orientation:
A preoccupation with a perceived need for
material things.
People coming to perceive life as
disappointing and boring
3) Humanistic Approach
Growth Orientation:
People with a growth
orientation do not focus
on what is missing,
instead they are satisfied
with what they have, are,
and can do
3) Humanistic Approach
3) Humanistic Approach
Characteristics of a
Self-Actualized Person
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accepting of self & reality
Spontaneous
Creative
Has quality relationships
Lives in the moment
Takes calculated risks
Food
Protection
Family
Achievement
Personal
Growth
Shelter
Water
Law &
Limits
Order
Affection Relationships
Status
Fulfillment
Clothing
Stability
Sleep
Financial
Security
Teams
Work
Groups
Responsibility Reputation Confidence
Selfsufficiency
Authenticity
“Becoming
all you can
be”
3) Humanistic Approach
Roger’s Self Theory
• Fully Functioning Person
(FFP): A person has an
innate tendency toward
realizing his/her
potentialities
3) Humanistic Approach
Self-Concept:
The way one thinks
about oneself
• Congruence
3) Humanistic Approach
Unconditional Positive Love/Regard: a
child will develop a positive self-concept if
parents and authority figures provide
acceptance of the child regardless of his/her
actions
Conditions of Worth: judgments about
the kinds of behaviors that will bring
approval from others